State of the Art – Types of AI

- Applications
 State of art
ROBOTIC VEHICLES
A driverless robotic car named
STANLEY sped through the rough
terrain of the Mojave dessert at 22
mph, finishing the 132-mile course
first to win the 2005 DARPA Grand
Challenge.
STANLEY is a Volkswagen Touareg
outfitted with cameras, radar,and
laser rangefinders to sense the
environment and onboard software
to command the steering, braking,
and acceleration (Thrun, 2006).
SPEECH RECOGNITION
A traveler calling United
Airlines to book a flight can
have the entire conversation
guided by an automated
speech recognition and
dialog management system.
Voice User Interface
Immersive experience
Cloning of voices
Smart displays
Voice recognition for security
Forensic voice recognition and criminal
identification
Translation applications
State of art
AUTONOMOUS PLANNING
AND SCHEDULING
A hundred million miles from
Earth, NASA’s Remote Agent
program became the first on-
board autonomous planning
program to control the scheduling in an exhibition match (Goodman
of operations for a spacecraft
(Jonsson et al., 2000).
GAME PLAYING
IBM’s DEEP BLUE became the
first computer program to defeat
the world champion in a chess
match when it bested Garry
Kasparov by a score of 3.5 to 2.5
and Keene, 1997).

State of art
SPAM FIGHTING
Each day, learning algorithms classify over
a billion messages as spam, saving the
recipient from having to waste time
deleting what, for many users, could
comprise 80% or 90% of all messages, if
not classified away by algorithms. Because
the spammers are continually updating
their tactics, it is difficult for a static
programmed approach to keep up, and
learning algorithms work best (Sahami et
al., 1998; Goodman and Heckerman,
2004).
LOGISTICS PLANNING
During the Persian Gulf crisis of 1991,
U.S. forces deployed a Dynamic
Analysis and Replanning Tool, DART
(Cross and Walker, 1994), to do
automated logistics planning and
scheduling for transportation. This
involved up to 50,000 vehicles, cargo,
and people at a time, and had to
account for starting points,
destinations, routes, and conflict
resolution among all parameters. The
AI planning techniques generated in
hours a plan that would have taken
weeks with older methods. The
Defense Advanced Research Project
Agency (DARPA) stated that this
single application more than paid back
DARPA’s 30-year investment in AI.
State of art
ROBOTICS
The iRobot Corporation has sold over two million
Roomba robotic vacuum cleaners for home use. The
company also deploys the more rugged PackBot to
Iraq and Afghanistan, where it is used to handle
hazardous materials, clear explosives, and identify
the location of snipers.
MACHINE TRANSLATION
A computer program automatically translates from
Arabic to English, allowing an English speaker to
see the headline “Ardogan Confirms That Turkey
Would Not Accept Any Pressure, Urging Them to
Recognize Cyprus.” The program uses a statistical
model built from examples of Arabic-to-English
translations and from examples of English text
totaling two trillion words (Brants et al., 2007).
None of the computer scientists on the team speak
Arabic, but they do understand statistics and
machine learning algorithms.
STATE OF ART

COMPUTER VISION – OBJECT DETECTION

COMPUTER VISION – FACE
DETECTION
EMOTION RECOGNITION
FOR AUTONOMOUS DRIVING
DISEASE DIAGNOSIS
In 2021, a Machine Learning
project, developed by Giacomo
Bornino, Marco Chierici, Venet
Osmani, Antonio Colangelo,
Giuseppe Jurman, has shown how
AI technologies are really able to
predict five comorbidities from
17,000 blood tests and 23 variables,
none of which were currently used
as diagnostic criteria. The results
have been promising to facilitate
the early diagnosis of
complications of diabetes mellitus,
one of the leading causes of death
worldwide.
PREDICTING HARVEST AND TIME FOR NEW
PLANTING - CALEBOT

At Maker Faire Rome

2022 the Sony CSL
sustainability team has
presented Robotics for
Microfarms (ROMI), jointly
developed by Iaac/FabLab
Barcelona, a particular
“calebot” developed to assist
farmers during crop and
harvest planning with the aim
to reduce costs and increase
productivity, thanks to a
camera used to capture daily
images of the plants and help
predict when they will be ready
to harvest and what portion of
the space will be available for
new plantings.
Decipher an old language
Predictive AI
Different types
Classifiction based on Capabilities
Classification based on Functionality

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/machine-learning-types-of-artificial-
intelligence/
Categorization of AI based on capabilities
◦Narrow Intelligence / weak AI
◦General Intelligence / strong AI
◦Super Intelligence

16
17
 Categorization of AI based on
capabilities…contd
Narrow (or) Weak artificial intelligence : It is an artificial intelligence that is focused on
one narrow task.

Artificial general intelligence is also referred to as "strong AI" or "full AI". It as the ability
of a machine to perform "general intelligent action".

A superintelligence is a hypothetical agent that possesses intelligence far surpassing

that of the brightest and most gifted human minds.

"Superintelligence" may also refer to a property of problem-solving systems (e.g.,

superintelligent language translators or engineering assistants) whether or not these
high-level intellectual competencies are embodied in agents that act in the world.
A superintelligence may or may not be created by an intelligence explosion and
associated with a technological singularity.
Ref: RUSSEL and NORVIG

Weak AI – Creating
entities that act like
human
Strong AI – Creating
entities that think like
human

19
20
Classification based on functionalities
•Reactive Machines
•Limited Memory
•Theory of Mind
•Self-awareness
22
Classification based on functionalities
•Reactive Machines – rule-based system like chess playing
programs
•Limited Theory – Models learnt from the past data
•Theory of Mind – Conversation agents, still in
practice(https://the-decoder.com/why-gpt-4-learns-how-we-
think/#:~:text=As%20a%20trained%20philosopher%2C%20he,language%2
0model%20learns%20%22mindreading%22.)
•Self-awareness – machines with human level
consciousness, stuff of fiction
 Responsive and adaptive gaming identification of celestial objects, exoplanets,
Applications Examples and facilitating the study of transient cosmic
application processes for credit cards and loans, events., noise removal from data
including acceptance and rejection, providing near-
instant responses AI virtual nurse assistants –
detect patterns and chatbots
anomalies that may indicate a Accident monitoring
security breach, even in the Logistics
absence of a known threat
signature

content creation, ideation, identify the best-

sentiment analysis, and performing plant
forecasting varieties

minimize traffic assisting with translations

congestion and optimize and language learning to
fuel efficiency outsourcing homework
and grading assignments

ML to train robots personalized product recommendations,

chatbots, virtual shopping assistants,
AI driven animation and dynamic pricing, fraud detection, and
character modelling logistics optimization
Summary
State of the Art AI
◦ Autonomous Driving, Logistics Planning, Spam detection, Game playing, Translation, Object detection

Types
◦ Strong Vs Weak AI
◦ Normal – General – Super Intelligence
Types based on Functionality
◦ Reactive – Limited Memory – Theory of mind – Self aware / Sentient AI
Applications – Different domains