PROJECT TOPIC:

Impact of The Movement of SPS and SLS Faculty from

Bosso Campus to Gidan kwano Campus on Student Well-
Being.

BY

NABES MICHEAL
2017/1/66639VP
1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

Transportation is the movement of goods and services from one place to another. Transportation

plays a critical and vital role in economic development and social integration (Nistor, et al 2014),

including education. Efficient transportation systems contribute to increased productivity,

accessibility to essential services, and improved quality of life for individuals (Jean-Paul, et al

2020). A good transportation network has numerous benefits on a worldwide scale, impacting

economies, societies, and individuals in various ways like economic growth, tourism and travel,

regional development, social connectivity, time and cost savings, emergency response and disaster

management (Jean-Paul,et al 2020). Transportation plays an important role in various sectors of a

country, however transportation in education system is essential for ensuring access to education

especially in areas with dispersed populations (Plam, Farber 2020).

The university is an institution of higher education that offers a wide range of academic programs

and degrees and serves as a hub for advanced learning, research, and the dissemination of

knowledge (Bettinger, et al 2013), where people from different place come together for the various
services it has to offer, hence there is always need for the movement of people within the

institution. Some universities, college or tertiary institutions operate with more than one campus,

for example Harvard University located in Texas USA which has three main campus and several

academic centers at different locations (Muniz, 2019) hence it increases the movement of people,

and it is crucial that people mostly students, lecture and staff move from one campus to another.

Inter-campus movement or mobility is common in multi-campus educational institutions, such as

universities or colleges with multiple locations (Groenwald, 2018). It involves the transfer of

students, faculty, or staff from one campus to another within the same institution, this movement

can be for academic, administrative, or personal reasons. While inter-campus movement in

educational institutions can offer various benefits, it also comes with its share of challenges and

problems. Some common issues and problems associated with inter-campus movement includes

academic disruption, social disconnection, financial implications, course availability, logistical

issues and limited opportunities (Gregory, 2004). These faculty movements can have far-reaching

implications for the university community, particularly the students.

Inter-campus movement can have both positive and negative impacts on student well-being. While

it can offer opportunities for personal growth and a broader educational experience, it also presents

challenges that can affect students' well-being. (Ebden,2010), (Ezarik, 2009), and (Greenberg et

al.2008) state that the operations of the multi campus system is often plagued with numerous

complex challenges or difficulties. Student well-being is of paramount importance in a university

setting, and it plays a crucial role in the overall success and effectiveness of an educational

institution (Stallman, et al. 2017).

Student well-being is highly significant in a university system which as been proven to academic

performance of the student, retention and graduation rate, mental and physical health, personal

growth, community engagement, long-term success and positive reputation (Stallman, et al. 2017).

While prior research has examined various factors affecting student well-being and interventions

for example Barbayannis, et al (2022), Donald and Jackson (2022), Curi-Filho and Junior (2020),

there remains a notable gap in the literature regarding the specific impact of faculty movements

on student well-being in Nigeria, particularly amidst the escalation of fuel costs and the increase

in the cost of daily expenses.

Therefore, this study aims to fill the existing research gap by investigating the impact of the

movement of SPS and SLS faculty members from Bosso Campus to Gidan Kwano (GK) Campus

on student well-being. By assessing the emotional, academic, and social consequences experienced

by students due to this faculty relocation, especially now that the cost of transportation is high due

to the inflation of fuel price currently in Nigeria. The study seeks to provide valuable insights for

university administrators to address potential challenges and implement appropriate support

mechanisms (Umar, 2018).

1.2 Statement of The Research Problem

In the dynamic landscape of higher education, faculty movements, such as relocating from one

campus to another, have become a common occurrence as universities evolve and expand.

However, the impact of these faculty movements on student well-being remains an area of concern

with limited empirical investigation. As universities strive to create an environment that nurtures

student success and holistic development, understanding the consequences of faculty relocations
on student well-being becomes crucial (Lindorff, 2020). Student well-being is a critical

determinant of academic success and overall fulfillment in higher education (Nurul et al., 2016).

