CAMP CRAME HIGH SCHOOL

Camp Crame, Quezon City

TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN RESEARCH

 RESEARCH: It is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data; documentation of
critical information; and analysis and interpretation of that data/information, in accordance with suitable
methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic disciplines.
 ABSTRACT: It is a brief overview of a research study
 APPLIED RESEARCH: It is conducted to generate knowledge that influences or improves practice.
 BASIC RESEARCH: It is a research that tests theories
 CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION: It is a variable, such as anxiety, may be defined as a feeling of
uneasiness.
 CONCEPTS: The building blocks of theories
 CONTROL GROUP: In experiments, the one that does not get the treatment.
 CORRELATIONAL STUDY: It is a type of research design that depicts a relationship between
variables, but not necessarily one of cause -effect
 DATA: Information used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or calculation.
 DELIMITATIONS: It addresses how the study will be narrowed in scope.
 DEPENDENT VARIABLE: The concept that the researcher is most interested in understanding
 DESCRIPTIVE STUDY: Research design that describes “what is” e.g. a survey
 EXPERIMENT: A research design used to find “cause-effect” relationships the “effect of…on…”
 EXPERIMENTAL GROUP: The one that gets the treatment
 HETEROGENOUS: Groups under study are very different or varied.
 HOMOGENOUS: Groups that are very similar
 INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: The concept being studied that usually indicates the influence or cause;
the one that the researcher is manipulating
 HYPOTHESIS: A statement written by the researcher that states the relationship among or between
variables
 INDUCTIVE REASONING: The basis for the qualitative research approach
 DEDUCTIVE REASONING: Depends on premises and is the basis for the quantitative research
approach
 INTRODUCTION: Establishes the scope, context and significance of the research to be conducted.
 LIMITATIONS: identify potential weaknesses of the study.
 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY: Averages (e.g. the mean)
 MEAN: The arithmetic average
 MEDIAN: The middle where half the scores fall above, half below, eliminates the influence of outliers
 METHODOLOGY: Systematic approach to the conduct of a process. It includes steps of procedure,
application of techniques, systems of analysis, and the modes of inquiry employed by a discipline.
 MODE: The score that occurs the most
 NULL HYPOTHESIS: The proposition, to be tested statistically, that the experimental intervention has
"no effect," meaning that the treatment and control groups will not differ as a result of the intervention.
Investigators usually hope that the data will demonstrate some effect from the intervention, thus
allowing the investigator to reject the null hypothesis.
 OPERATION DEFINITION: How a term is used in a study
 PARTICIPANTS: Also called respondents, their characteristics and responses are the object of study in
research

School: CAMP CRAME HIGH SCHOOL

Address: Camp Crame Compound, Quezon City
Telephone No.: (02) 86546292
1
 POPULATION: the target group under investigation. The population is the entire set under
consideration. Samples are drawn from populations
 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: specific research aims and objectives for the research.
 RANDOM: By chance
 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: Trying to verify or generate descriptive theory that is grounded in the
data gleaned from the investigation (naturalistic).
 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH: Answer a specific research question by showing statistical evidence
that the data may be addressed in a particular way (experimental).
 QUESTIONNAIRE: Structured sets of questions on specified subjects that are used to gather
information.
 RANDOM SAMPLE: Everybody has the same chance of being assigned to any group.
 RESEARCH DESIGN: The method for finding out what the researcher wants to know, experiment,
and correlate.
 RESEARCH METHODLOGY: The method of research design (paradigm as well as statistics and
analysis) as well as the approximate timeline for completion of the study.
 RELATIONSHIP: The bond or connection between two variables
 SAMPLE: A smaller group that represents population of interest
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: It is written as part of the introduction section of a thesis. It
provides details to the reader on how the study will contribute such as what the study will contribute and
who will benefit from it.
 STANDARD DEVIATION: A measure of spread; the average deviation of a group of scores from the
mean
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Part of the introduction which enumerates the research
questions which the study sought to answer.
 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Application of statistical processes and theory to the compilation,
presentation, discussion, and interpretation of numerical data.
 STATISTICS: Mathematical tools based on the normal curve used to analyze data; it must match with
research designs
 T-SCORE: A standard score on the normal curve where the mean is assigned “50” deviations of “10”.
Allows more simple interpretation of student achievement
 SUBJECT: The people who are being studied
 T-TEST: A parametric statistical tool that compares differences between the means of two groups:
assumptions for use include normal distribution and at least interval data
 THEORY: A generalization that presents a representation about relationships among phenomena
 VALIDITY: Accuracy, the extent to which a test or study measures what it is supposed to measure
 VARIABLE: A quality of interest or concepts that can be manipulated, observed or studied

School: CAMP CRAME HIGH SCHOOL

Address: Camp Crame Compound, Quezon City
Telephone No.: (02) 86546292
2