General Kinds of Historical Sources
Nonetheless, Lopez de
Primary Sources
These sources are records of events or evidence as they are first described or actually
happened without any interpretation or commentary. It is information that is shown for
the first time or original materials on which other research is based. Primary sources
display original thinking, report on new discoveries, or share fresh information.
Examples of primary sources:
Theses, dissertations, scholarly journal articles (research based), some government
reports, symposia and conference proceedings, original artwork, poems, photographs,
speeches, letters, memos, personal narratives, diaries, interviews, autobiographies, and
correspondence (writing letters or e-mails to someone),
Secondary Sources
These sources offer an analysis or restatement of primary sources, They often try to
describe or explain primary sources. They tend to be works which summarize, interpret,
reorganize, or otherwise provide an added value to a primary source.
Examples of Secondary Sources:
Textbooks, edited works, books and articles that interpret or review research works,
histories, biographies, literary criticism and interpretation, reviews of law and legislation,
political analyses and commentaries.
Tertiary Sources
These are sources that index, abstract, organize, compile, or digest other sources. Some
reference materials and textbooks are considered tertiary sources when their chief
purpose is to list, summarize or simply repackage ideas or other information. Tertiary
sources are usually not credited to a particular author.
Examples of Tertiary Sources:
Dictionaries/encyclopedias (may also be secondary), almanacs, fact books, Wikipedia,
bibliographies (may also be secondary), directories, guidebooks, manuals, handbooks, and
textbooks (may be secondary), indexing and abstracting sources.
-Who was the first Governor-general of the Philippines? - Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi is considered the first governor-general of the Philippines. He
was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who arrived in the Philippines in 1565, leading
an expedition to establish a Spanish colony in the archipelago. After arriving in the
Philippines, L?pez de Legazpi established the first Spanish settlement on the island of
Cebu, and he later moved the colony to the island of Panay. He served as the governor of
the colony until his death in 1572. While Lopez de Legazpi is often referred to as the first
governor-general of the Philippines, it is worth noting that the position of governor-
general did not officially exist until the mid-17th century. Before that time, the Spanish
colonial administration in the Philippines was led by various officials, including governors
and captains-general, who were appointed by the Spanish crown.
Legazpi is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential figures in
Philippine history, as his expedition marked the beginning of more than three centuries of
Spanish colonial rule in the country. (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Miguel-
Lopez-de-Legazpi)
-What did The First Philippine Republic come to be called? - Malolos Republic
The Malolos Republic, also known as the First Philippine Republic, was the first
independent republic in Asia. It was founded on January 23, 1899, in Malolos, Bulacan,
Philippines, following the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule. The republic
was declared under the presidency of Emilio Aguinaldo and operated until it was dissolved
by the United States in 1901. During its existence, the Malolos Republic drafted a
constitution, established a Congress, and created several government departments.
Despite its short-lived existence, the Malolos Republic remains a significant moment in
Philippine history as it marked the country's first step towards independence and
selfgovernance. (http://msc.edu.ph/centennial/republic.html)
-What do you call the first real battle fought between Filipinos and the Spaniards? -
Battle of Pinaglabanan
The Battle of Pinaglabanan is widely considered as the first real battle fought between
Filipinos andSpaniards.This is because it marked the beginning of the armed resistance of
Filipinos against Spanish colonization in the Philippines. The battle took place on August
30, 1896, in San Juan del
Monte, a town in the province of Manila. The Filipino revolutionary group, Katipunan, led
by Andres Bonifacio, launched a surprise attack on the Spanish garrison in San Juan. The
attack was aimed at capturing the garrison's weapons and ammunition, which were
necessary for the planned uprising against Spanish colonial rule. The Spanish troops,
numbering around 100, were caught off guard and were initially overwhelmed by the
Katipunan's attack. However, reinforcements arrived, and the Spanish soldiers eventually
regained control of the garrison. The battle resulted in a victory for the
Spanish, but it also marked the beginning of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish
colonial rule. The Battle of Pinaglabanan is significant because it demonstrated that
Filipinos were capable of taking up arms and resisting Spanish colonial rule. It inspired
other revolutionary groups to take up the cause of independence and sparked a wave of
uprisings throughout the Philippines. The battle is also important because it was the first
time that the Katipunan, the revolutionary group that played a pivotal role in the
Philippine Revolution, engaged in a real battle with the Spanish colonial authorities.
(https://dbpedia.org/page/Battle_of San Juan del Monte)