It encompasses not only academic achievements but also emotional, psychological, social, and

physical aspects of students' live. Positive faculty-student relationships play a pivotal role in

creating a supportive learning environment, enhancing student well-being, and promoting

academic engagement (LeMay et al., 2017).

Existing research has explored various factors influencing student well-being and implemented

interventions to promote it, the specific implications of faculty movements on student well-being

remain largely unexplored (Barbayannis et al., 2022). Furthermore, Existing studies have focused

on broader aspects of faculty-student relationships, and faculty movements in higher education

(Donald et al, 2022). While these studies provide valuable insights, they do not directly address

the unique context of impact of the movement from one faculty to another on student well-being.

The movement of School of Physical Sciences (SPS) and School of Life Sciences (SLS) faculty

members from Bosso Campus to Gidan Kwano (GK) Campus represents a significant transition

within the university community. This relocation can impact students' academic experiences,

access to resources, and overall sense of connection and belonging. It is essential to investigate

how this specific faculty movement influences the emotional, academic, and social well-being of

students particularly amidst the escalation of fuel costs and the increase in the cost of daily

expenses, in order to proactively address any challenges and provide appropriate support

mechanisms (Umar, 2018).

The need for this research arises from the importance of prioritizing student well-being in the

context of faculty relocations. By understanding the consequences of faculty movements on

student well-being, universities can devise targeted strategies to support students during periods
of transition (Donald and Jackson, 2022). Such insights can inform university policies and

practices to ensure a smooth and positive academic experience for students.

1.3 Research Questions

1. What are the socio-economic characteristics of the students?

2. What is the travel pattern of the student before and after the migration?

3. What is the level of student well-being before & after the migration?

4. Does the relocation of faculty affect student well-being?

1.4 Aim and Objectives

1.4.1 Aim

The aim of this research is to examine the impact of the movement of faculties from Bosso campus

to GK campus on student well-being.

1.4.2 Objectives

I. Access the socio-economic attributes of the student.

II. Examine the travel pattern of the student before and after the migration.

III. Determine the student well-being before & after the migration.

IV. Evaluate the impact of faculty relocation on student’s well-being.

1.5 Scope of the Study

Geographic Scope: This research is limited to the geographical area of the university, Bosso

Campus and Gidan Kwano Campus. The study examines the consequences of faculty relocation

within these campus locations on student well-being. It does not encompass broader regional or

national contexts but focuses exclusively on the impact on student within the new and old faculty

of School of Physical Sciences (SPS) and the School of Life Sciences (SLS). The study will be

conducted within Federal University of Technology Minna, and it will involve students from both

SPS and SLS faculties at Bosso Campus and GK Campus.

This research focuses on investigating the impact of the movement of faculty members from the

School of Physical Sciences (SPS) and the School of Life Sciences (SLS) at Bosso Campus to GK

Campus on student well-being. Specifically, the study examines how this faculty relocation

impacts the well-being of students within the university context. The subject scope encompasses

the interactions, experiences, and perceptions of students in response to this faculty movement,

with a particular emphasis on their well-being in terms of academic, social, and emotional aspects.

1.6 Justification of the Study

Understanding the implications of faculty movements on student well-being holds critical

importance for both universities and students. For university administrators, insights into the

specific challenges and opportunities arising from faculty relocation can inform decision-making

regarding such transitions. By identifying potential stressors and disruptions that may impact

students' overall well-being, universities can proactively implement targeted support strategies,

creating a smooth and positive academic experience for their students.

For students, this research provides a platform for students to voice their concerns, experiences,

and suggestions regarding faculty movements, contributing to a more student-centered approach

in university decision-making, it sheds light on the emotions and experiences, they may undergo

during faculty movements. By comprehending the potential impact of these transitions, students

can better navigate the changes, adapt to new environments, and utilize available support resources

effectively.

Furthermore, the findings of this research can inform university administrators and policymakers

about the consequences of faculty relocations. It can aid in making informed decisions regarding

faculty assignments and resource allocation.

