EARTH SCIENCE Revised: 09/05/23

LESSON TIMETABLE
MODULE : EARTH: STRUCTURE AND SUBSYSTEMS

Sub-Module : 1. Earth’s Formation and Layers

COURSE/SUBJECT : EARTH SCIENCE

DURATION : FOUR (4) Hours Lecture; ________ laboratory

CONTENT/TOPIC STRATEGY/ REFRENCE/ EVALUATION

DURATION
ACTIVITY TOOLS OUTPUT
Introduction
 Opening Prayer
(Optional)
 Introducing the
Laptop/
instructor
Lecture- Computer
30 minutes  Leveling/ Discussion Module
Motivation PPT
 Articulating the
desired learning
outcomes for the
session
Presentation

 Recall Solar
Nebular Theory
 Define the layers
 Describe each
layer
a. Core Lecture-
b. Mantle Discussion
Laptop/
c. Crust
Computer
7 hours  Differentiate Oral recitation
Module
Inner core, Outer Question
PPT
core, Upper and Answer
mantle, Lower
mantle and
Continental
Crust, Oceanic
Crust.

30 minutes Application Recitation Laptop/ 15-item

 Reinforcement Computer Objective Type
 Recap of lecture Module of Written Test
Learning insights PPT
 Assessment

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 Closing Prayer
(Optional)

SESSION PLAN
Program/Year Level : ABM, HUMSS, STEM, TVHE, TVIA - 11

MODULE : EARTH: STRUCTURE AND SUBSYSTEMS

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Sub-Module : 1. Earth’s Formation and Layers

SUBJECT : EARTH SCIENCE

METHODOLOGY : Lecture-Discussion, Question and Answer (OBE)

DURATION : FOUR (4) Hours Lecture; ________ laboratory

LEARNING OUTCOMES (LOs):

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

 Define the Solar Nebular Theory.

 Explain the layers of the Earth.
 Differentiate the four major biomes.

LEARNING AIDS:
 Laptop /Computer
 Module
 PowerPoint Presentation

REFERENCES: (Preferably in Digital Form)

 Religioso, Teresita and Vengco, Lilia, 2016, Earth and Life Science by
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.,

I. INTRODUCTION

Preparatory Activities
 Opening Prayer
 Introducing the instructor
 Leveling/Motivation

II. PRESENTATION (Lesson Proper)

Have you ever tried cutting a
multi-layered cake before? If you
were to cut Earth, how would

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compare to the layers of the cake? Just like a cake, would the layers be also made of
different materials.
Earth has many layers because it was shaped by the geologic processes that began at
the start of Earth’s origin. The differences of each layer are based on the components
that make them up.

This chapter presents the different layers of the Earth. You will learn how these
layers were formed and what makes them. You will also learn about the interaction
these layers have with each other and the different natural phenomena that occur as a
result of these interactions.

EARTH’S FORMATION AND LAYERS

Recall the formation of the Solar System based on Solar Nebular Theory. The
initial nebula consists of mixtures of grain (rocks) and ice. Through the process of
accretion, different types of planets are formed- from small terrestrial planets to large
Jovian Planets.

SOLAR NEBULAR THEORY

Earth consist of layers made up of

different densities. Earth’s center is the
core which is composed of dense metals
like nickel and iron. The outermost layer,
called crust, is made up mostly of light
elements such as silicon oxygen, and
aluminum. The middle layer consisting of
rocks is called mantle.

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CORE: INNER AND OUTER

The study of Earth’s interior is most

difficult because it is inaccessible. The
information about Earth’s core is from
seismic information and computer
models.

In 1936, Danish seismologist Inge

Lehmann discovered that Earth has a
solid inner core.

Furthermore, studies showed that the

hot spherical slid has a radius of 1250
kilometers. It consists mainly of iron-nickel
alloy and is magnetic. It has a
temperature of about 6000 0C- almost as
hot as the surface of the sun. The
pressure in the inner core is so great that
the alloy cannot melt. For this reason, the Inge Lehmann
inner core is mostly solid.

The outer core is made mostly or iron and nickel. The outer core is approximately
2300 km thick. It is very hot; the temperature ranges between 4000Oc and 5000Oc.
Because of the very high temperature, the outer core is liquid. The boundary between
the outer and inner core is sometimes referred to as Lehmann discontinuity.

