FIRST AID

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Table of Contents
1 First Aid
2 First Aid Kit (Ref: CAT.IDE. A.225)
3 Medical Kit (MK) (Ref: CAT.IDE. A.225)
3.1 Carriage under Security Conditions
3.2 Universal Precaution Kit
4 Medical Alert Clue
4.1 Breathing
4.2 Pulse
5 Injury on Board
6 Death on Board
7 Fainting
8 Shock
9 Unconsciousness
10 CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation)
10.1 D.R.A.B.C
10.2 Child & Infant CPR
11 Choking
12 Angina pectoris
12.1 Heart Attacks
12.2 Cardiac Arrest
13 Stroke
14 Epilepsy / Fits / Convulsion / Seizures
15 Abdominal Emergences
16 Diabetes
17 Asthmas
18 Hysteria
19 Miscarriages
20 Child Birth
21 Bleeding
21.1 Internal Bleeding
21.2 Nose bleeding
21.3 Wounds
22 Burn
22.1 Electrical Burn
23 Bones, Mussels and Joint Injuries
24 Dislocation
25 Fracture
26 Medical Problem Related to Altitude
27 Airsickness
28 Hyperventilation – Over Breathing
29 Hypoxia - Low oxygen in the tissue cells of the body
29.1 Decompression "SICKNESS"

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29.2 Scuba Diving and Flying
30 Head Stroke
31 Hypothermia
32 Blood borne Pathogens
33 Airborne Pathogens
34 Automatic External Defibrillator (AED)
35 Expectant Mother
36 Blind passenger
37 First Aid Kit Contents
38 In Flight Medical Incident Report Form

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1 First Aid
THE PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE OF FIRST AID
• All flying crew are trained & tested in First Aid before commencing
operations & annually thereafter.
• They are required to know the locations & how to use the First Aid
equipment on board the aircraft.
• They are legally covered during the course of duties as long as their actions
are within the area of competence and training (Good Samaritan Act).

WHAT IS FIRST AID?

First aid is the immediate and temporary care given to a casualty or passenger of
an accident or sudden illness until the Services of a doctor or paramedic can be
obtained.

Qualities of a good First Aider

CARE is the word synonymous to a Good First Aider

C Confident & Calm

A Alert
R Resourceful
E Efficiency & Empathy

THE IMPORTANCE OF FIRST AID TO A CABIN CREW

• To render First Aid in the event of an injury or illness occurring in flight.
• Must have a thorough knowledge of First Aid.
• Be able to exercise their best judgment as to the extent of First Aid to be
rendered in an emergency.
• Keep the passenger comfortable by giving words of encouragement,
showing evidence of willingness to help and promoting confidence by
demonstrating competence and knowledge of First Aid when handling an
emergency situation.

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OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID
• Preserve Life E.g. Stop Bleeding
• Prevent complications E.g. Immobilize Fracture
• Promote recovery

Collecting Of Information Can Be Done By:

Signs Symptoms History

Abnormalities Unpleasant sensation Ask for any previous

discovered from the that the casualty illness & accident.
casualty. complains of: Had an accident
before?
Example: Example: Example:
Color Breathing
Bleeding Shape Medic Pain Headache Thirst What happened?
alert clue Chain Nausea Weak! Dizzy When did it happen?
bracelet -card Where did it happen?
How did it happen

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2 FIRST AID KITS
(Ref: CAT.IDE. A.225)
1. Pre-Flight Check:

“First Aid Kits” are equipped with two seals, one green color seal indicating
that all the items of “First Aid Kit” have already been checked by Medical
Centre, and one yellow color seal indicating that “First Aid Kit” has been used
during the flight and shall be checked by Medical Centre before delivering to
flight. Cabin crew shall check date, green color seal, and number of “First Aid
kit(s)” before boarding.
Number: Depending on the number of PAX seats, there are:
a) One kit for A/C with less than 100 PAX seats,

b) Two kits for A/C with 100 to 199 PAX seats,

c) Three kits for A/C with 200 to 299 PAX seats,

d) Four kits for A/C with 300 to 399 PAX seats,

e) Five kits for A/C with 400 to 499 PAX seats,

f) Six kits for A/C with 500 and more PAX seats.

2. Location: In all galleys near the exit(s), specified by First Aid sign, and be
readily accessible to the cabin crew.
Any crewmember may open this kit if required (Commander's Permission not
required). The "Medical Kit" should only be used when the required supplies
are not available in the "First Aid Kit".
3. After Use: All the items used must be reflected in the Report and the Control
form which is found in every kit. The Control form must be returned to the
“First Aid kit”. No other paper work is required. At the end of the flight, the kit
must be re-sealed by yellow color seal in order to be delivered by staff of
catering to Medical Centre.
Medical Centre will carry out replenishment of the “First Aid Kit” when the
A/C returns to THR.
A copy of the list of items included in the “First Aid Kit” will be available with
the senior cabin crew and inside the kit.
NOTE: Please ensure that you check the expiry date of the drugs before
administering it to the passengers.

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3 Medical Kit (MK) (Ref: CAT.IDE. A.225)

(a) Aero plane with an MOPSC of more than 30 shall be equipped with an
emergency medical kit when any point on the planned route is more than 60
minutes flying time at normal cruising speed from an aerodrome at which
qualified medical assistance could be expected to be available.
(b) The commander shall ensure that drugs are only administered by
appropriately qualified persons.
(c) The emergency medical kit referred to in (a) shall be:
(1) dust and moisture proof;
(2) carried in a way that prevents unauthorized access; and
(3) kept up to date.

CONTENT OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL KIT

(a) Emergency medical kits should be equipped with appropriate and sufficient
medications and instrumentation. However, these kits should be complemented
by the operator according to the characteristics of the operation (scope of
operation, flight duration, number and demographics of passengers, etc.).
(b) The following should be included in the emergency medical kit:
(1) Equipment
(i) sphygmomanometer — non-mercury;
(ii) stethoscope;
(iii) syringes and needles;
(iv) intravenous cannula (if intravenous fluids are carried in the first-aid kit, a
sufficient
supply of intravenous cannula should be stored there as well);
(v) orpharyngeal airways (three sizes);
(vi) tourniquet;
(vii) disposable gloves;
(viii) needle disposal box;
(ix) one or more urinary catheter(s), appropriate for either sex, and anesthetic
gel;
(x) basic delivery kit;
(xi) bag-valve masks (masks two sizes: one for adults, one for children);
(xii) intubation set;
(xiii) aspirator;
(xiv) blood glucose testing equipment; and