1.7 Study Area

The study area Federal University of Minna Bosso and GK campus, is in the city of Minna, which

is the capital of Niger State in Nigeria shown in figure (FIG) 1.1 below. Minna is situated in the

central part of Nigeria, within the West African region. It is approximately 150 kilometers (about

93 miles) southwest of Nigeria's federal capital, Abuja shown in FIG 1.2. The university campus

is easily accessible and is typically located within the city limits of Minna shown FIG 1.2.1 and

FIG 1.3. Minna is known for its relatively flat terrain, with the Niger River flowing to the north of

the city. The climate is generally tropical, with a rainy season between May and October and a dry

season from November to April.

The university campuses itself is a prominent and well-established institution within the city. It

features modern academic and administrative buildings, student accommodation facilities,

libraries, sports fields, and various amenities to support academic and extracurricular activities.

The campus is often recognized for its contributions to education and research in the region and

beyond.

Figure 1.1: Map of Nigeria highlighting Niger State

Source: Uploaded by Collins Egwu Oguh (2019)

Figure 1.2: Niger State map showing the Bosso.

 Source: M. O. Odekunle, E. K. Odo, I. Sule, and A. A. Adenle (2018)

Figure 1.2.1: Federal University of Technology Mini Campus Bosso.

Source: Same as FIG 1.2

Figure 1.3: Map of the Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State Gidan Kwano

Campus
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0.1 INTRIDUCTION

2.1 Title: Students’ Well-Being Assessment at School, Author: Nurul Hidayah, Marthen Pali,

Muhammad Ramli, Fattah Hanurawa Year: 2016

In 2016, researchers conducted a study to assess students' well-being in school settings. They used

a mixed-methods approach, collecting quantitative data on emotional well-being, psychological

aspects, and social engagement. The findings revealed positive experiences, feelings of belonging,

happiness, and satisfaction with academic journeys. The authors provided recommendations for

schools to prioritize and support student well-being, emphasizing the importance of positive

faculty-student relationships and student-peer interactions. Encouraging extracurricular activities

and promoting a sense of belonging are essential strategies to enhance students' overall well-being.

2.2 Title: Student Wellbeing: An Analysis of the Evidence Authors: Dr. Penelope Woolf and

Jane Digby Year: 2022

Dr. Penelope Woolf and Jane Digby's study aimed to understand the factors influencing student

wellbeing in higher education. They analyzed numerous research studies and found that student
wellbeing is a complex interplay of emotional, psychological, social, and physical dimensions.

Positive faculty-student relationships were found to be key in shaping wellbeing and fostering

academic engagement. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted students' emotional well-

being and academic experiences, emphasizing the importance of supporting mental health during

times of crisis. The authors recommend a holistic approach to student support, including

comprehensive mental health services, counseling, and wellness programs, and fostering an

inclusive learning environment that values the well-being of all students.

2.3 Academic Stress and Mental Well-Being in College Students: Correlations, Affected

Groups, and COVID-19 Year: 2022 (Vol. 13)

In 2022, Georgia Barbayannis, Mahindra Bandari, Xiang Zheng, and Humberto Baquerizo

conducted a study on the connections between academic stress and mental well-being among

college students, focusing on the impact of COVID-19. The study used a mixed-methods approach,

collecting data from surveys and interviews. The findings revealed significant correlations

between academic stress and mental well-being, with students experiencing higher anxiety,

depression, and psychological distress. The COVID-19 pandemic intensified the impact of

academic stress on students' mental health. The researchers identified vulnerable groups, such as

demanding course loads, financial hardships, and increased family responsibilities, as more

susceptible to academic stress. They recommended accessible mental health resources, counseling

services, flexible learning environments, and strategies to reduce academic stress, such as time

management workshops and academic support programs.

2.4 Author: William E. Donald, Demise Jackson Title: Subjective Well-Being Among

University Students and Recent Graduates: Evidence from the United Kingdom Year: 2022

William E. Donald and Demise Jackson conducted a study in the UK to understand the subjective

well-being of university students and recent graduates. The researchers used a combination of

qualitative and quantitative methods, conducting surveys and in-depth interviews. Results showed

that university students reported high levels of satisfaction, while recent graduates had more varied

experiences, with job prospects and financial stability significantly impacting their well-being.

