SAFETY AND EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT

10. SAFETY EQUIPMENT

Safety equipment is provided on board all aircrafts, meeting the Tanzanian Civil
aviation Regulations and other regulatory requirements.
In the event of an emergency on board a flight. Lives can be saved and injuries are
minimized by prompt and competent response of crew. Henceforth, all crew should
familiarize themselves with the safety equipment at all times. This chapter contains
relevant information on the safety equipment that is common to all fleets. Their
similarity and operation made it easier for crew to commit to memory and operate
minimal differences.

Safety Equipment that are located in overhead stowage bins or other compartments
must be kept free and/or not covered by hand baggage, catering supplies or other
equipment. Any item must not be removed for preflight checking. Crewmembers
must check the Removable Safety Equipment located in their assigned emergency
areas.

The FP must then report any discrepancies to the Commander / Engineer so that
these may be rectified or, if this is not practical, then entered in the Cabin
discrepancy Log.
10.1 Categories of safety equipment

- Fire Fighting Equipment

- First Aid Equipment

- Signaling Equipment

- Survival Equipment

- Miscellaneous Equipment

10.2 Serviceability check

In order to ensure the serviceability all safety Equipment, a safety preflight check
must be carried out to ensure:
- Proper location and correct quantity.
- Secured.
- Serviceability.

- Expiry Date.
- Cabin crewmembers conducting pre-flight checks are to report any discrepancies
to the Flight purse. The Flight Purser is to report the status of the equipment to the
Commander, who will log any discrepancies in the technical log book.

10.3 Fire Fighting equipment

10.3.1. Hand-held fire extinguisher

(a) Aeroplan shall be equipped with at least one hand fire extinguisher in the flight
crew compartment.
(b) At least one hand fire extinguisher shall be located in, or readily accessible for
use in, each galley not located on the main passenger compartment.

(c) At least one hand fire extinguisher shall be available for use in each class A or
class B cargo or baggage compartment and in each class E cargo compartment that
is accessible to crew members in flight.
(d) The type and quantity of extinguishing agent for the required fire extinguishers
shall be suitable for the type of fire likely to occur in the compartment where the
extinguisher is intended to be used and to minimize the hazard of toxic gas
concentration in compartments occupied by persons.

(e) Aeroplan shall be equipped with at least a number of hand fire extinguishers in
accordance with below Table, conveniently located to provide adequate
availability for use in each passenger compartment.
 Number of hand fire extinguishers

Number of extinguishers
MOPSC

7-30 1

31-60 2

61-200 3

201-300 4

301-400 5

401-500 6

501-600 7

601 or more 8

Number, Location and Type

(a) The number and location of hand fire extinguishers should be such as to
provide adequate availability for use, account being taken of the number and size
of the passenger compartments, the need to minimize the hazard of toxic gas
concentrations and the location of lavatories, galleys, etc. These considerations
may result in a number of fire extinguishers greater than the minimum required.

(b) There should be at least one hand fire extinguisher installed in the flight crew
compartment and this should be suitable for fighting both flammable fluid and
electrical equipment fires. Additional hand fire extinguishers may be required for
the protection of other compartments accessible to the crew in flight. Dry chemical
fire extinguishers should not be used in the flight crew compartment, or in any
compartment not separated by a partition from the flight crew compartment,
because of the adverse effect on vision during discharge and, if conductive,
interference with electrical contacts by the chemical residues.

(c) Where only one hand fire extinguisher is required in the passenger
compartments, it should be located near the cabin crew member’s station, where
provided.

(d) Where two or more hand fire extinguishers are required in the passenger
compartments and their location is not otherwise dictated an extinguisher should be
located near each end of the cabin with the remainder distributed throughout the
cabin as evenly as impracticable.
(e) Unless an extinguisher is clearly visible, its location should be indicated by a
placard or sign. Appropriate symbols may also be used to supplement such a
placard or sign.
10.3.2. Water fire extinguisher “W”

Water fire extinguisher may be used on burning materials (solids) such as paper,
cardboard, fabric, wood or plastics. It can be reused by refilling the extinguisher
with water and replacing the cartridge. Extinguishes the fire by reducing the
temperature.

Pre-flight check:
- The safety wire and lead seal between the neck and the handle is not broken.
- Check through the holes in the handle that the cartridge is inside.
- It is property secured in its correct location.

- Check expiry date.

Operation:
- Rotate handle to the right as far as possible to puncture the CO2 cartridge, which
pressurizes the extinguisher bottle

- Hold extinguisher upright

- Stand as close as safely possible.

- Aim nozzle at the base of the fire.

- Press trigger to discharge.

- Duration 30 sec
- Range 12 feet (3.6 meters)
Precautions
Never use it on an electrical fire.

Do not use it on fuel, oil or grease fires.

Do not drink this water under survival conditions as it contains an anti-freeze
chemical.

The anti-freeze chemical will irritate the skin and eyes. If the liquid comes in
contact with skin or eyes wash the affected area with clean water.