Earth’s molten metallic ore gave rise to magnetic field. The magnetic field is
attribute to the dynamo effect of circulating electric current. The nature of the dynamo is
not known in detail; however, it is always linked to the rotation of Earth.

COMPARISON OF INNER AND OUTER CORE

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INNER CORE OUTER CORE

Iron and nickel Iron and nickel
Magnetic Magnetic
Solid Liquid
1250 km 2300 km
Cause of Earth’s magnetic field

MANTLE: LOWER AND UPPER

The mantle is the largest part of Earth. It is

the intermediate layer of Earth and is
subdivided into lower and upper mantle. It is
made up of molten rocks called magma. The
magma circulates in current determined by the
cooling and sinking of heavier minerals, and the
heating and rising of the lighter minerals. The
mantle has a total thickness of 2900 km.

The lower mantle is hot and exhibits

plasticity. The highest pressure in the layer
causes formation of minerals that are different
from that of the upper layer. Gutenberg
discontinuity is detected between Earth’s lower
mantle and the outer core as observed by
changes in the seismic waves. It is 2240 km thick. Earth’s mantle

The uppermost mantle and Earth’s crust that form the lithosphere are relatively rigid.
The upper boundary that separates the upper mantle from Earth’s crust is defined by
the sudden increase in seismic velocity. This is called Mohorovicic (or Moho)
discontinuity, as noted by Andrija Mohorovicic in 1909. Moho is 5 km to 10 km below the
ocean floor and 20 to 90 km with an average of 35 km, beneath typical continents.

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The asthenosphere is the layer that lies after

the lithosphere (100 km to 250 km) beneath km,
Earth’s surface. The name was given by British
geologist Joseph Barrell in 1914. The balance
between temperature and pressure is so great
that the rock has little strength (weak) and are
easily deformed. It is believed that
asthenosphere plays a critical role in the
movement of plates on surface of Earth
according to the plate tectonic theory.
Joseph Barrell

COMPARISON OF LOWER/MID AND UPPER MANTLE

LOWER/MID-MANTLE UPPER MANTLE

Asthenosphere Lithosphere
Soft/magma Rigid/solid
Exhibits “plasticity” Moho boundary
Convection currents
2240 km 660 km

CRUST: CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC

There are two types of crust that

make up the surface of the
lithosphere.
These are the continental crust
and the oceanic crust. Both the
continental and oceanic crust lie on
top of the mantle. The continental
crust is relatively thicker than the
oceanic crust because of high
elevation.
This is also a result of the
varying density between the two
types of crust- the granitic
continental crust has lower density
than the basaltic oceanic crust,
which results in the varying EARTH’S CRUST
elevation.

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COMPARISON OF OCEANIC AND CONTINENTAL CRUST

OCEANIC CRUST CONTINENTAL CRUST

Dark-colored Light-colored
Basaltic Granitic
More dense Less dense
Thin layer Thick layer
50 km 40-70 km
Coarse-textured

REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITY

I. What are the different layers of the Earth?

II. Contrast lithosphere from the asthenosphere.
III. Are continents the same as plates? Justify your answer.
IV. Give the significance of the ionosphere in the ozone layer.

RECAPITULATION OF THE LESSON/IMPORTANT POINTS DISCUSSED

I. Earth’s Layers
a. Core (Inner Core and Outer Core)
b. Mantle (Upper Mantle and Lower Mantle)
c. Crust (Oceanic Crust and Continental Crust)

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III. ASSESSMENT

___________ 1. Why is oceanic crust denser than continental crust?

___________ 2. What are the components of core that make it magnetic?
___________ 3-4. Differentiate the three types of tectonic plates?
___________5. TRUE OR FALSE. Both continental and oceanic crust lie on
the top of the mantle.
___________ 6. Differentiate basaltic from granitic.
___________ 7-8. How is inner core different from outer core?
___________ 9.TRU OR FALSE. Earth consist of layers with same densities
which are separated by discontinuities.
___________ 10.How did they access the information in the Earth’s core?

IV. CLOSING PRAYER ‘

Prepared by:

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Don Benedict Z. Nues

Teacher

Reviewed by:
Jim Bryn G. Balatero ,LPT
Academic Coordinator, Institute of basic Education

Approved by:
Farraday D. Valenton,LPT,MASPED,MAEd
Principal, Institute of Basic Education

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