(xv) scalpel.
(2) Instructions: the instructions should contain a list of contents (medications in
trade names and generic names) in at least two languages (English and one
other).This should include information on the effects and side effects of

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medications carried. There should also be basic instructions for use of the
medications in the kit and ACLS cards (summarizing and depicting the current
algorithm for advanced cardiac life support).
(3) Medications
(i) coronary vasodilator e.g. glyceriltrinitrate-oral;
(ii) antispasmodic
(iii) epinephrine/adrenaline 1:1 000 (if a cardiac monitor is carried);
(iv) adrenocorticoid — injectable;
(v) major analgesic;
(vi) diuretic — injectable;
(vii) antihistamine — oral and injectable;
(viii) sedative/anticonvulsant — injectable, rectal and oral sedative
(ix) medication for hypo glycaemia (e.g. hypertonic glucose);
(x) antiemetic;
(xi) atropine — injectable;
(xii) bronchial dilator — injectable or inhaled;
(xiii) IV fluids in appropriate quantity e.g. sodium chloride 0.9 % (minimum
250 ml);
(xiv) acetylsalicylic acid 300 mg — oral and/or injectable;
(xv) antiarrhythmic — if a cardiac monitor is carried;
(xvi) antihypertensive medication;
(xvii) beta-blocker — oral.
* Epinephrine/Adrenaline 1:10 000 can be a dilution of epinephrine 1:1 000
(4) The carriage of an automated external defibrillator should be determined by
the operator on the basis of a risk assessment taking into account the particular
needs of the operation.
(5) The automated external defibrillator should be carried on the aircraft, though
not necessarily in the emergency medical kit.

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3.1 CARRIAGE UNDER SECURITY CONDITIONS

The emergency medical kit should be kept in under secure conditions, either in
the flight crew compartment or in another locked compartment.
1. Number: Medical Kit, which contains lifesaving equipment and medication,
is available on Dena Airways A/Cs with more than 250 PAX seats, stored in a
secure location, for use by medical doctors or individuals with appropriate
medical qualifications with the explicit instructions and authorization of the
SENIOR CABIN CREW. Once the SENIOR CABIN CREW has verified the
credentials, the “Medical Kit” should be opened under the supervision of the
medically qualified person. or similarly qualified personnel. It is silver in color
with green cross sign on its door.

ACCESS TO EMERGENCY MEDICAL KIT

(a) When the actual situation on board so requires, the commander should limit
access to the emergency medical kit.
(b) Drugs should be administered by medical doctors, qualified nurses,
paramedics or emergency medical technicians.
(c) Medical students, student paramedics, student emergency medical
technicians or nurse’s aides should only administer drugs if no person
mentioned in (b) is on board the flight and appropriate advice has been received.
(d) Oral drugs should not be denied in medical emergency situations where no
medically qualified persons are on board the flight.

Maintenance of emergency medical kit

To be kept up to date, the emergency medical kit should be:
(a) inspected periodically to confirm, to the extent possible, that the contents are
maintained in the condition necessary for their intended use;
(b) replenished at regular intervals, in accordance with instructions contained on
their labels, or as circumstances warrant; and
(c) replenished after use-in-flight at the first opportunity where replacement
items are available.

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Pre-Flight Check:
a) Check to be in a correct stowage,

b) Date (to be valid),

c) Seal intact.
Should a medical emergency situation arise, either in-flight or on ground,
during embarking, disembarking, transit, etc., a PA must be made requesting for
the assistance of a medically qualified person assistance while simultaneously
notifying the commander of the situation.

3. To use:
d) Break seals,

e) Unlock unit,

f) Present the “Medical Kit” to the medically qualified person.

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After use
a) A form is available inside the “Medical Kit” and must be completed by the
person who used it, i.e. qualified medical personnel and SENIOR CABIN
CREW.

b) Reseal the unit with seal which is found inside the “Medical Kit” and report
usage of “Medical Kit” in the Cabin Report Form to forward it to Cabin Crew
Department.

c) Volunteering medical assistance shall be ascertained by requesting for an ID

or visiting card or diplomatically ask for registration No. and the medical
council he is registered with. It must be remembered that the person has
volunteered his services.

3.2 Universal Precaution Kit

This kit is used by cabin crew in cases of diseases involving contact with body
fluids. At least one kit is provided by Dena Airways for the routes suspected
communicable diseases. Additional kits would be carried at times of increased
public health risk.

b) Date ( to be valid),

c) Check the handle to be marked "OK".

Reference:
Please refer to the chain of survival in the emergency resuscitation section.

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4 MEDIC ALERT CLUES

• Medic Alert Chain

• Bracelet
• Card

4.1 Breathing

Respiration is the rate of breathing.

Normal Breathing Rate For:
• Adult: 16 -18 breaths per minute
• Child: 20 -24 breaths per minute
• Infant: 24 -28 breaths per minute

Signs of Abnormal Breathing

• Shallow
• Rapid or fast
• Heavy chest movement
• Noisy breathing
Conditions Causing Fast Breathing
• Exercise
• Stress
• Fever
• Shock
• Bleeding or hemorrhage or injury

4.2 Pulse

The pulse is the count of the heartbeat.

Normal Pulse Rate For:
• Adult: 60 -80 beats per minute
• Child: 80 -100 beats per minute
• Infant: 100 -120 beats per minute
Pulse Check for Conscious Person Use Index & middle finger to feel pulse.
• Adult: at Wrist or Radial
• Child: at Wrist or Radial
• Infant: at Arm or Brachial
American Heart Association Guidelines on Signs of Circulation
No pulse check required for lay rescuers to determine the need for chest
compressions in CPR (Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation)

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Instead check for Signs of Circulation for 10 seconds in response to the initial 2
Rescue breathing by:
• Looking -for movement, swallowing reflex, and changes in color of skin.
• Listening -for breathing and sound of coughing.
• Feeling -for the expired air with the cheek. Conditions Causing Slow Pulse
• During sleep.
• During rest.
• Head injury cases.

Conscious or Unconscious Unconscious

Pupils of the eyes Pupils are fixed and are reacting to
light. Dilated.

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5 Injury on Board

Cabin crew responsibilities:

• Inform Captain the nature of the injury.
• Inform the Flight Purser.
• Page for the Doctor for assistance.
• Carry out First Aid and record in the observation chart and to be entered into
the report.