The high pressure of the water may scatter burning paper. When fighting a paper
fire be careful and direct the jet spray around the sides towards the center of the
fire.

10.3.3. Halon fire extinguisher

There are three types of Halon extinguishers (Air Total, Halon (KIDDE), and
BCF), which are the same in contents with small differences in operation and
appearance.
These extinguishers contain liquid Bromo Color Flour under pressure.

The thumb lever and handle are locked in place by a safety pin/safety catch and a
colored pressure gage is incorporated.
These units are easily identified by their bright red color and can be used on all
types of fires.
BCF is a liquefied gas which is discharged in a stream that is about 85% liquid and
15% gas.it displaces the oxygen element in the fire triangle.

Operation:
− Remove safety pin (Halon-KIDDE), Release black or red safety catch (Air Total/
BCF),
− Hold the bottle upright, hand under the handle and thumb on top of the operating
lever.

− Squeeze the handle and lever together and direct the entire agent at the base of
the fire using a side-to-side sweeping motion.

Pre-flight check:

− Check to be in correct stowage (to be secured) and its accessibility at the

indicated location.
− Date (to be valid).
− Pressure gage needle to be in the “Green zone” (Air Total / Halon), check the
“FULL” indicator (BCF).
− Safety pin to be fitted and wire seal intact (Halon) /safety catch (BCF/ Air total).

The duration of these extinguishers is approximately 10 sec. and the range is

approximately 10ft.

10.3.4. Smoke detector system

Aircrafts are equipped with Lavatory Smoke Detector which is ceiling mounted
and provides a warning light on the flight deck and provides a warning light or
audio warning in the cabin readily detected by cabin crew during various phases of
flight.
10.3.4.1. Lavatory built-in fire extinguisher

Each lavatory is equipped with an Automatic Fire Extinguisher under the sink and
top panel of the waste bin, sensitive to 77 degrees centigrade, to extinguish the
expected fire of disposal of towels, papers or waste.
Lavatory fire extinguisher discharges a non-toxic Freon gas through either one or
both heat-activated nozzles.
A temperature indicator is located inside the waste compartment below each sink.
Grey dots on the indicator turn black when exposed to high temperatures. If any
dot has turned black, the extinguisher may have discharged.

Pre-flight check:

- Check expiry date.

- check the four grey dots on temperature indicator label.

10.3.5. Crash axe

(a) airplanes with a maximum certified take off mass (MCTOM) of more than
5700 kg or with a maximum operational passenger seating configuration (MOPSC)
of more than nine shall be equipped with at least one crash axe or crowbar located
in the flight crew compartment.
(b) In the case of airplanes with a MOPSC of more than 200, an additional crash
axe or crowbar shall be installed in or near the rearmost galley area.

(C) Crash axes and crowbars located in the passenger compartment shall not be
visible to passengers.

The crash axe is used to access fires behind panels or other obstructions and to
remove debris from the area of a fire. The spike is a useful lever. The handle is
fully insulated with rubber to avoid injury when in contact with electrics.
Pre-flight check:

- Proper location and secured.

- correct quantity.

10.3.6 Protective gloves/ Asbestos gloves (AG)

These gloves are made of a heat resistant material and worn to protect the hands
and arms when fighting a fire. They are used to enable the user to grasp hot or
burning parts and dampen small fires.
Pre-Flight Check:
- Check to be in correct stowage

- Check quantity

10.3.7. PROTECTIVE BREATHING EQUIPMENT (PBE) /

SMOKE HOOD (SH)

Crew protective breathing equipment

a) All pressurized airplanes and those unpressurised airplanes with a MCTOM of

more than 5700 kg or having a MOPSC of more than 19 seats shall be equipped
with protective breathing equipment (PBE) to protect the eyes, nose and mouth and
to provide for a period of at least 15 minutes.

b) A PBE intended for flight crew use shall be installed in the flight crew
compartment and be accessible for immediate use by each required flight crew
member at his/her assigned station.
c) A PBE intended for cabin crew use shall be installed adjacent to each required
cabin crew member station.
d) The unit is intended for one use only and is not rechargeable.

e) The units are easily accessible for immediate crew use by crewmembers. It is
usually located in the vicinity of the fire extinguisher or adjacent to each required
cabin crew station.

f) PBE units would typically be installed with approximately one meter (three feet)
of each hand-held fire extinguisher.

Precautions:
- Donning the PBE, one may feel light headedness, ears may pop and hood will be
warm.
- Before activation the oxygen cylinders, remove any sharp object (e.g., hairpins)
to prevent puncturing the hood.
- After use, brush hair to get rid of any trapped oxygen.

- Used unit should be disposed in a safe place. Ensure to remove hood away from
fire, Place PBE in a safe place to cool.
After use the chemical generator will be warm to touch but will not burn when
handled. Place the PBE in the sink of an unaffected toilet. Remove paper items and
toiletries. Block off the toilet and inform another crew.

