Introduction

The "Solar-Powered 18650 Lithium-ion Battery Charger and DC-DC Boost Converter Using
555 Timer" represents an ingenious and eco-friendly solution tailored for the efficient
charging of 18650 lithium-ion batteries by harnessing solar energy. In an era marked by a
growing demand for sustainable power solutions, this battery charger module emerges as a
pivotal technological advancement that facilitates the seamless integration of 18650 lithium
batteries into a multitude of electronic projects.

This innovative module holds immense promise for electronics enthusiasts and developers
who rely on lithium batteries to energise their projects. The module's multifunctional
capabilities extend beyond mere battery charging, as it possesses the capacity to safely charge
18650 lithium batteries while concurrently elevating their output voltage to a precisely
regulated range of 5-12 volts. This enhanced voltage range is ideally suited for powering a
wide array of development boards such as Arduino, NodeMcu, led lights and other similar
devices.

The technical specifications of this solar-powered battery charger module are worth
highlighting to appreciate its full potential. The charging current, a critical parameter to
ensure efficient and safe battery replenishment, has been optimally configured to deliver a
steady and reliable 1 A. This 1A charging current not only ensures the swift replenishment of
18650 lithium batteries but also safeguards against overcharging, thereby prolonging the
battery's lifespan.

Equally important is the module's output current, which has been thoughtfully set to match
the charging current at 1A according to the load requirement. This synchronised output
current empowers the device to deliver a consistent and reliable power supply at the same
amperage according to the load, further emphasising its adaptability for a diverse range of
electronic applications. This harmonisation between the charging and output currents ensures
that the battery remains adequately charged while providing a stable and robust power source
for various electronic components.

The heart of this innovative module is the utilisation of a 555 Timer, a widely recognized and
versatile integrated circuit, renowned for its precision in generating time delays and
waveforms. By incorporating this component into the module's design, it enables precise
control over the boosting process, thus enhancing the safety and efficiency of the 18650
lithium battery charging.

The "Solar-Powered 18650 Lithium-ion Battery Charger with Booster Module Using 555
Timer" is a pioneering and ecologically responsible solution for powering electronic projects
with lithium batteries. Its capacity to safely charge lithium batteries, coupled with its output
voltage regulation and advanced technical specifications, positions it as an indispensable tool
for electronics enthusiasts and developers seeking a sustainable, efficient, and versatile power
solution. This module not only optimises the usage of solar energy but also exemplifies the
potential for renewable technologies in the realm of electronics.

Working

The system is designed to efficiently charge 18650 lithium-ion batteries with energy
harnessed from solar panels while incorporating voltage regulation and boosting capabilities
for various electronic applications. This system operates through a series of interconnected
components and processes:

● Solar Panels: The system begins with solar panels that capture sunlight and convert it
into electrical energy. Solar panels typically consist of multiple photovoltaic cells
connected in series or parallel to generate a specific voltage and current output. The
generated solar energy is then directed to the charging module.

● Charging Module (TP4056): The TP4056 charging module is a dedicated

lithium-ion battery charger that receives the solar energy from the panels. It is
designed to charge single-cell lithium-ion or lithium-polymer batteries efficiently and
safely. The TP4056 charging module controls the charging process, monitors the
battery voltage and current, and ensures that the 18650 lithium-ion battery is charged
within its safe voltage and current limits. It employs a constant current-constant
voltage (CC-CV) charging algorithm to ensure that the battery is charged optimally.

● 18650 Lithium-ion Battery: The 18650 lithium-ion battery is the primary energy
storage component of the system. This rechargeable battery stores the energy received
from the solar panels during the charging process.

● DC-DC Booster (Using 555 Timer): The DC-DC booster circuit, utilising the 555
Timer integrated circuit, is responsible for elevating the output voltage to a regulated
range, typically between 5-12 volts. The 555 Timer is configured as an astable
multivibrator, generating a stable oscillating signal. This signal is used to control the
switching of the DC-DC converter, which steps up the voltage efficiently. The boosted
voltage is suitable for powering various electronic devices and development boards.

● Load Devices: The boosted and regulated output voltage from the DC-DC booster
can be connected to various load devices such as development boards (e.g., Arduino,
NodeMcu), LED lights, sensors, or any other electronic components that require a
specific voltage supply within the 5-12V range.
 ● Process:
○ Solar energy is harvested by the solar panel and converted into electrical
energy.
○ The TP4056 charge controller assesses the incoming solar power and regulates
the charging of the 18650 lithium-ion battery. It ensures that the battery is
charged safely and prevents overcharging.
○ The 18650 battery stores the solar-generated electricity.
○ When power is required for electronic components, the 555 Timer IC triggers
the MOSFET to enable the DC-DC booster module. This boosts the battery
voltage to the desired range, typically 5-12 volts.

