Unit 1: Introduction to Machine

Learning

- Prof . Sachin S. Patil

Assistant Professor
D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 1
 Need For Machine Learning
• High-value predictions that can guide better decisions and

• Smart actions in real-time without human intervention.

• To discover patterns in your data

• Make predictions based on often complex findings to answer

business questions

• Detect and analyse trends and help solve problems.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 2
 What is Machine Learning
• Machine Learning is a branch of Artificial Intelligence that
allows machines to learn and improve from experience
automatically.

• It is defined as the field of study that gives computers the

capability to learn without being explicitly programmed. It is
quite different than traditional programming.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 3

 Machine Learning Definitions

• Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) and

computer science which focuses on the use of data and
algorithms to follow the way that humans learn, gradually
improving its accuracy.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 4

 Machine learning Life cycle
1. Gathering Data

2. Data preparation

3. Data Wrangling

4. Analyse Data

5. Train the model

6. Test the model

7. Deployment Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 5

 Machine learning Life cycle: 1. Gathering Data

• Data Gathering is the first step of the machine learning life cycle.

• The goal of this step is to identify and obtain all data-related problems.

• In this step, we need to identify the different data sources, as data can be
collected from various sources such as files, database, internet, or mobile
devices.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 6

 Machine learning Life cycle: 1. Gathering Data
• It is one of the most important steps of the life cycle. The quantity and
quality of the collected data will determine the efficiency of the output.
The more will be the data, the more accurate will be the prediction.

• This step includes the below tasks:

• Identify various data sources

• Collect data

• Integrate the data obtained from different sources

• By performing the above task, we get a coherent set of data, also called as
a dataset. It will be usedProf.Sachin
in further steps.
Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 7
 Machine learning Life cycle: 2. Data preparation
• After collecting the data, we need to prepare it for further steps.

• Data preparation is a step where we put our data into a suitable place
and prepare it to use in our machine learning training.

• In this step, first, we put all data together, and then randomize the
ordering of data.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 8

 Machine learning Life cycle: 2. Data preparation

• Data exploration:
It is used to understand the nature of data that we have to work with.
We need to understand the characteristics, format, and quality of data.
A better understanding of data leads to an effective outcome. In this,
we find Correlations, general trends, and outliers.

• Data pre-processing:
Now the next step is preprocessing of data for its analysis.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 9

 Machine learning Life cycle: 3. Data Wrangling
• Data Wrangling
Data wrangling is the process of cleaning and converting raw data into
a useable format.

It is the process of cleaning the data, selecting the variable to use, and
transforming the data in a proper format to make it more suitable for
analysis in the next step.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 10

 Machine learning Life cycle: 3. Data Wrangling
• Data Wrangling
In real-world applications, collected data may have various issues, including:

• Missing Values

• Duplicate data

• Invalid data

• Noise
So, we use various filtering techniques to clean the data.
It is mandatory to detect and remove the above issues because it can
negatively affect the quality ofSambhaji
Prof.Sachin thePatiloutcome.
, D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 11
 Machine learning Life cycle: 4. Data Analysis
• Data Analysis
• Now the cleaned and prepared data is passed on to the analysis step.
• This step involves:
• Selection of analytical techniques
• Building models
• Review the result
• The aim of this step is to build a machine learning model to analyze the
data using various analytical techniques and review the outcome.
• It starts with the determination of the type of the problems, where we
select the machine learning techniques such
as Classification, Regression, Cluster analysis, Association, etc. then build
the model using prepared data, and evaluate the model.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 12
 Machine learning Life cycle: 5. Train Model
• Now the next step is to train the model, in this step we train our model to
improve its performance for better outcome of the problem.

• We use datasets to train the model using various machine learning

algorithms. Training a model is required so that it can understand the
various patterns, rules, and, features.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 13

 Machine learning Life cycle: 6. Test Model
• Once our machine learning model has been trained on a given dataset,
then we test the model. In this step, we check for the accuracy of our
model by providing a test dataset to it.

• Testing the model determines the percentage accuracy of the model as per
the requirement of project or problem.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 14

 Machine learning Life cycle: 7. Deployment
• The last step of machine learning life cycle is deployment, where we
deploy the model in the real-world system.

• If the above-prepared model is producing an accurate result as per our

requirement with acceptable speed, then we deploy the model in the real
system.

• But before deploying the project, we will check whether it is improving its
performance using available data or not. The deployment phase is similar
to making the final report for a project.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 15

 Types of Machine Learning
• Machine learning is a subset of AI, which enables the machine to
automatically learn from data, improve performance from past
experiences, and make predictions.