Key recommendations for enhancing well-being include investing in support services, career

guidance, and employment support for students and recent graduates.

2.5 Abdul Majeed Al-Tayib Umar Title: The Impact of Assessment for Learning on Students'

Achievement in English for Specific Purpose: A Case Study of Pre-Medical Students at

Hnartoum University Sudan Year: 2018

Abdul Majeed Al-Tayib Umar's 2018 study, "The Impact of Assessment for Learning on Students'

Achievement in English for Specific Purpose: A Case Study of Pre-Medical Students at Hnartoum

University Sudan," explored the relationship between assessment methods and students'

achievement in English for Specific Purpose (ESP) in pre-medical education. The study analyzed

academic performance through surveys, interviews, and analysis of academic performance. Umar

found that assessment for learning strategies, focusing on continuous engagement, formative

feedback, and active involvement, significantly impacted students' achievement in ESP. He

recommended incorporating assessment for learning strategies in educational toolskits for subjects

demanding precision and focused language skills, aligning assessment approaches with learning
objectives and students' unique needs. Umar's research highlights the transformative power of

assessment in shaping the learning landscape.

2.6 Wagi Ragi Curi Filho and Thomaz Wood Junior (2020) - Evaluation of the Impact of

Universities on Their Communities.

In 2020, Wagi Ragi Curi Filho and Thomaz Wood Junior conducted a study on the relationship

between universities and their communities. The study used a comprehensive research

methodology, including quantitative and qualitative approaches. The findings revealed the

complex relationships between universities and their communities, encompassing cultural,

economic, and social dimensions. Filho and Junior provided valuable recommendations for

optimizing relationships with communities, emphasizing open communication, collaboration, and

meaningful partnerships. This approach could lead to a harmonious synergy where universities

contribute effectively to community development, while communities provide a nurturing

environment for academia's growth.

2.7 Dr. Ariel Lindorff (2020) - The Impact of Promoting Student Wellbeing on Student

Academic and Non-Academic Outcomes: An Analysis of the Evidence

Dr. Ariel Lindorff's 2020 research explored the connection between student wellbeing and

academic and non-academic outcomes. He conducted a comprehensive analysis of interventions,

including mindfulness programs, mental health support systems, and extracurricular engagement

initiatives. The findings revealed that interventions promoting student wellbeing significantly

impact academic performance, emotional resilience, social interactions, and overall satisfaction.

The study also highlighted the importance of integrating wellbeing initiatives into educational
institutions' frameworks, prioritizing mental health support, encouraging extracurricular activities,

and embedding mindfulness practices. The research calls for universities to create an environment

where student wellbeing is a driving force, shaping academic achievements and holistic growth.

2.8 Changwon Son, Sudeep Hegde, Alec Smith, Xiaomei Wang, Farzan Sasangohar Title:

ffects of COVID-19 on College Students' Mental Health in the United States: An Interview

Survey Study Year: 2020

Researchers led by Changwon Son, Sudeep Hegde, Alec Smith, Xiaomei Wang, and Farzan

Sasangohar conducted a study to explore college students' mental health in the US during the

COVID-19 pandemic. They used a qualitative methodology and conducted in-depth interviews

with students. The study revealed emotional distress, stress, anxiety, and isolation, as well as the

resilience of students who used various coping strategies. The researchers recommend fostering

community in universities and increasing access to mental health resources. The study highlights

the impact of external crises on the inner lives of individuals navigating unprecedented challenges.

2.9 Noam Bergman - Impacts of the Fossil Fuel Divestment Movement: Effect on Finance,

Policy, and Public Discourse (2018)

In 2018, Noam Bergman explored the Fossil Fuel Divestment Movement's impact on finance,

policy, and public discourse. He used quantitative and qualitative analysis to analyze financial data,

policy documents, and public discourse. The movement reevaluated investments, prompted

policymakers to consider ethical considerations and support renewable energy transitions.