6 Death on Board

If a birth occurs on the Company aircraft, Commander shall notify the Operator
station of the aerodrome of intended landing. The station shall immediately
inform the local police and aerodrome authorities and call an ambulance to
ensure immediate medical assistance.
It is the commander responsibility to decide of an immediate landing is to be
made. Such a situation can be considered as an “Emergency “.Refer to 6.4.
Inflight Medical Emergency.
In the event of a death in flight the Commander must advise the relevant ground
authorities, through ATC, of the states airspace in which the death occurred and
also the destination States authorities, if different ,when entering their airspace,
Such as plaice & Operator ground staff.
The Commander shall assure that disembarking does not take place prior to
arrival of the police and physician.

• Inform Captain.
• Move passenger from the deceased if possible.
• Alleviate the stress of family, relative or companion.
• Prevent other passengers from becoming alarm.
• Act with dignity and compassion.
• Secure and strap the body on the seat.
• Place the oxygen mask on the face but do not "on" the oxygen.
• Neatly cover the body from neck down with blanket.

In the event of death on-board, cabin crew has the primary role in responding to
the situation.
Only a medical doctor can formally pronounce a person dead.
If a cabin crew suspects a passenger has died in-flight, then such a case must be
treated as a medical emergency .Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) should be
commenced immediately and continued until a doctor certifies that the passenger
is dead. The SFP/FP in consultation with the Commander will check and make a
record of the credentials of the Doctor who offers assistance.

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 Cabin crew are trained to perform CPR. The CPR should be continued until one
of the following occurs:
1) Spontaneous breathing and circulation resume.
2) It becomes s unsafe to continue CPR.
3) All rescuers are too exhausted to continue.
4) The aircraft has landed and care is transferred to emergency medical services.

5) If CPR has been continued for 30 minutes or longer with no signs of life
within this period, the person may be presumed dead, and resuscitation
ceased.
When a person has been declared dead, or presumed dead, the following
protocol suggested:
1) Move the person to a seat if available, one with few other passengers
nearby. If the aircraft is fully occupied, put the person back into his own seat,
or at the crew’s discretion, into another area not obstructing an aisle or exit.
Take extra care when moving the person and be aware of the difficult
situation which may arise from the companions and / or onlookers.
2) Restrain the person with seat belt or other equipment.
3) Close the eyes, and cover the body with a blanket up to the neck.
4) Request contact information from traveling companions.
The SFP/FP shall prepare a witness report and forward to the Commander
for his signature. The Commander must attach the report with the
Commander Voyage Report for transmission to the CAO.IRI authorities.
At on –line station where the passenger disembarks or deceased is taken
off from the aircraft, the Commander must handover the report to the
Station Manager, who will be responsible for dispatching the appropriate
return to the Flight Operations at Tehran. If off-line station, the
Commander must transmit the report by the quickest means available to
the Flight Operations at Tehran.
The Commander has the responsibility to take necessary action under the Warsaw
Convention to preserve the lives and safety of his passengers.

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7 FAINTING

Signs and symptoms

• Pale face
• Yawning
• Dizziness
• Sweating
• Nausea
• Weak

Treatment Treatment
Feeling faint on seat Fainted on the floor
DRABC Loosen tight clothing DRABC Loosen tight clothing
Head towards the knees Cold Raise the legs Cold compress on
compress on forehead forehead

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8 SHOCK

Causes Signs & Symptoms

• Bleeding
• Pale sweating
• Severe burns
• Cold & clammy
• Vomiting
• Shallow but fast breathing
• Diarrhea
• Allergy
Treatment
• Check DRABC.
• Loosen tight clothing.
• Elevate or raise the legs.
• Keep warm by covering with blanket.
• Nil by mouth (No food no drink)
• Monitor vital signs (breathing & pulse).
• Inform Captain, Purser & page for the doctor.

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9 UNCONSCIOUSNESS

Causes Signs and Symptoms

• Fainting I Head injury No response to questions or
• Stroke I Epilepsy attempts to awake
• Poisoning

Treatment

• Steps of DRABC
• Check for Bleeding and Fracture
• Monitor vital signs
• No food no drink to be given
• If breathing put casualty into Recovery position

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10 CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation)

MAINTAINING THE CHAIN OF SURVIVAL IN CPR

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation or CPR is one of the vital links in the four chain
of survival that must be initiated to a person who collapse before the arrival of
advanced care.
The four important links in the chain of survival includes:
1. Early Access
2. Early CPR
3. Early Defibrillation
4. Early Advanced Care
Although it is an important link in the Chain of Survival, CPR alone cannot fully
resuscitate a person in SCA. Early defibrillation is the third and perhaps most
significant link. Most SCA victims are in ventricular fibrillation (VF), an
electrical malfunction of the heart that causes the heart to twitch irregularly.
Defibrillation, the delivery of an electrical shock to the heart muscle, can restore
normal heart function if it occurs within minutes of SCA onset.
When CPR and defibrillation are provided within eight minutes of an episode, a
person's chance of survival increases to 20% . 1 When these steps are provided
within four minutes and a paramedic arrives within eight minutes, the likelihood
of survival increases to over 40%.

• Cardio PULMONARY RESUSCITATON CPR

Cardiac Heart
Pulmonary Lungs
Resuscitation To revive

How to revive the heart? How to revive the lungs?

By Chest Compression By Artificial Ventilation

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• METHODS OF GIVING ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION
- Mouth to mouth
- Mouth to nose if casualty's mouth is not readily opened.
- Cover both mouth & nose of infant. Ventilate with puff of air from
your check.
- Pocket mask or Ambo mask.

10.1 D.R.A.B.C

• STEPS OF DRABC OR DOCTOR.ABC

- D – Danger
- Check scene safety
- Ensure the safety of yourself & casualty

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• A – Airway
This is to prevent the tongue from
blocking the airway.
Then open the mouth & remove
loose dentures or any foreign
object seen.
No finger sweep to be done if there
is no foreign object seen.

• B – Breathing
Check breathing for 10 seconds by:
• Looking for rise & fall of chest.
• Listening for breathing & coughing.
• Feeling with cheek for expired air.

No breathing
-Give 2 slow rescue breathing

No chest rise -Reposition head &ventilate twice

There's breathing-Put victim into Recovery position

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• C - Circulation (Heart Beat or Pulse)
Check for signs of circulation for 10 seconds.
Look for:
- Normal breathing & coughing.
- Signs of movement.
- Changes in skin color.

