 Brightness Pyrometer:

Working Principle:
A brightness pyrometer, also known as an optical pyrometer, operates based on the
principle of thermal radiation. It measures the intensity of light emitted by a hot
object, and the color or brightness of this light is related to the object's temperature.
Mechanism:
The pyrometer includes a lens to focus the emitted radiation onto a detector.
The detector is usually a photocell or a photodiode that converts the incoming light
into an electrical signal.
The electrical signal is then processed to determine the brightness or color
temperature of the object.
Application: Brightness pyrometers are commonly used in industrial settings to
measure high temperatures, particularly in processes like metal forging and glass
manufacturing.
 Thermistor:
Working Principle:
A thermistor is a type of resistor whose electrical resistance is highly dependent
on temperature. The term "thermistor" is a combination of "thermal" and "resistor."
Mechanism:
Thermistors are made of ceramic materials with a high temperature coefficient of
resistance.
As the temperature changes, the resistance of the thermistor changes
proportionally.
The resistance change can be measured, and by using a known relationship
between resistance and temperature, the temperature of the thermistor can be
determined.
Application: Thermistors are often used in temperature control systems, medical
devices, and various electronic applications where accurate temperature sensing is
crucial.
 Thermocouple:
Working Principle:
A thermocouple is based on the Seebeck effect, where a voltage is generated when
two dissimilar metals are joined at two different temperatures.
Mechanism:
A typical thermocouple consists of two different metal wires joined at one end to
form a junction.
When the junction is exposed to a temperature gradient, a voltage is produced that
is proportional to the temperature difference.
This voltage can be measured and converted into a temperature reading using
appropriate instrumentation.
Application: Thermocouples are widely used for temperature measurement in
various industries, including manufacturing, energy, and scientific research. They
are known for their durability and versatility across a wide range of temperatures.