• Machine learning contains a set of algorithms that work on a huge

amount of data.

• Data is fed to these algorithms to train them, and on the basis of

training, they build the model & perform a specific task.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 16
Types of Machine Learning

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 17

 Types of Machine Learning

1. Supervised Machine Learning

2. Unsupervised Machine Learning

3. Semi-Supervised Machine Learning

4. Reinforcement Learning

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 18

 Types of Machine Learning

• 1. Supervised Machine Learning

• As its name suggests, Supervised Machine Learning is based
on supervision.
• It means in the supervised learning technique, we train the
machines using the "labelled" dataset, and based on the
training, the machine predicts the output. Here, the labelled
data specifies that some of the inputs are already mapped to
the output.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 19
 Types of Machine Learning

• 1. Supervised Machine Learning

• The main goal of the supervised learning technique is to
map the input variable(x) with the output variable(y).

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 20

 Categories of Supervised Machine Learning

• Categories of Supervised Machine Learning

• Supervised machine learning can be classified into two types of

problems, which are given below:

• Classification

• Regression

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 21

 Categories of Supervised Machine Learning
• Classification
• Classification algorithms are used to solve the classification problems in
which the output variable is categorical, such as "Yes" or No, Male or
Female, Red or Blue, etc.

• The classification algorithms predict the categories present in the

dataset.

• Some real-world examples of classification algorithms are Spam

Detection, Email filtering, etc.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 22
 Categories of Supervised Machine Learning
• Some popular classification algorithms are given below:
• Random Forest Algorithm

• Decision Tree Algorithm

• Logistic Regression Algorithm

• Support Vector Machine Algorithm

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 23

 Categories of Supervised Machine Learning
• Regression
• Regression algorithms are used to solve regression problems in which
there is a linear relationship between input and output variables.
These are used to predict continuous output variables, such as
market trends, weather prediction, etc.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 24

 Categories of Supervised Machine Learning

• Some popular Regression algorithms are given below:

• Simple Linear Regression Algorithm

• Multivariate Regression Algorithm

• Decision Tree Algorithm

• Lasso Regression

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 25

 Advantages of Supervised Learning
• Advantages:
• Since supervised learning work with the labelled dataset so we can
have an exact idea about the classes of objects.

• These algorithms are helpful in predicting the output on the basis of

prior experience.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 26

 Disadvantages of Supervised Learning
• Disadvantages:
• These algorithms are not able to solve complex tasks.

• It may predict the wrong output if the test data is different from the
training data.

• It requires lots of computational time to train the algorithm.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 27

 Applications of Supervised Learning
• Some common applications of Supervised Learning are given below:

• Image Segmentation:
Supervised Learning algorithms are used in image segmentation.
In this process, image classification is performed on different image
data with pre-defined labels.

• Medical Diagnosis:

Supervised algorithms are also used in the medical field for

diagnosis purposes. Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 28

 Applications of Supervised Learning
• Fraud Detection - Supervised Learning classification algorithms are
used for identifying fraud transactions, fraud customers, etc.
• It is done by using historic data to identify the patterns that can lead
to possible fraud.
• Spam detection - In spam detection & filtering, classification
algorithms are used.
• These algorithms classify an email as spam or not spam. The spam
emails are sent to the spam folder.
• Speech Recognition - Supervised learning algorithms are also used in
speech recognition. The algorithm is trained with voice data, and
various identifications can be done using the same, such as voice-
activated passwords, voice commands,
Prof.Sachin etc.Ambi Pune
Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University 29
 Unsupervised Machine Learning

• Unsupervised Learning is different from the Supervised learning

technique; as its name suggests, there is no need for supervision.

• It means, in unsupervised machine learning, the machine is trained

using the unlabeled dataset, and the machine predicts the output
without any supervision.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 30

 Unsupervised Machine Learning
• In unsupervised learning, the models are trained with the data that is
neither classified nor labelled, and the model acts on that data
without any supervision.

• The main aim of the unsupervised learning algorithm is to group or

categories the unsorted dataset according to the similarities,
patterns, and differences. Machines are instructed to find the
hidden patterns from the input dataset.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 31
Categories of Unsupervised Machine Learning

• Unsupervised Learning can be further classified into two types, which

are given below:

• Clustering

• Association

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 32

Categories of Unsupervised Machine Learning
• 1) Clustering
• The clustering technique is used when we want to find the inherent
groups from the data. It is a way to group the objects into a cluster
such that the objects with the most similarities remain in one group
and have fewer or no similarities with the objects of other groups.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 33

 Some of the popular clustering algorithms are
given below:

• K-Means Clustering algorithm

• Mean-shift algorithm

• DBSCAN Algorithm

• Principal Component Analysis

• Independent Component Analysis

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 34

 Categories of Unsupervised Machine Learning
• 2) Association
• Association rule learning is an unsupervised learning technique,
which finds interesting relations among variables within a large
dataset.