If no breathing & no circulation Begin chest compression

ONE &TWO RESCUER CPR ADULT

- Ratio of compression to ventilation -15 -02
- Number of cycles -04
- Depth of compression -11/2 -2 inches
- Hand position -Lower sternum
- Rate of compression -100 times/a minute

10.2 Child & Infant CPR

CHILD CPR
- Ratio of compression to ventilation - 05 – 01
- Number of cycles – 20
- Depth of compression - 1 to 11/2 inches
- Position of heel of one hand - Lower sternum
- Rate of compression - 100 times in a minute

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INFANT CPR
- Ratio of compression to ventilation - 05 – 01
- Number of cycles – 20
- Depth of compression – ½ - 1 inches
- Position of two fingers - Middle sternum (1 finger width below the nipple line)
- Rate of compression - 100 time / minute

• SIGNS OF IMPROVEMENT IN CPR

- The return of breathing & pulse
- Coughing Retching
- Swallowing Movement

• CPR MAY ONLY BE DISCONTINUED IF:

- The casualty is revived.
- The victim is pronounced dead by the Doctor.
- You are relieved by qualified medical personnel.
- You are too exhausted to continue.

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Note: Monitor vital signs throughout the flight. Request medical personnel upon
arrival
• AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION –CHOKING
New guidelines from American Heart Association First Aid

11 Choking

Partial Choking Total Choking

Signs & Symptoms
Able to speak Unable to speak
Able to breathe Unable to breathe
Able to cough Unable to cough
Universal sign of choking hand Universal sign of choking hand
clutching the throat clutching the throat

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Universal Sign of Choking Hand clutching the throat

• Management Of Partial Choking

Do not interfere but observe. Let the casualty cough out the foreign object himself
by:

1) Performing the abdominal thrust 2) Placing his abdomen between

using the fist with thumb side the navel & sternum on top of a
between the navel & sternum. chair as per picture.

Management Total Choking Conscious Adult & Child

- Determine choking by asking "Are you choking, can you breathe, I will
help"
- For a woman who is choking, ask further "Are you pregnant" (If yes
perform Chest Thrust)
- If not pregnant perform 5 Abdominal Thrust inward upward as shown in
the picture until foreign object is out or casualty becomes unconscious.
Management Total Choking Conscious Pregnant or Obese Person
- Perform Chest Thrust
- Encircle your hands from underneath the arms and around chest of
casualty.
- Perform 5 Chest thrust using fist with thumb side at middle sternum.

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Management Total Choking Conscious Infant
Perform 5 Back Blows with the heel of hand between the shoulder blades until
object are expelled.

New Guidelines in The Management Of Total Choking Unconscious Adult,

Child, Infant

No Abdominal Thrust to be done Instead, perform CPR

- No finger sweep to be done if there is no foreign body seen Sequence of

performing CPR in unconscious choking:
- Two initial ventilation and ensure chest rise.
- If no chest rise, reposition the head again and ventilate twice.
- If still no chest rise, begin chest compressions accordingly.
- Open airway by head tilt chin lift.
- Open mouth, check inside mouth for foreign object.
- If no foreign object, ventilate again.
- Repeat until foreign body is removed.

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12 Angina pectoris

MAJOR MEDICAL EMERGENCIES THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

- Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body.
- White blood cells are like soldiers protecting the body.
- ARTERIES are vessels that carry blood away from the heart. CJ VEINS
are vessels that carry blood back to the heart. CJ Blood CIRCULATES--
circles--all around your body in about
- One or two minutes.
- Inside the heart are four hollow chambers.
- Each chamber is a little pump.
- The pumping pushes blood all around your body.

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 • ANGINA PECTORIS
Lack of oxygen supply to heart muscles due to narrowed artery Signs &
Symptoms
 Chest pain.
 Shortness of breath.
 Anxious.
 Pain last for a few minutes.
 Pain will stop if the casualty is resting.
 Common in elderly people.

• Treatment Of Angina Pectoris

 DRABC
 Rest I Relax I Reassure
 Sit reclining or half sitting position
 .Loosen tight closing
 Administer oxygen
 Glyceryl Trinities/TNG or Nitroglycerin ( put under the tongue)
 Monitor vital signs. Check Breathing, Pulse, level of all consciousness,
color & record in the observation chart.

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12.1 HEART ATTACK

Obstruction in the coronary artery by blood clot or fatty tissues or Cholesterol

• Signs & Symptoms

- Severe chest pain
- Pain in arm or arms and throat
- Pain from chest radiates to back
- Difficulty in breathing
- Blue or cyanosed due to lack of oxygen
- Profuse sweating
- Cold and clammy skin
- Sudden faintness and dizziness

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 • Treatment of Heart Attack
- DRABC.
- Administer oxygen (High flow).
- Loosen tight clothing at neck / waist.
- Calm and reassure.
- Monitor vital signs sit up recline seat or half sitting position.

12.2 CARDIAC ARREST

• Signs & symptoms

- Casualty suddenly collapse.
- Unconscious.
- Skin becomes ashen.
- Check via Look, Listen & Feel for 10 seconds.
- No breathing and coughing heard.
- No body movement seen.

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13 Stroke

Impaired blood supply to the brain due to blood clot or ruptured Blocked Artery

• Signs and symptoms of Stroke

Sudden Red or flush Paralyze on Pupils unequal in

severe face one side of size
headache body
Disorientated Dribbling of Blurring of Anxious/weeping
or confused saliva vision

Maybe Loss of
conscious or bladder and
unconscious bowel control

Treatment of Stroke
If casualty is unconscious:
- Maintain an open airway
- Place into the Recovery Position
- Observe pulse and breathing
- Seek for Medical personal and inform Captain

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14 Epilepsy / Fits / Convulsion / Seizures

• Petit Mal
- Seizures are very brief
- Often goes unnoticed
- Requires no treatment

• Grand Mal
- Major Seizure
- Body moves convulsively
- Victim loses consciousness

• Signs & Symptoms of Grand Mal:

- The person becomes rigid or stiff.
- May cry out and falls to the ground.

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- Jerking movement.
- Breathing is slow.
- Becomes blue/cyanosed and convulsion develop.
- Loss of bladder and bowel control.
- Muscles of the jaw tighten and have clenched teeth, which leads to biting
the tongue.
• Treatment -Grand Mal:
- DRABC.
- Loosen tight clothing.
- Direct air vents towards the casualty.
- Do not restrain or hold casualty.
- Remove dangerous things away from casualty.
- Do not force anything in the mouth.
- After the fits ended, put him into Recovery Position.
- Administer oxygen.
• Seek Medical Assistance if:
- Duration of fit is more than 10 minutes.
- Casualty suffers continual fits.
- Casualty has injured themselves.
- Casualty has breathing difficulties.