10.3.7.1. ESSEX PBE

Features:

The PBE unit consists of the hood, two oxygen cylinders, rubber neck seal and
LED indictor is located. Inside the hood at the left eye level provides indication for
oxygen activation and depletion. A green light flash on activation of oxygen flow.
However, when oxygen supply is depletion, both green and red lights will flash
simultaneously.

Pre-flight check

- Proper location

- secured
- Check validity

Operation
- Grasp the Y-strap attached to the lid and pull sharply, This break seals.

- Remove the PBE and unfold.

- Grasp the oxygen and snap it apart sharply. The oxygen supply is automatically
activated and a ‘whoosh’ sound can be heard.
- Place both hands into the silicone rubberneck.

- With both palms facing each other, stretch apart to open the rubber neck seal.
- Place PBE over the head and breathe normally. At the left eye level, a green light
flashes indication oxygen flow.
- After 15 minutes duration both red and green flashing lights come on
simultaneously indication depletion of oxygen supply.

To Remove Unit after Use

Place both hands under the neck seal in front, and stretch forward and guide it
upwards and over the head.

Note:

When using PA, Inter-phone or Megaphone with PBE on, place it closely against
the mouth for effective communication. When hood collapses, it also indicates the
depletion of oxygen supply. Proceed to a safe area and remove hood.

Precautions:

- Donning the PBE, one may feel light headedness, ears may pop and hood will be
warm.
- Before activation the oxygen cylinders, remove any sharp object (e.g., hairpins)
to prevent puncturing the hood.
- Absence of the green light or ‘whoosh’ sound on activation of oxygen indicates
PBE is not functioning. Change to another smoke hood.

- Ensure a tight seal with hair well tucked inside the rubber neck seal.

- After use, brush hair to get rid of any trapped oxygen. Used unit should be
disposed in a safe place.
10.3.7.2. PURITAN BENNETT PROTECTIVE BREATHING
EQUIPMENT

The Puritan Bennett PBE is a hood device, which completely encloses the head
with a seal at the neck to protect the wearer from a smoke or fume, filed
environment.
The hood incorporates a chemical oxygen generator which provides approximately
8 liters of oxygen to inflate the hood and a chemical air regeneration system to
extend the oxygen life in the hood to about 15 minutes of use. This air regenerators
also reduces the moisture content of the air and so minimizes the risk of fogging
the visor.
The complete device is secured to the thread to minimize restrictions to mobility
and a large optically clear visor provides a wide field of vision which does not
move its position relative to the head.
The neck shield extends downward from the back of the hood to protect the collar
and shoulders of the user from direct flame contact.
Description:

1. PBE is contained within hard outer case

2. It has an Oxygen regenerator and a speech diaphragm

3. It has a clear visor

4. It protects users from harmful smoke or carbon dioxide.

5. The smoke hood is placed over the head and, when activated provides 15
minutes chemical oxygen from a O2 Generator
6. Theori-nasalmaskdirectstheexhaledbreathcontainingcarbondioxideand water
vapor through the oxygen regenerators where the moisture is removed and drier
oxygen is added for return into the hood area.

7. Breathing through the or-nasal-mask actuates the inhalation valve in the mask to
draw regenerated air/oxygen from inside the hood. A relief valve at the back of the
hood prevents any buildup of excess pressure within the mask.

8. The oxygen starter candle is located at the back of the hood; this discharges its
oxygen supply through the re-generator system to ensure that no impurity from the
oxygen generation is present.

Locations
The PBE is located:

- In the cockpit

- In the main cabin by each cabin crew stations

Operation:
1. Remove from container by pulling red handle firmly, breaking seal
2. Remove from inner casing
3. Shake firmly to open hood

4. Pull hood overhead

5. Grasp straps either side with both hands

6. Pull sharply outwards to activate oxygen

7. Fold straps back against sides of hood

8. Ensure ore-nasal mask is fitted securely

9. Pull protective neck shield down over shoulders, covering back of neck
To Remove PBE:

Push metal strap buckles forward to release them

Place hand sunder neck seal

Lift hood over head

10.3.7.3. DRAGER PBE

- Drager PBE is placed in a grey box.
Pre-flight check:
- Correct stowage

- Proper quantity
- Check Validity
- Yellow serviceable Indicator is not broken
(Behind plastic viewing window).

Operation:

- Remove locking metal clamp to open container.

- Remove vacuum sealed bag and tear Red Strip off.
- Pull PBE overhead from behind in a back to front motion.

- Pull oxygen lanyard to start flow. If this fails, exhaling will activate the main
oxygen generator.

- Tie straps around waist and hips.

NOTE:

Oxygen lasts for 15 minutes.

After Usage of Smoke hood, ensure to remove hood away from fire Place PBE in a
safe place to cool. Ensure to leg after use.