Fig.1 Block diagram of proposed project

The operation of this system is highly dependent on the precise control and coordination of
its components. The TP4056 charging module ensures safe and efficient charging of the
18650 lithium-ion battery, while the DC-DC booster, driven by the 555 Timer, regulates the
output voltage to meet the requirements of the connected load devices. The solar panels
continuously provide energy, and the system adapts to varying sunlight conditions to maintain
the battery's charge and supply power to the connected electronic devices. This integrated
approach offers a sustainable and reliable solution for powering electronic projects with
lithium-ion batteries while harnessing renewable solar energy.

Elements Required

To assemble the "Solar-Powered 18650 Lithium-ion Battery Charger" with the specified
technical specifications, you will need the following components:

● Solar Panel (5V, 180mAh): This solar panel is responsible for capturing sunlight and
converting it into electrical energy to charge the 18650 Li-Ion battery.
● Charging Module (TP4056): The TP4056 charging module is a key component that
manages the charging process, including controlling the charging current and ensuring
safe charging for the 18650 Li-Ion battery.
● 18650 Li-Ion Battery: This rechargeable lithium-ion battery serves as the energy
storage component of the system, storing the energy harnessed from the solar panel.
● NE555 IC (555 Timer): The NE555 IC is used for timing and control purposes in the
circuit, enhancing the precision of the charging and boosting processes.
● IRFZ44N – N Channel MOSFET: The IRFZ44N MOSFET is employed to regulate
the output voltage and ensure stable power delivery to development boards.
● Inductor: The inductor is used in the DC-DC booster circuit to help manage the
voltage conversion process.
● Diode: The diode serves to protect the circuit and prevent reverse current flow within
the circuit.
● Capacitor: For filtering the output from the booster and for timing the 555 timer.
● Resistor: for fine-tuning and adjusting certain aspects of the circuit, such as timing
and voltage levels

S. No Component Value/ Name Quantity

1 Solar Panel 5v 180mah 1

2 Charging module TP4056 1

3 Capacitor 470pF 1

4 Capacitor 1uF 1

5 IC NE555 1

6 MOSFET IRFZ44N 1

7 Potentiometer 20k 1

8 Resistor 1k 1

9 Inductor 80mH 1

10 18650 Li-Ion Battery 3.7V, 3000 mAh 1

Solar Panel

A solar panel is a device that converts sunlight into electricity by using photovoltaic (PV)
cells. PV cells are made of materials that generate electrons when exposed to light. The
electrons flow through a circuit and produce direct current (DC) electricity, which can be
used to power various devices or be stored in batteries. Solar panels are also known as solar
cell panels, solar electric panels, or PV modules.

solar cell should be maximum 5V, because TP4056 has maximum input 6V.

Fig.2 Solar Panel

Advantages :-

● Solar energy is an eco-friendly and clean power source.

● It operates autonomously without reliance on other energy sources.
● It demands minimal maintenance.
● Solar energy is a completely renewable source of power.

18650 Li-Ion Battery

An 18650 Li-ion battery is like a small, rechargeable power bank for gadgets. It's named
"18650" because it's 18mm in diameter and 65mm long. These batteries are everywhere,
inside things like laptops, flashlights, and electric vehicles.

What makes it special

● High energy storage capacity and rechargeable nature.
● Offers a high energy density for efficient power storage.
● Supports rapid charging while enabling slow discharge.
● Relatively lightweight, making them suitable for portable devices.
● Provides a relatively high voltage output of around 3.7 V, compared to other batteries.
● Retains stored energy until needed by the device.
● The 18650 battery typically has a nominal voltage of 3.7 Volts and comes in varying
capacities, ranging from 1200mAh to 3600mAh.
 Fig.3 18650 Li-Ion Cell

Advantages of Lithium ion battery:

High Energy Density: 18650 batteries have a high energy density, meaning they can store a
large amount of energy in a compact size.

Long Cycle Life: These batteries can endure hundreds of charge-discharge cycles, making
them cost-effective over their lifespan.

Rechargeable: 18650 batteries are rechargeable, reducing the need for single-use disposable
batteries and saving money in the long run.