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 -
SEIZURES IN CHILDREN
Young children and babies do not have a proper body temperature control.
Causes: Signs and Symptoms:
1. Fever, hot flushed skin and perhaps
sweating.
1. Very high body
2. Stiffness and jerking movement of the
temperature.
limbs and body.
2. Ear infection.
3. Abnormal eye movement.
3. Throat infection.
4. Breathe holding.
5. Drooling at the mouth.
• Treatment Of Seizures In Children
 DRABC
 Remove any clothing from the child
 Move the child to cool environment
 Sponge body with normal tap water
 Inform Captain, Crew In Charge
 Page for Doctor

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15 ABDOMINAL EMERGENCIES

Causes: Signs and Symptoms:

• Acute Appendicitis • Severe abdominal pain
(Inflammation or Appendix) • Vomiting frequently
• Perforated Gastric Ulcer • High temperature
• Obstruction on the Intestine • Shock

Treatment Abdominal Emergencies

- Nothing by mouth (no food / no drink)
- Reassure and calm the casualty
- Place casualty in a comfortable position
- Inform Captain, Crew In Charge and page for Doctor
- Observe the casualty closely

16 DIABETES

There are two categories of Diabetes

Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia
High Sugar Low Insulin Low Sugar High Insulin
Causes:
Causes:
• Low sugar high insulin.
•High sugar
• Excessive exercise.
•Low insulin
• Missed a meal. Emotional and
•Stress
physical stress.

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 Signs and symptoms:
• Pale face, Sweating
Signs and symptoms:
• Cold and clammy skin
• Flush/Red face.
• Tremors
• Dry lips.
• Confused, Disorientated
• Dizziness, Faintness
• Anxiety, Restless

Sugar Insulin

Insulin Sugar

Treatment
Hyperglycemia
• This develops very slowly
between 24 -48 hours, so this is
very unlikely to occur during
flight.
• If the person is unconscious, and
is confirmed diabetes, treat as
stated in "Care of an Unconscious
Casualty".
Note:
Do not accept insulin for storage in
the galley ice drawer.
Hypoglycemia
• If conscious, immediately offer
sweet drink.
• Repeat the intake of sweet drink
within 5 to 10 minutes.
• Keep casualty comfortable
• On improvement, advice to see
the doctor.

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MINOR MEDICAL AILMENTS

INDIGESTION (Gas in FOOD POISONING

stomach)
Causes
• Eating too much • Contamination of food by
• Eating too fast bacteria flies.
• Eating too oily food • Poor personal hygiene
Signs and symptoms
• Nausea and vomiting • Severe abdominal pain
• Discomfort and Cramps
• Abdominal cramps.
• Belching excessively (emit out • Nausea and vomiting
gas from the stomach through the
• Diarrhea
mouth)
• Headache, sweating
• A feeling of fullness in the
stomach • weak body and feel faint
Treatment
• Alka Seltzer or Eno's to be
• Take a lot of fluids, such as water
dissolved in water until it fizzles
or weak tea.
and drink immediately.
• Give Charcoal from the First Aid
• Alka Seltzer can be obtained in
Kit.
the Daily first aid kit.
• Rest.
• Soda water helps if Alka Seltzer
• Advise to see Doctor as soon as
is not available.
possible.
• Move around if no improvement.

17 ASTHMA

Causes
• Allergy reaction
• Emotional stress
• Extreme temperature
Signs and Symptoms
• Wheezing sound of breathing
• Difficulty in speaking and whispering
• Coughing
• Produce thick sputum
• Blue or cyanosis
• Distress and anxiety
Treatment
• DRABC
• Loosen tight clothing.
• Sit up leaning forward.

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 • Administer oxygen slowly.
• If Easy Breather pump is carried, advise casualty to commence
inhalation.
• Inform Captain and Purser.
• Seek for immediate aid.

18 HYSTERIA

Over reaction caused by an emotional upset.

Signs and Symptoms:
• Temporary loss of behavior control
e.g. -Shouting -Screaming -Crying -Rolling on the ground
• Obvious over breathing

Treatment:
- Attend to the person immediately.
- Reassure and calm the casualty.
- Remove the casualty to a place where she will be least observe e g. at rear
seat in the cabin.
- Be firm and positive.
- Do not over sympathize.

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19 MISCARRIAGE

MISCARRIAGE
Miscarriage is the loss of fetus at any time before the 28th weeks of
pregnancy
Causes: Sign and Symptoms:
• Fall • Abdominal pain
• Emotional stress • Bleeding per vagina
• Weak womb • Shock and anxiety
• Cramping pain
• Passing out blood clots
Treatment:
• Reassure the casualty. • Monitor vital signs.
• Keep her comfortable. • Breathing, Pulse and record
• Help to apply the sanitary in the observation chart.
towel for her. • Arrange for an ambulance to
• Sit up with knees bent with meet the aircraft
pillows supported under thigh
so as to relax the abdominal
muscles.

20 CHILDBIRTH

Three stages of labor

• First stage of labor
• Second stage of labor
• Third stage of labor

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 1. FIRST STAGE OF LABOUR (12 -14 Hours)
Contraction and expansion of the uterus.
Signs and symptoms
- Contractions at average intervals of 10 -20 minutes.
- Blood stained discharge or "show" if mucous plug is expelled.
- "Waters" flow out in a trickle or a rush (rupture of amniotic bag).

2. SECOND STAGE OF LABOUR (Takes up to two hours)

Signs and symptoms

- Mother experiences an involuntary I' urge to push. Wombs stimulate
stronger, more frequent contractions.
- Pressure on the muscle of the
- Stinging and burning sensation may occur in the vagina as it is stretched.
- Head emerges or Crowning Do not pushes.
- Ask mother to pant for breath.
Baby is born.

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 3. THIRD STAGE OF LABOUR (Delivery, of Placenta)
- The placenta is naturally expelled about 10-30 minutes after the baby born.
- The womb should contract, closing the area to which the placenta is
attached and stop the bleeding.

Signs and symptoms:

- A mild contraction before placenta is expelled.
- Trickles of blood at vagina.
- Lengthening of cord.
- Hard mass felt at womb.

A SIGN OF DELIVERY IS IMMINENT.

• When the pregnant mother complains of:
1. Regular abdominal pains at frequent intervals.
2. Bleeding per vagina or produce "Show".
3. Rupture of the water bag.
4. Flow of Amniotic water.

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• What to do when delivery is imminent?
- Mother gets pain every 2 minutes or less.
- There is a strong desire to push down.
- Place her on the prepared area and cover her with blankets.
- Advise her to relax between contractions.
- Offer ice to suck on if she is thirsty. Do not give food I liquid.
- Continue to reassure her.

