University of Zakho

College of engineering
Petroleum department

Experiment 3
(Boiling Point Determination)

General Chemstry lab by Mr. Mehvan Mohammad

Group3. Prepared by Student:

1. Ghayath Khaleel Zezo
2. Sidad Mohammad Ahmad
3. Mohammad Jahfar Mahmood
4. Mashhood Majed Muhammad

Date of experiment: 24/11/2022

Date of present: 1/12/2022
Introduction
The boiling point of a liquid is defined as the temperature at which the vapor
pressure of the liquid equals the external pressure (usually 1 atmosphere). It
is also defined as the temperature at which vapor and liquid are in
equilibrium at a given pressure. The vapour pressure can be defined as the
tendency of molecules on the surface of the liquid to pass into vapour state.
The boiling point, like the melting point, is a physical constant and may be
used to identify unknown organic liquids.

Procedure
1.at first wePlace a few milliliters of a known liquid organic compound in a
small test tube.
2. Then we Placed the capillary tube into the test tube with the closed end
upward.
3. After that weClamped the test tube to a ring stand, and immerse a
thermometer in the test tube.
4.Next we Fill a 50 mL beaker 3/4 full with paraffin, and place on the tripod.
Carefully lower the test tube and thermometer combination into the beaker
of paraffin so that the test tube is immersed half way in the paraffin
5. After that we Begin to heat slowly. As the liquid approaches its boiling
point, a few bubbles will be observed flowing out of the end of the capillary
tube when a steady stream of bubbles are observed, turn off the burner and
allow the contents of the test tube to cool.
6. Finally As the contents of the test tube cools, observe the capillary tube
carefully. When the liquid begins to flow into the capillary tube, we record
the temperature of the liquid as its boiling point temperature.
Result
After we had tested our given organic liquid in the laboratory and know
it’s boiling point without knowing the identity of the liquid we explored
and searched about this temperature that we bring out from the
laboratory yes and its about 84 degrees closely there is too many
different types of organic compounds had been showed that have a
close degree to our result and explained for us that our element would
be 1- propanol II and it’s degree 82.2 degrees depending on these
information https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Boiling-point-
dielectric-constant-e-and-dielectric-loss-tangent-tan-d-of-
the_tbl1_257630053/amp
2- and second one is butanone and it’s degree is 80
depending on this link
https://www.numerade.com/ask/question/compound-
structure-boiling-point-pc-ethyl-acetate-2-butanone-2-
propanol-2-pentanone-102-2-methyl-1-propanol-108-1-
butanol-118-2-pentanol-120-ethyl-butyrate-122-3-
methyl-1-butanol-132-1-penta-07107/
3- and the third one is ethanol and it’s degree is 78.3
depending on this link
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Boiling-point-
dielectric-constant-e-and-dielectric-loss-tangent-tan-
d-of-the_tbl1_257630053/amp

Discussion
We had provided several searching and got deferent
element and degrees of element we write several
sources and and we had found several elements and
knowing it's BP degrees so the opinion that we all
co-opinion and decided that the closest result to our
experiment will be a propanol.

Questions
1. What is the definition of boiling? Answer: The boiling
point of a liquid is defined as the temperature at
which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the
external pressure (usually 1 atmosphere).
2-How is boiling affected by pressure? Answer: Pressure: when the
external pressure is:

 less than one atmosphere, the boiling point of the liquid is lower
than its normal boiling point.
 equal to one atmosphere, the boiling point of a liquid is called
the normal boiling point.
 greater than one atmosphere, the boiling point of the liquid is
greater than its normal boiling point.

3- How would the boiling point of a liquid change by:

a) measuring it in Everest? Answer: At a higher elevation, the

lower atmospheric pressure means
b) placing the liquid in a pressure cooker? Answer: it will be the reason
to increase the boiling point of liquid because The boiling point of a
liquid is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid
becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure. The vapour pressure of
a liquid is also a function of the temperature. As the temperature
increases the vapour pressure increases. Now, if we increase the
external pressure, a higher temperature would be required so that
the vapour pressure becomes equal to the external pressure and
hence the boiling point of the liquid increases.