High Voltage: They provide a stable voltage output, making them suitable for powering
many devices consistently.

Lightweight and Compact: 18650 batteries are relatively small and lightweight, making
them ideal for portable electronics and applications.

Versatility: These batteries are used in a wide range of devices, including laptops,
flashlights, e-cigarettes, and electric vehicles.

Fast Charging: Many 18650 batteries support rapid charging, providing a quick power
source for devices.

High Discharge Current: They can deliver high currents, making them suitable for
high-power applications.

Low Self-Discharge: 18650 batteries have a low self-discharge rate, so they can hold their
charge for extended periods when not in use.

Reliability: When handled and used properly, 18650 batteries are known for their reliability
and safety features.

Wide Temperature Range: They can operate effectively within a broad temperature
range, making them suitable for various environments.

Environmental Benefits: Rechargeable 18650 batteries help reduce the environmental

impact associated with disposable batteries.
Charging Module

18650 lithium-ion (Li-Ion) batteries have become the go-to choice for a wide range of
portable electronic devices, from flashlights and power banks to laptop battery packs. To
ensure these batteries are charged efficiently, safely, and conveniently, 18650 Li-Ion battery
charging modules have become an integral part of the equation.

18650 Li-Ion battery charging modules are pre-packaged circuits designed to charge and
protect 18650 cells. These modules are particularly popular due to their ease of use,
cost-effectiveness, and the convenience they bring to the charging process. They typically
include a variety of features and components to ensure safe and efficient charging.

The TP4056 IC has become a key component in the design of efficient and safe 18650 Li-Ion
battery charging circuits. The TP4056 plays a pivotal role in ensuring optimal charging
performance.

Fig.4 Pin diagram of TP4056

1. Understanding 18650 Li-Ion Batteries

Before exploring 18650 Li-Ion battery charging modules, it's important to understand the
essential characteristics of 18650 batteries:

1.1. Voltage Range: 18650 cells typically have a nominal voltage of 3.7 volts and operate
within a voltage range of 2.5V to 4.2V.

1.2. Capacity: These cells come in various capacities, typically ranging from 1500mAh to
3500mAh, allowing users to select the right balance between size and energy storage.

1.3. Chemistry: The most common chemistry used in 18650 cells is lithium cobalt oxide
(LiCoO2), but alternative variants like lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) are available, each
with its unique characteristics.
1.4. Charge-Discharge Characteristics: As 18650 batteries discharge, their voltage
gradually drops, and during charging, the voltage increases, with a significant rise as they
approach full charge.

Fig.5 Charging Current Vs Time Graph Fig.6 Circuit Diagram of charging Module

2 . Features of 18650 Li-Ion Battery Charging Modules

18650 Li-Ion battery charging modules typically offer the following features:

2.1. Charging Voltage Range: The TP4056 supports charging voltage range of 4.2V to
4.35V, allowing them to accommodate various types of lithium-ion and lithium-polymer
batteries.

2.2. Adjustable Current: Many modules enable users to configure the charging current by
using external resistors or jumpers. This flexibility is essential for accommodating different
battery capacities and charging speeds.

2.3. Safety Features: Charging modules incorporate safety mechanisms such as

over-temperature protection, over-current protection, short-circuit protection, and
over-voltage protection to prevent damage to the battery and ensure safe charging.

2.4. LED Indicators: Many modules come with LED indicators to provide visual feedback
on the charging status. These LEDs typically indicate whether the battery is charging or fully
charged, making it convenient for users to monitor the process.

2.5. Compact Design: Charging modules are designed to be compact and efficient, allowing
for use in space-constrained applications.

3. How 18650 Li-Ion Battery Charging Modules Work

18650 Li-Ion battery charging modules operate in several phases during the charging process:
3.1. Precharge Phase: In this initial phase, the module applies a low current to the battery,
usually around 10% of the maximum charging current. This prevents the module from
initiating a full charging cycle if the battery's voltage is too low, ensuring safe and efficient
charging.

3.2. Constant Current (CC) Phase: After the precharge phase, the module switches to the
constant current mode. During this phase, it delivers a steady current to the battery, as per the
external configuration set by resistors or jumpers.

3.3. Constant Voltage (CV) Phase: As the battery voltage approaches the specified voltage
limit (typically 4.2V), the module shifts to constant voltage mode. In this phase, the module
maintains a constant voltage while gradually reducing the charging current. This approach
prevents overcharging and ensures a safe and full charge.