• Preparation of Mother
- Prepare delivery area in isolated area of aircraft.
- Cover the floor with blankets partially lined with towels.
- Provide a pillow for the mother's head for comfort.
- Additional blanket for warmth.
- Place newspaper and linen napkin on the floor at the birth area.
- Have portable oxygen bottle available.
- Request Medical Assistance if available.
- Wash your hands, arms and fingernails.
- Reassure and calm the mother.

• Position of Mother
- Place mother in a comfortable position.
- Knees up.
- Cover with blanket.

• Gather together few essentials such as:

- Disposable gloves.
- Plastic bags.
- Warm towels & flannel.
- Sanitary towels.
- Newspapers.

• After Birth
- Prepare bassinet
- Wrap the baby in warm blanket and place in the bassinet.
- Keep the baby's bassinet near the mother
- Place the placenta in the airtight bag beside the baby.

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 • Care of Baby

- Wipe mucus and blood around nose and mouth with clean sterile gauze.
- Wrap clean sterile gauze around little finger and clear the infant's mouth of
any fluids or mucus.
- Show the sex of infant to mother
- Tie name tag at the wrist of mother & infant.
- If the cord is not cut, place placenta in a plastic bag.
- The placenta should be kept above orame level of the baby
- Allow baby to breast feed.
- Cover together baby & placenta with clean towel.

• PRECAUTION TO BE TAKEN DURING DELIVERY OF PLACENTA

- Do not pull the cord.
- Let the placenta deliver naturally.
- Do not cut the cord until both baby and placenta have been delivered.

21 BLEEDING

Escape of blood out from the body. Methods of stopping bleeding:

- Direct Pressure
- Elevate

Indirect Pressure (Press Pressure Points)

• There are 4 Pressure Points:
2 at the Arms or Brachial
2 at the Thigh, Groin or Femoral.

1.DIRECT PRESSURE -Press directly on to the wound

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 - Use thick compress of gauze or wound dressing kept in First aid kit).
- Do not remove wet dressing.
- Apply more gauze &bandage firmly.
- For large wound squeeze the edges together gently and firmly to maintain
pressure.
- Applies mainly to the arm and leg.

2. ELEVATE
Elevate the affected:
- arm/leg above the level of the heart (if no fracture)
- Support the arm If the injury is on the limb and if direct pressure is not
effective, apply indirect pressure to the main artery which supply blood to
the limb.

2.INDIRECT PRESSURE PRESS PRESSURE POINTS

There are Four Pressure Points.
Two at the Arms or Brachial Artery
Two at the Thigh or Groin or Femoral Artery

• ARM -BRACHIAL ARTERY

- Apply pressure by pressing fingers under casualty's upper arm and
compress artery against bone .

• LEG -FEMORAL ARTERY

- Locate the artery in the groin and press against the underlying tone with
your thumb/heel of your hand.

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 - Do not apply indirect pressure more than 10 minutes.

21.1INTERNAL BLEEDING

• Signs and Symptoms:

Discolored or bruised skin or contusion Pain and tenderness in the affected area
Shows signs and symptoms of shock.
- Pale
- Profuse sweating
- Cold and Clammy skin
- Shivering and weak body

• Treatment of internal bleeding:

- Treat for shock
- Reassure casualty
- Cover with blanket
- Elevate the leg
- Give oxygen
- Do not give anything by mouth
- Check breathing, pulse, color &level of consciousness
- Inform Captain
- Page for doctor
- Send to hospital without delay

21.2NOSE BLEED

• Causes:
- After a blow to the nose.
- Breathing dry air.
- Allergies.
- May result from trauma.(Fracture skull in head injury)

• Signs and Symptoms:

Bleeding from nostrils.

• Treatment of nose bleed:

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 - Sit casualty down leaning forward.
- Pinch the 50ft fleshy part of the nose for 10 -15 minutes and release.
- Advise casualty to breathe through the mouth.
- Do not blow the nose.
- Monitor any recurrence of bleeding.
- Send to hospital quickly for prolonged nosebleed. (Greater than 30
minutes).

21.3 WOUNDS

It is an abnormal break in the skin. It can be infected if not taken care or leave
exposed. Wounds are classified as:
1) OPEN WOUND
2) CLOSED WOUND

TREATMENT OF OPEN TREATMENT OF CLOSE

WOUND WOUND (Bruise)
•Control bleeding. •Apply ice compress to the entire
•Prevent infection. injured area for 5 minutes at a time.
•Immobilize the affected part and •Remove for 5 minutes and then
keep the casualty at rest. reapply.

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22 BURNS

A Burn is tissue damage produced by dry heat. A Scald is tissue damage produced
by wet heat. 3 Degrees of Burn:
- First degree burn
- Second degree burn
- Third degree burn

1.FIRST DEGREE BURN

• Signs and symptoms:
- Outer layer of skin affected.
- Redness of skin.
- Pain and swelling. E.g. Sunburn or minor scald.

• Treatment:
- Cool burn area with cold water.
- Apply sterile dressing & bandage loosely.
- Remove metal jewelry.

2. SECOND DEGREE BURN

• Signs and symptoms:
- Involves the superficial part of the dermis layer.
- Skin looks raw.
- Blisters & swelling

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Treatment of Second Degree Burn -3B's & 3C's

BURNING STOP COOL

Put off fire from body by using • Cool body with cold water.
blanket.
• Apply cold compress
BREATHING MAINTAIN COVER
Open the airway • Cover with clean cloth to
Give oxygen prevent infection
Remove loose dentures
BODY EXAMINES , Check for : CARRY
Bleeding. Fracture. Degree of • Transport to Medical Aid
burns. Signs of shock.

3. THIRD DEGREE BURN

• Signs and symptoms:

- Involve all layer of skin.
- No pain.
- Burnt area appears charred and dry.
- Shock due to loss of fluids.

• Treatment:
- Give oxygen for severe or major burns.
- Cover wound to prevent infection.
- Reassure the casualty.
- Send to hospital as soon as possible.

22.1 ELECTRICAL BURN

• Signs and symptoms:

- Collapse immediately.
- Face ashen.
- Breathing and pulse may stop
- There is an entry and exit wound.

• Treatment:
- Switch off the current

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 - If he's breathing normally put into Recovery Position.
- If no breathing and no circulation -start CPR
- No breathing, there's body movement-Artificial Ventilation

23 BONE, MUSCLE AND JOINT INJURIES

• SPRAIN
Sprain is the partial or complete stretching or tearing of the special soft tissues or
bands that hold bones together at joint, called ligaments. occurs commonly at
ankle, knee, wrist, & fingers.

Causes:
- Accidentally trip and fall.
- Foot turns over unexpectedly while walking or running.

Signs and Symptoms:

- Pain and tenderness.
- Swelling around the joint.
- Difficulty in moving the injured part especially the joint.