Bergman's recommendations called for informed decision-making, urging institutions to carefully

consider divestment and policymakers to create a sustainable energy transition. He also

emphasized the importance of open, fact-based discourse in public spheres, fostering constructive

dialogue and considering diverse perspectives.

2.10 The Impact of Physical Performance on Functional Movement Screen Scores and

Asymmetries in Female University Physical Education, Author: David Kozlenia, Jaroslaw

Domaradzki, Year: 2021

David Kozlenia and Jaroslaw Domaradzki's study on female university students' physical

performance and functional movement revealed a correlation between physical performance and

Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores. Higher levels of physical performance were

associated with better FMS scores, suggesting a link between overall physical capability and

functional movement proficiency. The study also revealed patterns of asymmetries in movement,

providing valuable information on how imbalances might impact functional movements. The

findings offer recommendations for educators and students in physical education, enabling them

to tailor curricula that address movement patterns and asymmetries effectively. Students can

benefit from well-rounded fitness routines that emphasize both physical performance and

functional movement to promote overall physical health and well-being.

Title: The Consequences of Social Movement Author: Edited by Lorenzo Bosi, Marco Guigni,

and Katrin Uba Year: 2016

"The Consequences of Social Movement" is a 2016 compilation by Bosi, Guigni, and Uba, which

explores the societal changes resulting from collective action. The editors use various

methodologies, including quantitative analyses, case studies, and qualitative explorations, to

analyze the transformative power of social movements. They advocate for a deeper understanding
of the dynamics fueling these movements and emphasize the need for policymakers and social

observers to grasp the long-term implications. The insights provide a compass for understanding

the dynamic shifts that follow social movements, guiding our understanding of society, change,

and progress.

Title: Impact of a Yoga and Meditation Intervention on Student Stress and Anxiety Levels

Author: Virginia Lemay, John Hoolhan, Ashley Buchaman Year: 2017

Virginia Lemay and her team conducted a study on student stress and anxiety, focusing on the

impact of yoga and meditation on their levels. They used a combination of science and tranquility,

offering yoga and meditation sessions as a retreat from academic stress. The findings showed a

significant reduction in stress and anxiety levels among participants, reshaping their mental

landscapes and providing an oasis of relaxation. Lemay and her colleagues advocated for the

integration of yoga and meditation programs into academics, recognizing their potential to redefine

the student experience and encourage educational institutions to embrace mindfulness and provide

students with solace amidst the storm.

Cheryl Regehr, Dylan Glancy, Annabel Pitts (2013) - Interventions to Reduce Stress in

University Students: A Review and Meta-Analysis

In 2013, Cheryl Regehr, Dylan Glancy, and Annabel Pitts conducted a study titled "Interventions

to Reduce Stress in University Students: A Review and Meta-Analysis" to provide a

comprehensive overview of stress reduction interventions in university settings. The researchers

conducted a thorough review and meta-analysis of existing research, examining various

interventions such as mindfulness programs and cognitive-behavioral therapies. The findings

revealed the potential of these interventions in reducing student stress and validated institutions'

efforts to address student well-being. The study served as a beacon for universities, pointing

towards evidence-based strategies that could be incorporated into student support services. The

study underscored the importance of prioritizing student well-being and creating an environment

that fosters emotional resilience.

Mental Health and Movement Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic in UK University

Students: Prospective Cohort Study

Matthew J. Savage, Ruth James, Daniele Magistro, James Donaldson, Laura C. Healy, Mary

Nevill, Philip J. Hennis Year: 2020

A 2020 study by Matthew J. Savage examined the relationship between mental health and

movement behavior among UK university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study

found a complex interplay between mental health and movement behavior, with some participants

increasing physical activity as a coping mechanism. However, as the pandemic continued, students'

movement patterns declined, possibly due to restrictions on outdoor activities and motivation

challenges. The study highlights the potential benefits of physical activity in managing stress and

maintaining emotional equilibrium. The researchers recommend holistic support, providing

accessible resources for mental health and physical activity guidance, and flexible approaches to

support students' emotional and physical experiences during a global crisis.