3.4. Termination Phase: After reaching the voltage limit, the module monitors the battery
voltage for a specific period. If the voltage remains stable within this time frame, the module
terminates the charging process, signalling that the battery is fully charged.

DC-DC Booster Circuit With 555 Timer

Booster Converter is an essential component used to increase the output voltage of a
Lithium-ion battery to a desired level, allowing it to power various electronic
appliances.When combined with a 555 timer configured as a pulse provider, this setup can
efficiently deliver the required voltage to operate different electronic devices. By regulating
the duty cycle with the help of a 555 timer ,we can obtain a stable output voltage , even as
the battery voltage decreases over time. The 555 Timer is configured as an astable
multivibrator, generating a stable oscillating signal. Voltage adjustment or regulation,
allowing you to set the output voltage to the desired level for your specific electronic
appliances.

The DC-DC Boost Converter Circuit is designed using the NE555 IC (555 Timer) and
IRFZ44N – N Channel MOSFET. This DC-DC Step-Up Boost IC Can be used in the
application, for example, getting stable 5-12V from a 3.7V battery. The Boost Converter
circuit gets the input supply through battery terminals (+ and -) is processed to give a stable
5-12V DC supply via the standard USB socket at its output.
 Fig.7 Circuit Diagram of Booster circuit

NE555 IC
IC 555 timer is a one of the most widely used IC in electronics and is used in various
electronic circuits for its robust and stable properties. It works as a square-waveform
generator with duty cycle varying from 50% to 100%. The 555 timer is a highly stable device
for generating accurate time delays or oscillation. The most important features of the chip can
be listed as :-
1. Operates on +5v to +18v in mono and astable mode.
2. Adjustable duty cycle.
3. Timing varies over microseconds to hours.
4. Output can provide or consume 200 mA.

Fig.8 Pin diagram of 555 timer Fig.9 circuit diagram of 555 timer

Working of 555 in astable multivibrator

The circuit uses the 555 IC in astable mode as the PWM generator and hence the whole
circuit is based around the same. The connections of all the 8 pins are mentioned below:
● Pin 1 is connected to the ground rail.
● Pin 2 and pin 6, with the ground through a 470pF capacitor.
● Pin 3 is giving the output signal and thus it is connected to the gate of the IRFZ44N,
N-Channel MOSFET. This pin is responsible for driving the pwm output to the gate
of the MOSFET.
● Pin 4 need to be connected to the power supply
 ● Pin 5 is helping in stabilising the output and thus it is connected to the ground through
the 0.1 uF capacitor. It also helps in providing immunity against electrical noises.
● Pin 7 is connected to the inverted diode setup; the junction is connected to the positive
rail through a 1K resistor.
● Pin 8 needs to be connected to the power supply.

Features of Booster Circuit

1. Voltage Boosting: The primary function of this circuit is to boost a lower input voltage to
a higher output voltage. This can be useful for powering devices that require a voltage higher
than the available input source.

2. Adjustable Output Voltage: By changing the values of the resistors and capacitors in the
555 timer circuit, you can adjust the frequency and duty cycle of the square wave, which, in
turn, allows you to control the output voltage. This provides flexibility in generating different
output voltages as needed.

3. Simple Design: The NE555 timer IC and the IRFZ44N MOSFET are relatively common
and easy-to-find components. The circuit itself is relatively simple, making it a popular
choice for hobbyists and DIY electronics projects.

4. Diode Protection: The circuit includes a diode to prevent reverse voltage from reaching
the input source. This protects the circuit and source from potential damage.

5. Inexpensive: Many of the components used in this circuit are low-cost and readily
available, making it a cost-effective solution for certain applications.

6. Applications: This type of boost converter can be used in various applications, such as
powering small electronic devices, charging batteries, and driving LEDs with a constant
current source.

7. Frequency and Duty Cycle Control: The NE555 timer allows you to adjust the frequency
and duty cycle of the switching signal. This control can be advantageous in certain
applications where you need to fine-tune the behavior of the boost converter.

8. Frequency and Duty Cycle Control: The NE555 timer allows you to adjust the frequency
and duty cycle of the switching signal. This control can be advantageous in certain
applications where you need to fine-tune the behavior of the boost converter.
Working of Booster Circuit

1. 555 Timer IC: The NE555 timer IC is configured to work as an astable oscillator. The 555
timer generates a square wave signal at a fixed frequency. You can adjust the frequency by
changing the values of the resistors and capacitors in the 555 timer circuit.