10.3.7.4. AVOX/ SCOTT PBE

Contained within hard outer case (usually a green case) has silver inner covering.
Duration: 15 minutes

Pre-flight check:

- Correct location

- Proper quantity
- Outer case sealed

- Humidity window is sky blue in color

- Check validity
- Secured

Operation:
- Remove from its container, breaking seal
- Pull red tab to open inner casing
- Pull activation ring

- Stretch neck seal and pull over head

- Ensure hood is properly sealed around neck

To Remove

Grasp top of hood either side of visor Pull forwards.

After use:

After use the chemical generator will be warm to touch but will not burn when
handled. Place the PBE in the sink of an unaffected toilet. Remove paper items and
toiletries. Block off the toilet and inform others crew.
Do Not Use the Device If:
The transparent bag has been previously opened.

The bag is soft or does not conform tightly to the package.

The humidity indicator has changed from BLUE to PINK.

If the flow of oxygen is not heard.

10.3.7.5. AIR LIQUID PBE

Some aircrafts are equipped with Air Liquid compressed oxygen PBE. As shown
below. Air liquid is equipped with an automatic activation system a CO2
absorption system and a relief valve.

Duration: 15 minutes
Pre-flight check:
- Correct location

- Proper quantity
- Secured

- Outer case sealed

- Expiry date

- The preflight checks on the AIRLIQUIDE PBE are to check the 2 indicators on
the side of casing. The yellow rubber tag (see on the left) should not be broken as
this would indicate the casing has been opened and the PBE tampered with. The
indicator on the right should be GREEN, not red.

NOTE:

The AIR LIQUIE PBE is the fastest dining PBE on the market. fewer than 8
seconds are required to take hood out of its box
Rip open its sealed cover and put it over the head. The hood does not need to be
adjusted once it is put on.
10.3.8. SMOKE GOGGLES (SG)

These goggles are designed for wearing with quick donning oxygen masks, which
incorporate a purge valve. The lens is replaceable and the transparent face piece
gives a good peripheral field of view. With the oxygen regulator set to
EMERGENCY and the goggles donned and positioned properly over the mask,
pressurized oxygen will flow to the inside of the goggles and all smoke will be
constantly purged.
The goggles are not effective when worn without the oxygen mask.

Pre-Flight Check:

Check to be in correct stowage and good condition.

10.4 FIRST AID EQUIPMENT

10.4.1. PORTABLE OXYGEN CYLINDER
sufficient spare outlets and masks or portable oxygen units with masks distributed
evenly throughout the passenger compartment, to ensure immediate availability of
oxygen for use by each required cabin crew member.
The oxygen cylinder is primarily used to provide first aid
Supplemental oxygen for passenger and crew as a ‘walk around’ bottle after a
decompression.

There are two types of portable oxygen cylinders:

10.4.1.1. Therapeutic Oxygen

Portable oxygen sets are installed on all A/C types. These cylinders are fitted with
oronasal mask and are used for therapeutic purposes and by crewmembers during
post decompression walk around. It has two outlets with continuous flow (HI and
LOW).

Features:

A pressure gauge indicator.

An ‘ON/OFF’ knob.
A carrying strap.

Constant flow outlets calibrated 2 LPM and 4 LPM, depending on the type of
cylinder.
Pre-Flight Check:

a) Check to be in correct stowage

b) Date (to be valid)

c) Pressure gauge to be between 1500-1850 PSI

d) Two disposable masks in plastic bag attached to the bottle

e) Carrying strap is attached

f) Dust caps are on

g) Check to be adequately marked with its operating instructions

Operation:

a) Remove the mask from its plastic bag.

b) Place the cylinder-carrying strap around the neck, ensure the pressure gage to be
in view.
c) Select the required outlet and remove the dust cap.

d) Push and twist the connector into the required outlet.

e) Turn the ON/OFF valve full anti-clockwise.

f) Check the mask indicator (green color) or squeeze the tip of the tube to check
oxygen flow.

g) Fit the mask over the nose and mouth, adjusting the elastic headband, and
breathe normally.

Safety Precautions:

Pure oxygen is highly inflammable and can ignite spontaneously if it comes into
contact with mineral oils and greases. The following safety precautions must be
observed when using portable oxygen equipment:
− Enforce “No Smoking” for four seat rows on either side of and next to the
location where oxygen is being used.
− If time permits remove all grease and make-up from the user's face in order to
avoid skin irritation and burning.

− Check that the oxygen set is serviceable and that the contents are sufficient
before use. The mask and delivery hose must be correctly assembled and securely
connected to the outlet and free of kinks which would restrict the flow of oxygen.

− Have a stand-by set ready for immediate use.

− Masks are NOT gas-tight so an oxygen/air mix is breathed.

- Handle with care. Do NOT allow the equipment to come into contact with any oil
or grease.
− Discontinue using the oxygen bottle when the contents gage falls to 500 PSI.
This will avoid bottle contamination and allow easy refilling by Maintenance and
the bottle can be used for post decompression walk-around by cabin crew.

