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Types of Electrical Panel and Switchgear used in Industry

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 Last Updated on: April 19, 2023  Electrical, electrical protection, Industrial Knowledge
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Hey, in this article, we are going to discuss a very interesting and knowledgeable topic which is the different
types of switchgear and electrical panel used in industry. Before in our 'Industrial Knowledge' category, we
have discussed about the HVAC System, today we are going to discuss types of electrical panel and types of
distribution box used in industry, company, or factory.

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Switchgear is nothing but a system or circuit consisting of operating, protective, and controlling devices such
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Although an electrical panel consists of so many parts but here the main six parts of an electrical panel are
described below which cover all the important devices and equipment of an electrical panel.
Incoming Feeder
The feeder is nothing but an electrical conductor which is the shape of a plate or rod or path made with
copper or aluminum metal. It is an arrangement used to connect multiple electrical sources or loads in
parallel.
In an electrical panel, Incoming Feeder is that where all incoming power sources for that panel are connected.
Generally, in an electrical panel, only one incoming source is provided and only one incoming feeder is
available.
Incoming Breaker
It is a switching or protective device where the main power incoming of a panel is connected to it through the 

incoming feeder. Generally, for a very high voltage panel VCB(Vacuum Circuit Breaker) is used as an incoming
breaker. And medium, low voltage panel uses ACB, MCCB(Molded Case Circuit Breaker) respectively as an
incoming breaker.

The main function of the incoming breaker is to disconnect the whole electrical panel from the incoming
power supply during any fault or maintenance. When it is turned off the whole electrical panel will disconnect
from the electricity.
Busbar
It is a metallic conductor or strip or junction where all incoming and outgoing lines are connected. Busbar is
designed to carry the whole or maximum current of the whole electrical panel. It is the main part of an
electrical panel and used in every panel. The size of the busbar depends upon the maximum current is to be
carried.
Read Also: MPCB Uses, Advantages, Connection | Motor Protection Circuit Breaker
Outgoing Breaker
It is the switching or protective device which is used to control the load. In an electrical panel number of
outgoing breakers may available, all are connected with the busbar. Generally, MCCB, MCB, MPCB, Isolator,
Contactor, are used as an outgoing breaker.
Outgoing Feeder
The outgoing feeder is that where all loads are connected. In an electrical panel, there is a number of
outgoing feeders available. Each outgoing feeder has their own circuit breaker or isolator or switch(known as
outgoing breaker) to turn on or turn off the power flow.
Indication and Measurement Equipment
Every electrical panel assembled with some important indication and measurement equipment such as
Wattmeter, Energy meter, Ammeter, voltmeter, NO, NC, Indication bulbs(red for ON, yellow for TRIP, green for
OFF), CT, PT, etc. Some modern electrical panel also uses Earth Leakage Relay, Master Trip Relay, etc. Core
balanced current transformer(CBCT) is mainly used to sense tye earth leakage.
Read Also: MCCB Full Form | MCB and MCCB Difference
Different Types of Electrical Panel used in Industry
There are various types of electrical panels used in the industry according to application requirements. Those
electrical panels used different circuit breakers, control systems, feeders, busbar according to their capacity 
and use.
Different types of electrical panel are,
  Main LT Panel
 Transfer Switch Panel
 Power Factor Panel
 PCC Panel
 HVAC Panel
 MCC Panel
 Lighting Panel
 Control Panel
 PHE Panel
 Hydrant Panel

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Main LT Panel
LT panel means Low Tension Panel which works with 3 phase 440V. It is the main panel of a company or
building. All incoming power source(EB & Generator) for that building is fed to this panel. LT panel carries the
whole load of a building. It consisting of high capacity Circuit Breakers, Isolators, Bus-coupler, etc. LT panel is
the incoming source for the main power control panel, HVAC Panel, etc.
When both EB and DG power supply are used, the LT panel consists also DG control circuit and systems.
Transfer Switch Panel
It may be a part of the LT panel or separately installed. It consisting of transfer switches, circuit breakers, etc.
The main function of this panel is to switch the building load from EB to DG or DG to EB. When the main
utility power supply is available it takes power supply from utility power but when the utility power supply is
not available it connect the load circuit to the DG.
Read More: Electrical Transfer Switch Use, Operation, Diagram
Power Factor Panel
It is a load itself. Power factor panel is a capacitive load used to improve power factor to avoid penalty. It is
directly connected with the LT panel to improve the power factor of the whole company or building.
Read More: Why Thyristor used in Power Factor Correction Panel?
PCC Panel
PCC means Power Control Center. It is the main panel to control all load or machines, lights of a company. The
incoming power supply for this panel taken from LT Panel. All machines or devices of a company are directly
or indirectly connected to this panel. PCC panels also fed power to other sub-panels such as MCC Panel,
lighting panel, Control Panel, etc.
HVAC Panel
It is also a high power delivering panel like the PCC panel. All HVAC devices, machines, equipment such as
Exhausts, Air conditioners, Chillers, Cooling Towers, Pumps are connected to the HVAC Panel. Its incoming is
also taken from the Main LT Panel.
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MCC Panel
MCC means Motor Control Center. It feeds power to all motors of a company. MCC panel consists of circuit
breakers, Contactor, VFD(Variable Frequency Drive), Motor Starters, Capacitor Banks, etc.
Lighting Panel 
It is definitely a sub-panel which used to control all lights of a building or company. It consisting of low rating
MCBs, Switches, etc.
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Control Panel
The Control panel is the practical implementation of the control circuit. Obviously, it is a low voltage panel,
even some of them operate with DC voltage. It consists of Relays, PLCs, NO, NC, alarm circuits, buzzer circuit,
etc.
PHE Panel
PHE meaning Plumbing, Heating, and Electrical. It a low-capacity sub-panel where small water pumps,
heaters, water filters, motors, and other electrical devices are connected. The low voltage protection devices
such as MCBs, DOL starters are used in these panels.
Hydrant Panel
Hydrant panel also a sub-panel, where all fire hydrant devices, pumps such as Hydrant pumps, sprinkler
pumps, jockey pumps are connected.
Read Also: When Capacitor store more Energy Series or Parallel connection?

Here, you can see the power flow block diagram between different types of electrical panel in an industry,

Types of Distribution Board used in Industry

Distribution boards are used for low power distribution purposes. It consists of MCCB, RCCB as an incoming
breaker, and MCB as an outgoing breaker.
Different types of Distribution Board are,

 LDB - Lighting Distribution Box

 ELDB
 RPDB - Raw Power Distribution Box
 TPN DB - Tripple Pole Neutral Box
 SPN DB - Single Pole Distribution Box
 DPDB - Double Pole Distribution Box
 VTPN DB
 ETPN DB

Read Also: [Explained] Should Neutral Wire be thinner than Phase Wire or Not?
Thank you for visiting the website. keep visiting for more updates.


Remember that Electrical is very Dangerous. And all information provided in this blog is for general knowledge
only. So before executing or doing any electrical related work please verify and gather authorization.

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