2. Driving the MOSFET: The square wave signal from the 555 timer is used to drive the
gate of the IRFZ44N N-channel MOSFET. When the square wave goes high, the MOSFET
turns on, allowing current to flow from the input voltage source through the inductor and into
the MOSFET. When the square wave goes low, the MOSFET turns off.

3. Inductor (L1): The inductor stores energy when the MOSFET is on and releases it when
the MOSFET is off. This results in a continuous flow of energy, and the inductor helps boost
the voltage. The energy stored in the inductor depends on the inductance value.

4. Diode: A diode is connected in parallel with the load. When the MOSFET is off and the
inductor releases its energy, the diode allows the energy to flow to the load while preventing
it from going back to the input source. This rectifies the output voltage.

5. Output Capacitor (C3): A capacitor is connected across the output to smooth the output
voltage and reduce ripples.

The 555 timer generates a square wave, the MOSFET switches on and off, and the inductor
and diode work together to boost the input voltage and provide an output voltage higher than
the input.

It's important to choose appropriate values for the components based on your desired input
voltage, output voltage, and load requirements. You can calculate the duty cycle and
frequency of the 555 timer oscillator, as well as select the inductor value and diode based on
your specific application.

A boost converter increases output voltage by storing energy in an inductor, resulting in reduced
current. The inductor, having an energy-storing magnetic field, resists instantaneous change. Current
through it is constant (Inductor = V/R). In the circuit, the inductor connected in series with the voltage
source, employing a switch for rapid on-off via a MOSFET and driver. A parallel diode prevents
reverse current flow from the capacitor.

The boost converter maintains constant input current, acting as a constant current source, while the
load serves as a constant voltage source. An N-channel MOSFET is PWM-controlled, driven by an IC
555 timer. A capacitor stores charge for consistent load output. The circuit operates in two stages.

Stage 1 (Switch on - Charging Mode): The MOSFET switch completes the circuit, applying voltage
across the inductor, creating a magnetic field. Voltage flows through the switch and a diode prevents
capacitor discharge.
 Fig.10 Charging Condition

Stage 2 (Switch off - Discharging Mode): When the switch is off, the inductor's charging path is
disrupted, reversing its polarity and collapsing the magnetic field, generating a voltage surge. This
charges the capacitor and powers the load.

Fig.11 Discharging Condition

Duty cycle is a crucial parameter in understanding the operation of a boost converter. It represents the
portion of a switching cycle during which the switch (often a transistor or MOSFET) is turned on.
Here's a summary of the key equations and concepts related to duty cycle in the context of a boost
converter:

Time Period (T): The total time of one switching cycle, which includes both the on time (Ton) and
the off time (Toff) of the switch. It is given by:
T = Ton + Toff

Duty Cycle (D): It represents the fraction of the total time period during which the switch is on. Duty
cycle is given by:
D = Ton / T

The voltage ratio between the input (Vin) and output (Vout) in a boost converter can be expressed as:
Vin / Vout = 1 / (1 - D)
Application

● Off-Grid Power Systems: The system can be used to create self-sustained power
sources in remote areas without access to the grid, making it valuable for powering
remote sensors, weather stations, or emergency communication equipment.
● Solar-Powered IoT Devices: It's suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) applications
where devices need continuous power in areas with abundant sunlight, such as
agricultural monitoring, environmental sensors, and remote data collection.
● Portable Electronics: The charger and booster system can be integrated into portable
devices like outdoor GPS units, cameras, and emergency radios to keep them charged
in the field.
● Energy Harvesting: The system can be employed for energy harvesting applications,
allowing it to capture solar energy and store it efficiently in lithium-ion batteries for
later use in various low-power devices.
● Renewable Energy Installations: It can be part of solar power systems for energy
storage and backup in residential or small-scale commercial setups, increasing energy
efficiency and reducing electricity bills.
● Solar-Powered Lighting: The system can power solar lighting systems for outdoor
and off-grid lighting, such as garden lights, pathway lights, and security lighting.
● Robotics and Drones: It can serve as a power source for robots and drones,
extending their operational time in remote locations.
● Research and Testing: In research environments, it can be used for prototyping and
testing power management systems for renewable energy applications.
● Educational and Demonstrative Projects: The system is suitable for educational
purposes to demonstrate the principles of solar energy harvesting and power
management.
● Emergency Power Supply: In disaster-stricken areas or remote medical clinics, it
can provide a reliable power source for charging essential medical devices and
communication equipment.
Breadboard connection Output
PCB board Connection Output

PCB Output through 12V Led strip

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Solar-Powered 18650 Lithium-ion Battery Charger and DC-DC Boost
Converter using a 555 Timer is a remarkable and environmentally-friendly solution that
addresses the growing need for sustainable energy sources and portable power systems. This
project, which combines solar power technology with a versatile 555 timer IC, offers
numerous benefits and applications in our modern world.