Yeounsuk Song and Ruth Lindquist (2015) "Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction

on Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Mindfulness in Korean Nursing Students."

In 2015, Yeounsuk Song and Ruth Lindquist conducted a study on the effects of mindfulness-based

stress reduction on depression, anxiety, stress, and mindfulness in Korean nursing students. The

study found significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress levels among the students, as

well as heightened mindfulness levels. The findings suggest that incorporating mindfulness-based

stress reduction programs into nursing curricula could improve emotional resilience and

psychological well-being. Cultivating mindfulness skills could equip future nurses with the ability

to manage stress and maintain better mental health in demanding healthcare environments.

Better, Mash, McRaay, Rhoades, Clara Ham, and Samnit in 2015, The Prevalence and

Correlates of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in a Sample of College Students.

In 2015, Better, Mash, McRaay, Rhoades, Clara Ham, and Samnit conducted a study on the mental

well-being of college students. The study aimed to understand the emotional state of students and

identify factors contributing to depression, anxiety, and stress. The researchers used a sample of

208 college students and standardized self-report measures to assess depression, anxiety, and stress

levels. They found significant correlations between these psychological states and identified

demographic factors like gender and age. Academic performance was linked to students' mental

well-being, highlighting the complex interplay between academic pressures and emotional health.

The authors recommended fostering a supportive campus environment, reducing stigma, and

promoting a holistic approach to student well-being.

Exploring the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students' Learning Life: An

Integrated Conceptual Motivational Model for Sustainable and Healthy Online Learning

The study by Better, Mash, McRaay, Rhoades, Clara Ham, and Samnit (2015) explored the mental

well-being of college students and found significant correlations between depression, anxiety, and

stress. The authors also highlighted the importance of fostering a supportive and inclusive campus

environment, providing mental health resources and counseling services, and advocating for

awareness campaigns.

Al-Kumain et al. (2021) conducted a study in Malaysia to examine the impact of the COVID-19

pandemic on university students' learning experiences. They crafted a dynamic conceptual

motivational model, emphasizing the importance of fostering belonging, engagement, and

autonomy in online learning settings. The researchers recommend establishing clear

communication channels, designing online courses with diverse teaching strategies, and ongoing

professional development for educators to adapt to evolving virtual teaching methodologies.

Author: Kassa Hallbery Adu Title: Student Migration Aspirations and Mobility in the

Global Knowledge Society: The Case of Ghana Year: 2019 Location: Ghana

Kassa Hallbery Adu explored the complex relationship between student migration aspirations and

mobility in the global knowledge society. He used interviews, surveys, and document analysis to

uncover the motivations driving Ghanaian students to pursue education across borders. Adu found

that students' motivations included educational quality, cosmopolitan experiences, and

employability. However, challenges such as financial constraints, cultural adjustments, and

expectations also impacted their journey. Adu's findings provide valuable insights for

policymakers, educators, and stakeholders, emphasizing the need for scholarship support, career

guidance, and cross-cultural integration initiatives. This journey enriches students' lives and the

tapestry of global academia.

Prospects of Assessing the Impact of External Student Migration on Restoring Country's

Intellectual Potential: The Case Study of Ukraine, 2019

Halyna Mishchuk, Fryma Roshchyk, Joanna Sulkowska, and Sergej Vojtovich conducted a study

in 2019 in Ukraine to understand the impact of external student migration on a nation's intellectual

resources. The study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches, including

surveys, interviews, and data analyses. The findings revealed that external student migration had

a multifaceted impact on Ukraine's intellectual landscape, affecting its ability to retain a skilled

workforce and fostering innovation, research, and collaboration. The authors recommend creating

an enabling environment that fosters innovation, research, and collaboration to harness the benefits

of external student migration without compromising local intellectual foundations.

Exploring the Impacts of Migration on Iranian Students Well Being, by Rostari F, 2021,

Ain, Iran

Rostari's study explores the impact of migration on Iranian students' psychological, emotional, and

social well-being in Ain, Iran. Through qualitative interviews and group discussions, the researcher

found a complex tapestry of emotions and adjustments experienced during migration. Participants
often experienced feelings of isolation, nostalgia, and cultural disconnection, impacting their

psychological well-being. The study recommends tailored psychological support and integration

programs to aid Iranian students in their acculturation process. The insights can inform targeted

interventions to cater to the unique needs of migrating students, promoting a smoother transition

and overall well-being.