- During landing if oxygen is still needed secure cylinder and ensure cylinder does
not obstruct passenger egress to main aisle.

CAUTION:
“DO NOT USE A PORTABLE OXYGEN SET WHEN FIGHTING FIRE.”

NOTE (1):
In post decompression cruise the “LOW” flow outlet should be used and the “HI”
flow outlet should be used for therapeutic purposes.
NOTE (2):

Inserting the mask connector into one of the two outlets, with the control valve
“ON”, starts the oxygen flowing. Removal of the mask connector stops it.

Limitations
Min for use 500 psi

Bottle pressure Min for take off 1500 psi

Normal 1800 psi

Duration

120 Lt bottle 2 Lt per min (Lo) 60 mins

4 Lt per min (Hi) 30 mins

310 Lt bottle 2 Lt per min (Lo) 155 mins

4 Lt per min (Hi) 77 mins

 Administering Oxygen to an Infant

− If it is necessary to use a portable oxygen mask on an infant, hold the mask away
from the infant’s nose and mouth.

− Use the “LOW” outlet.

− It is advisable to page for a doctor.

10.4.1.2. Full face smoke mask set

Features:

- This bottle has two outlets, one flows continuously, the other flows on demand.
- It can be used for passengers with hypoxia and for entering a place with smoke.

- Green cylinder with a carrying strap, same as portable oxygen cylinder.

Pre-flight check:

- Proper location

- Secured

- Pressure gage to be between 1500-1850 PSI

- Presence of smoke mask and one disposable mask

- Date (to be valid)

Operation:

For 100% oxygen (demand flow):

1. Turn yellow knob to open
2. Attach full face mask to large outlet
3. Apply full face mask to face (tighten lower straps first)
For supplemental oxygen (constant flow):

1. Turn yellow knob open

2. Attach oronasal mask hose to small constant flow outlet
3. Apply oronasal mask to face
10.4.1.3 Oronasal Oxygen Mask:
The Puritan oxygen masks are provided with the portable oxygen cylinders. They
are packed and sealed in a plastic bag for hygienic purposes.
Features:

- Oronasal mask.

- Tubing.

- An elastic head bands.

- A connector.
- A flow indicator (turns green indication oxygen flow).

Pre-Flight check:

- Tubing is not twisted, cracked or pinched.

- Correct connector is attached to mask tubing.

- Item is sealed in plastic bags for hygienic purpose.

10.4.2. FIRST AID KIT

The mandatory First Aid Kit is to be taken out during an emergency evacuation for
ground use.

“First Aid Kits” are equipped with two seals, one green color seal indicating that
all the items of “First Aid Kit” have already been checked by Medical Center, and
one yellow color seal indicating that “First Aid Kit” has been used during the flight
and shall be checked by Medical Center before delivering to flight.

Pre-flight check:

- Correct stowage
- Proper quantity

- Check validity

- Green color seal

Number: Depending on the number of PAX seats, there are:

a) One kit for A/C with less than 100 PAX seats

b) Two kits for A/C with 100 to 199 PAX seats

c) Three kits for A/C with 200 to 299 PAX seats

d) Four kits for A/C with 300 to 399 PAX seats

e) Five kits for A/C with 400 to 499 PAX seats

f) Six kits for A/C with 500 and more PAX seats

Location:
In all galleys near the exit(s), specified by First Aid sign, and be readily accessible
to the cabin crew.
Any crewmember may open this kit if required (Commander's Permission not
required).

After Use:
All the items used must be reflected in the report and the control form which is
found in every kit. The control form must be returned to the “First Aid kit”.
At the end of the flight, the kit must be re-sealed by yellow color seal in order to be
delivered by staff of catering to Medical Center.

A copy of the list of items included in the “First Aid Kit” will be available inside
the kit.

NOTE:
Please ensure that you check the expiry date of the drugs before administering it to
the passengers.
10.4.3. MEDICAL KIT (MK)

(a) Aeroplan with a MOPSC of more than 30 shall be equipped with an emergency
medical kit when any point on the planned route is more than 60 minutes flying
time at normal cruising speed from an aerodrome at which qualified medical
assistance could be expected to be available.

(b) The commander shall ensure that drugs are only administered by appropriately
qualified persons.

(c) The emergency medical kit referred to in (a) shall be:

(1) dust and moisture proof
(2) carried in a way that prevents unauthorized access

(3) kept up to date.

CARRIAGE UNDER SECURITY CONDITIONS

The emergency medical kit should be kept in under secure conditions, either in the
flight crew compartment or in another locked compartment for use by medical
doctors or individuals with appropriate medical qualifications with the explicit
instructions and authorization of the SENIOR CABIN CREW. Once the SENIOR
CABIN CREW has verified the credentials, the “Medical Kit” should be opened
under the supervision of the medically qualified person. or similarly qualified
personnel. It is silver in color with green cross sign on its door.
Maintenance of emergency medical kit

To be kept up to date, the emergency medical kit should be:

(a) inspected periodically to confirm, to the extent possible, that the contents are
maintained in the condition necessary for their intended use
(b) replenished at regular intervals, in accordance with instructions contained on
their labels, or as circumstances warrant

(c) replenished after use-in-flight at the first opportunity where replacement items
are available.