First and foremost, this project represents a significant step towards a cleaner and more
sustainable future. Solar energy is an abundant and renewable resource, and harnessing it for
battery charging is a powerful way to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. The use of 18650
lithium-ion batteries ensures a high energy density and reliable power storage, making this
charger and boost converter an ideal choice for various applications, including off-grid power
solutions, remote sensor systems, and portable electronics.

The 555 timer, a versatile and widely used integrated circuit, plays a crucial role in the
project. It serves as the heart of the DC-DC boost converter, providing an efficient and
reliable way to increase the voltage output from the solar panel. The 555 timer's simplicity
and flexibility make it accessible to both beginners and experienced electronics enthusiasts,
making this project an excellent educational tool for those looking to delve into electronics
and renewable energy systems.

One of the project's notable advantages is its portability. With its compact design and
lightweight construction, the Solar-Powered 18650 Lithium-ion Battery Charger and DC-DC
Boost Converter can be easily transported and deployed in various settings. Whether you
need to charge your devices during a camping trip, power a remote monitoring station, or
provide emergency backup power in a disaster-stricken area, this project's versatility ensures
it can meet the demand.

Furthermore, this project highlights the potential for further innovation in the field of
renewable energy and electronics. As technology advances and component availability
improves, there is room for refinement and enhancement. For instance, incorporating more
efficient solar panels, advanced battery management systems, or integrating IoT connectivity
for remote monitoring could expand the capabilities of the system even further.

In summary, the Solar-Powered 18650 Lithium-ion Battery Charger and DC-DC Boost
Converter using a 555 Timer is an ingenious and practical solution for a greener and more
sustainable future. By leveraging solar power and the versatility of the 555 timer, it provides
a reliable, portable, and environmentally friendly means of charging and boosting lithium-ion
batteries. As we continue to seek ways to reduce our carbon footprint and embrace clean
energy sources, projects like this serve as a testament to our commitment to a more
sustainable world. This innovative project not only fulfils a pressing need but also inspires
further exploration and development in the realm of renewable energy and electronics.
References
[1] Muhammad Ameer Hamza , “DC to DC Boost Converter using 555 Timer IC”
[2] Ainah Priye Kenneth, “Design of Dc-Dc Converter with Maximum Power Point Tracker
Using Pulse Generating (555 Timers) Circuit for Photovoltaic Module”
[3] P. S. Bhimra, "Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design," 4th ed.,
McGraw-Hill Education, 2001.
[4] https://how2electronics.com/boost-converter-basics-working-design-application/
[5] https://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/a-simple-boost-converter-circuit-using-555-ti
mer-ic
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boost_converter
 Acknowledgements

We express our deepest gratitude and appreciation to all the individuals who have played a
significant role in the successful completion of our minor project report titled
“Solar-Powered 18650 Lithium-ion Battery Charger and DC-DC Boost Converter Using
555 Timer” for the Department of Electrical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute
of Technology.

First and foremost, we would like to thank research scholars whose guidance and mentorship
were instrumental in shaping our research work and developing our skills. Their expertise and
knowledge in the field of electrical engineering were invaluable in helping us navigate
through the complex research process. We would also like to express our gratitude towards
the faculties of the Electrical Engineering department, namely Dr. Anoop Arya sir and
Dr. Suresh Kumar Gawre sir for their active support, encouragement, and expert guidance,
which were instrumental in the successful completion of our project. Their valuable inputs
and suggestions helped us to refine our minor project report.

Moreover, we extend our heartfelt thanks to the Head of the Department of Electrical
Engineering, whose continuous support and guidance were crucial in ensuring that the project
was executed smoothly and efficiently. Their provision of necessary resources and
infrastructure required for the successful completion of the project was highly appreciated.

Finally, we would like to thank all the individuals who have directly or indirectly contributed
to the success of this project. Their help and support were immensely appreciated, and we are
grateful for their contributions that have made a significant impact on our project journey.

Prathmesh Chaurasia (211113217)

Tejas Jain (211113218)

Samar Kumar Banodha (211113219)

Aayush Yadav (211113220)

Priyanshu Chaurasiya (211113221)

Anjali Mishra (211113222)