The Impact of Migration on Psychosocial Well-Being: A Study of Student Migrants in

Resettlement State, by Vanshika Thukral, Veena Sharma, Jamal Fatina, 2020 in India

Vanshika Thukral, Veena Sharma, and Jamal Fatina's study explores the relationship between

migration and psychosocial well-being among student migrants in a resettlement state. The

researchers conducted in-depth interviews with students, revealing the multifaceted nature of the

migration journey. The study highlights the importance of identity negotiation, social integration,

and acculturation, as well as the complexities of balancing cultural backgrounds and host

communities. The authors recommend the implementation of comprehensive support systems,

culturally sensitive services, community engagement, and mentorship programs. The study

highlights the human aspects of migration and calls for empathy and support for those embarking

on transformative journeys in education and growth.

Title: The Impact of Migration on Student Mental Health by Shelby Kitim, 2021 Thompson

Rovers University, Canada

Shelby Kitim's 2021 study explored the impact of migration on student mental health, focusing on

the challenges faced by international students at Thompson Rovers University. The study used a

qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to capture diverse

perspectives. The findings revealed cultural adjustments, social isolation, and academic pressures

as central stressors, exacerbated by language barriers and unfamiliar societal norms. Kitim's

recommendations include university-led initiatives, cross-cultural integration, peer mentorship,

and awareness campaigns, as well as expanding counseling services tailored to address the unique

psychological needs of migrating students.

Marloes Hoogerbrugge and Martijn Burger (2021) - Selective Migration and Urban-Rural

Differences in Subjective Well-Being

Marloes Hoogerbrugge and Martijn Burger's study in the UK explores the relationship between

selective migration and subjective well-being. They found that individuals who migrate from urban

to rural areas experience an improvement in their well-being due to improved quality of life, access

to natural surroundings, and a slower-paced environment. Conversely, those who migrate from

rural to urban areas show a decline due to factors like stress, living costs, and reduced connection

to nature. The study suggests policymakers should encourage rural migration while maintaining

urban amenities and focus on creating spaces that offer rural living benefits.
Gregory Ebalu Agbenika's,, The Effect of Brain Drain and Migration on Nigerian

Development" conducted in 2019 in Flo State, Nigeria.

Gregory Ebalu Agbenika's 2019 research on brain drain and migration in Nigeria explores its

impact on the country's development trajectory. The study uses a qualitative methodology,

involving interviews and focus group discussions with individuals who have migrated to various

countries for better opportunities. The findings reveal the multifaceted impact of brain drain on

Nigeria's development, resulting in a loss of expertise and talent in critical sectors, hindering

growth and affecting the quality of life for Nigerians. Agbenika suggests policy interventions to

incentivize professionals to stay in Nigeria, such as improving working conditions, offering

competitive salaries, and creating career growth opportunities. Additionally, fostering

collaborations between the Nigerian government, educational institutions, and the private sector

can create an environment that values and retains skilled individuals.

O.A. Adeaokun and Irina Karzanova (2019) - Impact of Migration on the Economy of

Nigeria

Adeaokun and Karzanova's study explores the complex relationship between migration and the

Nigerian economy, revealing its impact on various sectors. Migration contributes to remittances

and human capital development, but also faces challenges like brain drain and labor market

imbalances. The loss of human capital can affect domestic industries and innovation. The

researchers recommend a multi-pronged approach, including policies promoting skill

development, investments in sectors benefiting from remittances, and tapping into the Nigerian

diaspora's expertise for domestic development projects. A comprehensive data collection system

and ongoing research are essential for continually assessing the dynamic relationship between

migration and the economy.

Forced Migration, Sexual and Gender-based Violence, and Integration: Effee_ Risks and

Protective Factors, by Jenny Phillimore, Karen Block, Hannah Braaby, Saime Ozcurumez,

Anna Papoutsi, 2022, UK, Sulfaen, Turkey.