Pre-Flight Check:
a) Check to be in a correct stowage
b) Date to be valid

c) Seal intact

To use:
a) Break seals
b) Unlock unit
c) Present the “Medical Kit” to the medically qualified person
After use

a) A form is available inside the “Medical Kit” and must be completed by the
person who used it, i.e., qualified medical personnel and SENIOR CABIN CREW.

b) Reseal the unit with seal which is found inside the “Medical Kit” and report
usage of “Medical Kit” in the Cabin Report Form to forward it to Cabin Crew
Department.

c) Volunteering medical assistance shall be ascertained by requesting for an ID or

visiting card or diplomatically ask for registration No. and the medical council he
is registered with. It must be remembered that the person has volunteered his
services.

10.4.4. UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION KIT (UPK)

This kit is used by cabin crew in cases of diseases involving contact with body
fluids.

Pre-flight check:

a) Date to be valid

b) Check to be sealed
10.5 SIGNALING AND SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT

10.5.1. Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)

All aircraft carry ELT which when activated will automatically transmit a signal,
which can be received by a search aircraft.

Transmission range depends on the height of the search aircraft and also on the
type of land the ELT is transmitting from.
When using on land, place the ELT on the highest ground in a clear area to
transmit the signal directly
Activation of the ELT occurs either upon impact (certain G forces) or manually by
an ON switch activated by crew.
ELTs of any type shall be capable of transmitting simultaneously on 121,5 MHZ
(civil), 243 MHZ (military), 406 MHZ (satellite)

10.5.1.1. TYPES OF ELT AND GENERAL TECHNICAL

SPECIFICATIONS

(1) Automatic fixed (ELT AF). An automatically activated ELT that is

permanently attached to an aircraft and is designed to aid search and rescue (SAR)
teams in locating the crash site.

(2) Automatic portable (ELT AP). An automatically activated ELT that is rigidly
attached to an aircraft before a crash, but is readily removable from the aircraft
after a crash. It functions as an ELT during the crash sequence. If the ELT does not
employ an integral antenna, the aircraft-mounted antenna may be disconnected and
an auxiliary antenna (stored on the ELT case) attached to the ELT. The ELT can be
tethered to a survivor or a life-raft. This type of ELT is intended to aid SAR teams
in locating the crash site or survivor(s).
(3) Automatic deployable (ELT AD). An ELT that is rigidly attached to the aircraft
before the crash and that is automatically ejected, deployed and activated by an
impact, and, in some cases, also by hydrostatic sensors. Manual deployment is also
provided. This type of ELT should float in water and is intended to aid SAR teams
in locating the crash site.
(4) Survival ELT (ELT S). An ELT that is removable from an aircraft, stowed so
as to facilitate its ready use in an emergency and manually activated by a survivor.
An ELT(S) may be activated manually or automatically (e.g., by water activation).
It should be designed either to be tethered to a life-raft or a survivor.

The ELT is fitted with the following controls:

- ARM: Activation occurs at cabin G forces automatically

- ON: Manual activation by crew members when removed from bracket

- OFF: ELT is switched off

The ELT consists of:

- an antenna, which has to be manually erected,
- an ON / OFF / ARM toggle switch (pull and slide),
- a float, − a lanyard / mooring line with a snap hook.

Duration:

The ELT will transmit for approximately 48 hours

Operation:

In Water:

a) Release the antenna

b) Attach the lanyard with the snap hook to the slide raft or your Life Jacket
c) Pull and slide the toggle switch to the “ON “position

d) Place the ELT in water

On Land:
a) Release the antenna

b) Place the ELT upright in an area free of obstructions on the highest ground

c) Pull and slide the toggle switch to the “ON “position

To Turn Off Transmission:

a) Pull and slide the toggle switch to the “OFF “position

b) Re-stow the antenna

Caution:

If ELT switched on by mistake, no signal will be sent if the ELT is switched to

‘OFF’ position within 50 seconds.

Pre-Flight Check:

a) Check to be in correct Stowage and in its labeled location

b) Date to be valid
10.5.2 EMERGENCY FLASH LIGHTS

The Emergency Flashlight is high intensity flashlight that is intended for use
during emergencies when a portable emergency light source is needed.

An LED indicator confirms that the flashlight uses ready for use be monitoring
battery voltage and continuity through the lamp. It is waterproof and floats beam
up when in water.
One flashlight shall be located at each required cabin crew station.