TREATMENT OF SPRAINS -R.I.C.E PROCEDURES

- Rest the injured part.
- Ice application or Cold compress
- Compress or Bandage injured part
- Elevate the injured part

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24 DISLOCATION

Dislocation is a displacement or separation of one or more bones so that the joint

surfaces are no longer in contact. Example at the shoulder or ankle.

Signs and Symptoms:

- Intense pain.
- Deformity at a joint.
- Swelling, Shock.
Treatment:
- Avoid moving the joint.
- Apply cold compress arm sling.
- Apply a splint and elevate for dislocated ankle and knee.

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25 FRACTURE

Cracked or Broken Bone - It can be classified as :

OPEN FRACTURE CLOSED FRACTURE

• The skin surface is broken. • Skin surface around the damaged
• Broken bone penetrates through bone is not broken.
the skin.

TREATMENT OF FRACTURE

Do not move casualty unless necessary.

- Immobilize the fracture with a splint or arm sling or elevated sling.
- Apply ring pad or other device over protruding bone.
- Send to hospital as soon as possible.

26 MEDICAL PROBLEM RELATED TO ALTITUDE

Ears discomfort
Signs and Symptoms:
- Pain/pressure in the ear
- Fullness in the head
- Feels discomfort

Adult

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Treatment:
- Swallowing
- Yawning
- Chewing
- Valsalva Method: To blowout air through closed nose and mouth,
you can hear the popping sound.
- Pacifier
- Milk or water to suck from milk bottle.

Infant

27 AIRSICKNESS

Signs and Symptoms:

- Nausea and vomiting
- Headache
- Dizziness, drowsiness
- Pale and distressed

Treatment:
- Reassure and recline seat.
- Loosen clothing & open air vent.
- Offer airsickness bag.
- Cold compress at forehead.
- Offer Novomine (dimenhydrinate) tablet\ kept in the daily first aid kit
& to be taken 30 minutes before journey.

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28 HYPERVENTILATION – Over Breathing

Signs and Symptoms:

- Flushed face
- Tingling sensation in face and limb.
- Cramp in the hands and feet
-

Treatment:
- Reassure.
- Allow breathing in and holding for a while and then breathe out several
times.
- If fails encourage to breathe in and out of a paper bag.
- Advise to see doctor to treat any underlying state of anxiety

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29 HYPOXIA - Low oxygen in the tissue cells of the
body
Causes:
- Low oxygen in the cabin
- Chest/lung injury
- Head injury
- Stroke
Signs and Symptoms:
- Increased breathing rate
- Loss vision
- Sleepiness
- Cyanose or blueness of skin, fingernails and lips
- Poor co-ordination
- Impaired judgment
- Light headed & dizzy
- Sweating

Treatment:
- Reassure patient.
- Give oxygen immediately.
- Direct air vent.
- Monitor vital signs

29.1 DECOMPRESSION"SICKNESS"

A condition caused by trapped or evolved gases due to sudden loss of

pressurization Symptoms:
- Pressure pain in an around joints.
- Blockage of Pulmonary indigestion.
- Burning pain in the chest.
- Warm/cold sensations
- Interference of central nervous system results in visual.
- Disturbances and headaches.

Treatment:
- Pain and other symptoms should be relieved after aircraft descent.
- Avoid exercise.

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 - Keep affected area immobile.
- Provide First Aid for shock.

29.2 Scuba Diving and Flying

- Passenger should not fly within 12 hours of a dive of less than 30 feet.
- Passenger should not fly within 24 hours of a dive to a depth more than
30 feet.
- Aircrew should not fly within 24 hours of any dive, as the risk of
developing decompression sickness increases with physical work at
altitude.

Page 55 of 66
30 HEAT STROKE

Symptoms:
- Hot, dry, skin.
- Body temperature very high.
- Rapid pulse and breathing.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Possible loss of lusciousness.

Treatment:
- Move casualty to cooler place
- Cool casualty by sponging with cool water or applying cold packs.
- Fan casualty to promote cooling.
- If temperature starts to rise again. Begin cooling process.
- Give nothing by mouth.

31 Hypothermia

A condition occurs when the temperature of the inner body goes below normal.

Symptoms:
- Shivering
- Decreased breathing and pulse rate
- Loss of consciousness

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 - Shock
- Breathing may stop

Treatment:

- Remove from cold and get to warm place.

- Remove wet clothes and cover with dry clothing or blankets to warm the
body slowly
- Give nothing by mouth unless casualty is fully conscious
- If necessary. Administer CPR.

32 BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

A pathogen is a microorganism capable of causing disease. A risk occurs when a

body fluids is transmitted from an infected person to you. Body fluids, which
transmit this disease including the following:
- Blood
- Vomit
- Semen
- Vaginal Secretions

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Some possible ways of transmission include:
- A prick from a needle used by infected person.
- Human bites from an infected person
- Exposure of broken skin to the body fluids of an infected person.
- Exposure of the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth to the
body fluids of an infected person.

33 AIRBORNE PATHOGENS

- Tuberculosis and Meningitis are the diseases caused by Airborne

Pathogens.
- Airborne pathogens are Respiratory droplets in the air or the transmit
team.
- Tuberculosis (TB), a lung infection, can be fatal if left untreated.
- T.B can be contracted without direct physical contact with a carrier.
- Meningitis is easier to contract than T.B.
- It has a rapid onset and requires quick treatment with antibiotics.

Precautions:
- When administering First Aid, assume all body fluids are hazardous and
adopt practices to discourage the spread of the disease.
- Wash your hands and any exposed skin with soap and water for at least
30 seconds.
- Use protective barrier to protect direct skin contact with any body fluids.
- All personal protective equipment must be removed.
- Hands washed thoroughly prior to resuming regular duties.

34 AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR (AED)

(Shock machine or Heart start machine)

Features:
- Semi automated.
- Portable, compact, light weight.
- Battery powered. ( Manufacturer life spend 5 years)
- On / off button.

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 - Status indicator.
- Display screen.
- Option button.
- Shock button.
- Port to insert in the connect

Contents of AED:
- Electrode pads, integrated cable and connector.
- Shaver and blades.
- I n-flight observation chart.

Care .of chest before applying the electrode pads:

- Remove any allergy patch.
- Shave hairy chest.
- Wipe and dry the chest.
- Check if there is any pacemaker.

AED cannot be used on the following:

• Wet Floor.
• Metal floor.
• In the cockpit.