Jenny Phillimore and her co-authors conducted a 2022 study on the complex relationship between

forced migration, sexual and gender-based violence, and integration. The study used a qualitative

framework, focusing on interviews with individuals who experienced forced migration,

particularly sexual and gender-based violence. The findings revealed that forced migrants are

disproportionately vulnerable to such violence due to their marginalized positions. However, the

study also revealed resilience and agency within the forced migrant community. Protective factors

like social support networks, community bonds, and access to essential services played a pivotal

role in mitigating the risks of sexual and gender-based violence. The researchers recommended

advocating for gender-sensitive policies, creating safe spaces for survivors, and fostering

collaboration between host countries and international organizations to ensure comprehensive

support for forced migrants. This research contributes to academic knowledge and the urgent need

for informed and compassionate policies and interventions.

William Betz and Nicole B Simpson in 2013, effects of international migration on the well-

being of native populations in Europe

In 2013, William Betz and Nicole B Simpson's study examined the impact of international

migration on the well-being of native populations in Europe. They used a mixed-methods

approach, analyzing factors related to migration and their potential effects on local populations.

The findings revealed a nuanced picture of the effects of migration on native populations' well-

being, highlighting both positive and negative outcomes. The authors recommended targeted
policies to address the negative consequences of migration on native populations' well-being,

emphasizing inclusive policies that consider the concerns of both migrants and native populations.

This approach aims to ensure social cohesion and equitable resource distribution.

Samuth K. Lai, Sarah A. Costigan, Philip J. Morgan, David R. Lubans, David F. Stodden, Jo

Salmon, Lisa M. Barnett, Do School-Based Interventions Focusing on Physical Activity,

Fitness, or Fundamental Movement Skill Competency Produce a Sustained Impact in these

Outcomes in Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review of 61 Follow-Up Studies Since

2006.

Samuth K. Lai and colleagues (2013) conducted a systematic review of school-based interventions

targeting physical activity, fitness, and fundamental movement skill competency in children and

adolescents. The study found mixed results, with some interventions showing positive and lasting

effects, while others showed limited or no long-term benefits. The success of these interventions

depends on factors like intervention design, follow-up duration, and target population

characteristics. The authors recommend careful planning, long-term follow-up studies, and

adapting strategies to cater to diverse needs. This research contributes valuable insights for

educators, policymakers, and researchers working to improve the health and well-being of young

individuals through school-based initiatives.

Siy Yin! Annile Tong Title: Student Voices in School-Based Assessment Year: 2015 Location:

Australia
In 2015, Siy Yin! Annile Tong explored student voices in school-based assessment, focusing on

their experiences and perspectives. Through qualitative methodology, she engaged with students

and captured their perceptions, challenges, and aspirations. Tong found that students possess a

profound understanding of their learning and emphasize the importance of assessment formats that

align with their learning styles. Tong offered recommendations for student empowerment,

advocating for assessment strategies that incorporate diverse formats and fostering open

communication. Her research highlights the importance of recognizing students' individuality and

holistic growth in education, urging educators and policymakers to listen attentively and create

assessment methodologies that honor their individuality.

COVID-19 and its Impact on Education, Social Life, and Mental Health of Students: A

Survey, conducted by Kunal Chatukueat, Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma, and Nidhi Sinusit in

2021.

The 2021 study by Chatukueat, Vishwakarma, and Sinusit examined the impact of the COVID-19

pandemic on students' education, social interactions, and mental well-being. The researchers used

a survey methodology to gather data from diverse students, revealing significant disruptions in the

educational landscape, such as online learning and reduced interactions. The study also revealed a

complex web of effects on students' social lives, including feelings of isolation and

disconnectedness from peers.

The researchers proposed recommendations to address these challenges, including integrating

interactive elements in online education, fostering virtual social spaces, and prioritizing mental

well-being by providing accessible counseling services and mental health resources. This

comprehensive study serves as a valuable resource for educators, policymakers, and institutions to

support students during these challenging times.

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