Pre-Flight check:
- Correct stowage

- Proper quantity
- LED flashing every 3-10 seconds

- Shield / protective tape intact

To Operate:

- Pull the flashlight from its stowage. This action will also break the shield /
protective tape.
- Light will illuminate automatically.
Note:
- There is no ON/OFF switch; the flashlight is switched OFF when remounted into
the brackets.
- A magnetic switch is activated when the flashlight is removed from the holding
bracket. Turning on the light.
- Once removed from the bracket it remains illuminated continuously.

10.5.3 MEGAPHONE
Airplanes with a MOPSC of more than 60 and carrying at least one passenger shall
be equipped with the following quantities of portable battery-powered megaphones
readily accessible for use by crew members during an emergency situation such as:

- When aircraft power is lost and PA is inoperative, in a smoke-filled cabin to

assist passengers to an exit.

- For crowed control.

 Number of megaphones

Passenger seating configuration Number of megaphones

61 to 99 1

100 or more 2

Note:
Where two or more megaphones are required, they should be suitably distributed in
the passenger compartment(s) and readily accessible to crew members assigned to
direct emergency evacuations.

Pre-Flight Check:

- Press push-to-talk button to hear a clicking sound

- Proper location
- Secured
- Correct quantity

- Check expiry date of battery

- Check to be easily accessible and in its labeled location

Operation:
- Press and hold push-to-talk button

- Hold close to lips and speak into the mouth piece

10.5.4 LIFE JACKET (L/J)

- A life jacket is an inflatable garment worn around the neck and across the chest.
It will support the wearer in a head-up attitude in water. Life jackets are made up
of two buoyancy chambers each with inflation system. The life jacket is secured
around the waist by tapes, which are clipped to a front fastening.

- Inflation is from an integral CO2 gas cylinder and is achieved by pulling a tag
when required. Equipment fitted on a life jacket includes:
- Two mouth pieces which can be used to inflate the life jacket orally if the CO2
systems fails and for topping up if pressure is list. The LJ can be deflated by
pressing down inside the mouth piece with a small object i.e.: - nail/pen.
- A whistle for attracting attention.
- A light powered by water activated battery.

- Life jackets are sealed in a plastic bag and placed in container under each
economy cabin seat or between each pair of first/business class seat and at each
crew station.
- Passenger lifejackets are yellow. Crew life jackets are orange (Bright red).

- The aero planes shall be equipped with a life-jacket for each person on board or
equivalent flotation device for each person on board younger than 24 months,
stowed in a position that is readily accessible from the seat or berth of the person
for whose use it is provided

- landplanes operated over water at a distance of more than 50 NM from the shore
or taking off or landing at an aerodrome where the take-off or approach path is so
disposed over water that there would be a likelihood of a ditching.
10.5.4.1 ACCESSIBILITY OF LIFE-JACKETS
The life-jacket should be accessible from the seat of the person for whose use it is
provided, with a safety belt or restraint system fastened.

Note:

- A fully inflated adult life jacket will support two people. Two –third full inflation
will give support for one person.
- When fitting a life jacket make sure that the inflation toggles at the bottom of the
LJ are kept clear of the seat belt harness. There is a risk of tearing the fabric and
inflating the LJ prematurely.

- When evacuation from a ditched aircraft through a main cabin door, infant the LJ
just before going out of the aircraft.
- When evacuation out of an over wing exit or through a cockpit DO NOT infant
the LJ unit outside the aircraft as movement will be restricted and the life jacket
may be damaged.
- Seat cushions that are designated to float are considered individual flotation
devices.

- When evacuating through an O/W exit or cockpit windows, inflate the life jacket
outside the A/C, as inflation will restrict the movement and damage the life jacket.
Pre-Flight Check
a) Check to be in correct stowage at crew station,

b) Random check in cabin,

c) Date (to be valid),

d) Check to be in a good condition.

Operation

a) Place the Life Jacket over the head,

b) Pass the strap around the waist and clip into the buckle in the front and pull on
the strap to secure,

c) Inflate the Life Jacket by pulling sharply down on both red toggles,
d) If automatic inflation fails, blow into the mouthpieces.
10.5.4.2. Infant life jacket (ILJ)

Infant Life Jackets are for the use of babies up to 2 years. The Life Jacket is fully
reversible. Inflation is from two CO2 cylinders and two mouthpieces are fitted for
manual inflation. A lifting tape with a lifeline and toggle is attached so that the
user can be grasped easily and secured to an adult.

Pre-Flight Check:
a) Check to be in correct stowage and in its labeled location.

b) Check validity.
Operation

a) Inflate the Life Jacket away from the view of passengers (galley / toilet). (The
Life Jacket will have to be deflated slightly before placing it over the infant’s
head).
b) Place the Life Jacket over the infant’s head.
c) Place one leg over harness loop – Pull snug but not tight.

d) Buckle belt around waist and tighten.

NOTE:
In a time, available emergency ditching, the adult accompanying the infant must be
instructed to tie the lifeline on the Infant Life Jacket to his Life Jacket outside the
A/C in water or in the slide/raft. This will assist the crew to rescue the infant in
case the adult is incapacitated in an emergency.
10.5.5. SURVIVAL KIT

Survival kit is a small box containing equipment that you need in order to stay
alive if you are in a difficult or dangerous situation in which you are unable to get
help.