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 OPERATION OF AED

1. Press the "On I Off "power.

2. Listen to the prompts -Voice message apply pads.
3. Follow the prompts:
A) Apply pads.
B) One pad below left side of
C) The other pad to apply from the right collar bone towards nipple of right
breast.
D) Press the pads smoothly.
E) Insert connector into the Dort.
4. Analyze:
- AED to analyze the heart rhythm of a victim in cardiac arrest.
- AED to recognize shock able rhythm known as: Ventricular Fibrillation or
"VF or quivering or chaotic muscles of heart.

5. Shock:

Delivers 150 joules, non-escalating in a biphasic wave. Energy runs from left
to right pad and again back to the left pad.

35 Expectant Mother

Expectant mothers are not normally regarded as incapacitated passengers.

The table below define the period for the acceptance of pregnant woman.

Duration of Pregnancy Acceptance for Travel

On flights less than 2 hours up to Is accepted without restrictions by Medical Clearance of
and including 34th week her local doctor or company’s air OPERATOR
appointed doctor.
On flights over 2 hours Up to and Is accepted without restrictions by Medical Clearance of her
including 32nd week local doctor or company’s air OPERATOR appointed doctor.

Accepted but treated as Medical Case:

On flights over 2 hours from 32rd Patient needs medical of Approved doctor (in THR),
up to and including 34th week. OPERATOR appointed doctor (in other cities).The MEDIF
form will be valid 48 hours for domestic flights and 72 hours
for international flights.

After week 34 (Single Pregnancy) Not Allowed even if they have obtained medical report
After week 32 (two or more
Not Allowed even if they have obtained medical report
pregnancy)

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Note: For pregnancies with complications, Medical Clearance of the
OPERATOR approved doctors is required.

36 Blind passenger

Up to 4 permanently blind passengers may travel without escorts. Escorts are

required. For more than 4 blind passengers as follows:

Number of Escort (ABP)

Number of Blind or Deaf Passengers
Required

Up to 4 0

5 1

6 to 10 2

11 to 30 3

Total number can be Carrey 30 Persons

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7 First Aid Kit Contents
First Aid Kit Contents
Item Types Dosage Purpose Psc
Tablet 1 or 2
-Pain ( Analgesic)
1 Acetaminophen 325 tablets 8
-Fever (Antipyretic)
10
MGM hourly
1 or 2 Common cold
2 Adult Cold Tablet tablet 8 10
hourly
1 tablet Gastro intestinal tract
3 Aluminum Mgs Tablet when (Anti Acid) 10
necessary
Tablet 1 tablet 1/2 Air sickness or motion
4 Dimenhydrinate 50 hour before sickness Do not give to 10
MGM flight pregnant mother
Tablet Gas in stomach
Dimenthicone 1 tablet 8
5 40
hourly
Bloating Flatulence 10
Activated MGM
Tablet 2 tablets 6 Diarrhea ( Purging)
6 Diphenoxylate 2.5 hourly for 10
MGM adult
Spasmodic or cramping
Tablet pain Dysmenorrhoea
1 tablet 8
7 Hyoscine 10
hourly
(Menstruation Pain) 10
MGM Dysuria ( Pain in
urinating )
Nausea (Feeling of
vomiting) Vomiting
Tablet
1 tablet 8 Pregnant mother can
8 Metoclopramide 10
hourly take after taking food.
10
MGM

Angina pectoris (chest

discomfort) put tablet
under tongue, check
Tablet
after 5 min
9 Nitroglycerine 0.4 1 tablet
Not better, place 1 more
10
MGM
Not more than 2 tablets,
side effect
Hypoglycemia

Page 62 of 66

Page 62 of 66
 First Aid Kit Contents
Item Types Dosage Purpose Psc
10 Anti -anxiety Anti –
palpitation Hypertension
Propranolol Tablet Adult 40mgm (High blood pressure) 10
Migraine ( Severe one
sided headache)
11 Ventalex Puff 3 times in Asthma
Inhaler 1
Salbutamol a day
12 Burn ointment Minor burns ( External
Cream 30 g 1
use)
13 Calamine TC 8 Skin rashes Skin itchiness
Cream 8g ( External use) 1
%
14 Tetracycline Small cuts ( External use )
Cream 15 g Antibiotic cream to 1
Najo3% prevent infection
15 Splint Immobilize Fracture 1
16 Adhesive Plaster To secure dressing of big
wounds 1
Plaster Wide
17 Betadin or
Cleaning of wounds
Povidone Lotion 10 % 1
Iodine
Conforming
stretch 10 cm *
18 Bandage
270 cm
Sprain ankle 5
bandage

Conforming Sprain wrist

19 Bandage 360 cm 5
stretch bandage
20 Cotton wool For cleaning of wounds 1
Universal Precautions
Wash hands with soap &
Disposable
21 water before & after 5
gloves dressing a wound Wear
gloves

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 First Aid Kit Contents
Item Types Dosage Purpose Psc
To stop bleeding of small
22 Euroband Plaster strips cuts example at fingers & 5
toes
Endotracheal To be inserted by a doctor
23 Airway 4
tube
24 Drop Ephrine Nasal Drop Use to treat grip 1
25 Gauze Use to cover wounds 10
For. cutting of bandage &
26 Scissors Stainless steel
gauze
1
27 Gelofen Pain Killer 200 mg Use to relief the pain 10
28 Antiseptic Swabs 5
29 Hand Cleanser or Cleansing Novelettes 10
30 Pad with Shield or Tape for Eye 1
31 Tweezers, Splinter 1
32 Thermometers (Non-mercury) 1
First Aid Manual (an Operator may decide to have one manual
33 1
per aircraft in an easily accessible location)
34 Incident record form 1
35 Resuscitation Mask 1
36 Face Mask 10

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38 In Flight Medical Incident Report Form

1. Flight and Patient details:

Date : Flight : Form : To :

Name : Sex : Age : Seat No:

Patient Address & Tell :

2. Type of Event: Details of Medical Incident –

Sign &Symptom Time of Onset:
Pain Headache Bleeding

Dyspnea Nausea Vomiting

Diarrhea Cough Faint

Paleness Cyanosis Anxious

Confused Convulsion Sweating

Other :
Fracture

3 .Vital Sign:
Pulse Rate : Blood Pressure : Temp :
Respiratory Rate : Other Observation
4. Cabin Crew Action:
Oxygen given? Did patient condition improve?

Medication given? Describe :

CPR performed? Respiration restored? Pulse restored?

Assistance onboard doctor?

Attempt to contact pilot in command?

5. out Come:
Aircraft diverted to the base
Patient recovered before landing
Patient died on aircraft Signature:
Crew member name:

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Intentionally Left Blank

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