Location:

Survival Kit packed separately and is tied to slide/raft at the door sill end. The kit
should be stowed and kept dry at all time.

The Survival Kit comprises of the following equipment:

 SURVIVAL KIT

Survival equipment First aid equipment

Manual inflation pump Sterile gauze

Raft repair kit Ammonia

Sponge Burn ointment

Water Band-aid

Purification tablets Chap stick

Pen knife/ multi-tool Sea sickness pills

Dye marker Antibiotic ointment

Signal mirror Splints

Day and night flares Bandages

Whistle

Canopy

Slide/raft management guide

Compass

Water proof matches

10.5.5.1. Day/ night flares

These are double ended flares. Which will produce either bright orange smoke
(fore daylight use) or a steady burning red flame (for night use). For identification
in darkness, the cap on the flare end has three raised studs, and the smoke end has a
smooth cap. If the caps fall off the caps fall off the night side can be also identified
by the ring attached to it or by the studs on its neck.
Operation:

- Identify the required end and pull off the cap to expose the firing ring.
- Direct the flare downwind.

- Raise the firing ring and press it over the side of the casing to break the seal, and
pull the ring up sharply to ignite the flare.

10.5.5.2. Dye Marker

- This is a fluorescent dye contained in a bag, which has a tear off strip. When the
bag is opened and placed in the sea, a large area around the raft will be stained
green and is visible to search aircraft at some distance.
10.5.5.3. Raft Repair Kits
A pair of metal plates faced with a rubber seal and held captive on a wire. Unscrew
the wing nut to separate the two halves and ‘sandwich’ the edges of the tear to be
repaired, tighten the wing nut.

10.5.5.4. Signal mirror

Use signal mirrors by continuously sweeping the horizon, rescuers will see this
before you see him.

10.5.5.5. Canopy
Canopy has a hole to collect rain water.

The canopy gives the occupants protection against different Environmental.

Canopy erection instruction are oriented on the pouch and also in the slide/raft
management guide which is located in the survival kit.
10.6 MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT

10.6.1. MANUAL RELEASE TOOL (MRT)

The MRT is used for opening the oxygen mask door in PSU in the event of failure.
It is metal handled and has a long pin at one end for inserting into the access hole
on PSU.

Pre-Flight Check:

-A Check to be in correct stowage

- labeled location, and in a good condition.

Location:
Stowed in the storage compartment of the jump seat located at the crew station in
the cabin
10.6.2. EXTENSION SEAT BELT (ESB)

The extension seat belt is used to lengthen a standard passenger seat belt to fit a
person of extra-large stature. The belt is about 2 feet long with a fitting on each
end, which mates with the corresponding tongue or quick release buckle on the
fixed seat belt.

Pre-flight check:
Proper location and quantity
Operation:
- The extension seat belt is attached to an existing seat belt for extending its length
and is to be offered to passenger when the standard belt does not fit.
- Insert the tongue of the extension into the buckle on the fixed belt then close the
extended belt over the passenger’s lap in the same way.

- Tighten by pulling on the free end of the strap.

10.6.3. INFANT SAET BELT (ISB)

It is a restarting belt for lap-held infant. It is mandatory for use during takeoff,
landing or turbulence. Parents/guardians may also secure their infant on their laps
outside their own seatbelts by overlapping both their hands around the waist of
their infant.

Pre-Flight check:
- Proper location and quantity.
Operation:

- Securing an Infant on an Adult’s Lap by Using an Infant Seat Belt

- It is mandatory that passenger below the age of 2 years who is hand by an adult
must be secured by an infant seat belt

- Pass the tongued half of the adult’s seat belt through the loop on the infant seat
belt, then fasten and tighten the adult’s belt in the normal way.

- Fasten and tighten the infant seatbelt around the infant. In an emergency only the
adult’s seat belt will need to be unfastened the tongue will slip out of the loop and
both placed on the other side, the buckle would catch on the loop, thus impeding
movement and necessitating second operation to release the infant’s belt

- Infant seat belts are to be worn for take-off and landing. At any time at the
Commander’s discretion.
Note:

An infant seat belts may be used as an extension seat belt.

10.6.4. SAFETY CARD

The operator shall ensure all passenger aircraft in its fleet are provisioned with a
safety information card accessible to each passenger, which contains appropriate
information, instructions, restrictions or locations relevant to:
1.Seat belts

2.Emergency exits
3.If applicable, emergency escape path lighting

4.Life jackets (personal flotation devices), if required

5.Passenger oxygen masks

6.Smoking restrictions
Location:

In every seat pocket

10.6.5. EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT LOCATION (EEL) or layout page

Emergency equipment location poster features a top view illustration of the aircraft
and highlighting all emergency equipment and locations.