• The main aim of this learning algorithm is to find the dependency of

one data item on another data item and map those variables
accordingly so that it can generate maximum profit.

• This algorithm is mainly applied in Market Basket analysis, Web

usage mining, continuous production, etc.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 35
Categories of Unsupervised Machine Learning

• Some popular algorithms of Association rule learning are

• Apriori Algorithm,

• Eclat,

• FP-growth algorithm.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 36

 Advantages Unsupervised Machine Learning
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Unsupervised Learning Algorithm
• Advantages:
• These algorithms can be used for complicated tasks compared to the
supervised ones because these algorithms work on the unlabeled
dataset.

• Unsupervised algorithms are preferable for various tasks as getting

the unlabeled dataset is easier as compared to the labelled dataset.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 37
Disadvantages of Unsupervised Machine Learning
• Disadvantages:
• The output of an unsupervised algorithm can be less accurate as the
dataset is not labelled, and algorithms are not trained with the exact
output in prior.

• Working with Unsupervised learning is more difficult as it works with

the unlabelled dataset that does not map with the output.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 38

 Applications of Unsupervised Learning

• Network Analysis: Unsupervised learning is used for identifying

plagiarism and copyright in document network analysis of text data for
scholarly articles.

• Recommendation Systems: Recommendation systems widely use

unsupervised learning techniques for building recommendation
applications for different web applications and e-commerce websites.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 39

 Applications of Unsupervised Learning
• Anomaly Detection: Anomaly detection is a popular application of
unsupervised learning, which can identify unusual data points within
the dataset. It is used to discover fraudulent transactions.

• Singular Value Decomposition: Singular Value Decomposition or SVD

is used to extract particular information from the database. For
example, extracting information of each user located at a particular
location.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 40

 Semi-Supervised Learning

• Semi-Supervised learning is a type of Machine Learning algorithm

that lies between Supervised and Unsupervised machine learning.

• It represents the intermediate ground between Supervised (With

Labelled training data) and Unsupervised learning (with no labelled
training data) algorithms and uses the combination of labelled and
unlabeled datasets during the training period.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 41

 Semi-Supervised Learning
• To overcome the drawbacks of supervised learning and unsupervised
learning algorithms, the concept of Semi-supervised learning is introduced.

• The main aim of Semi Supervised Learning is to effectively use all the
available data, rather than only labelled data like in supervised learning.

• Initially, similar data is clustered along with an unsupervised learning

algorithm, and further, it helps to label the unlabeled data into labelled
data. It is because labelled data is a comparatively more expensive
acquisition than unlabeled data.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 42
 Advantages of Semi-supervised Learning

• Advantages:

• It is simple and easy to understand the algorithm.

• It is highly efficient.

• It is used to solve drawbacks of Supervised and Unsupervised Learning

algorithms.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 43

 Disadvantages of Semi-supervised Learning

• Iterations results may not be stable.

• We cannot apply these algorithms to network-level data.

• Accuracy is low.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 44

 Reinforcement Learning

• Reinforcement learning works on a feedback-based process, in

which an AI agent (A software component) automatically explore its
surrounding by hitting & trail, taking action, learning from
experiences, and improving its performance.

• Agent gets rewarded for each good action and get punished for each
bad action; hence the goal of reinforcement learning agent is to
maximize the rewards.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 45
 Reinforcement Learning
• In reinforcement learning, there is no labelled data like supervised learning,
and agents learn from their experiences only.

• The reinforcement learning process is similar to a human being; for

example, a child learns various things by experiences in his day-to-day life.
An example of reinforcement learning is to play a game, where the Game is
the environment, moves of an agent at each step define states, and the goal
of the agent is to get a high score.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 46

 Reinforcement Learning

• Agent receives feedback in terms of punishment and rewards.

• Due to its way of working, reinforcement learning is employed in

different fields such as Game theory, Operation Research,
Information theory, multi-agent systems.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 47

 Reinforcement Learning

• A reinforcement learning problem can be formalized using Markov

Decision Process(MDP).

• In MDP, the agent constantly interacts with the environment and

performs actions; at each action, the environment responds and
generates a new state.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 48

 Categories of Reinforcement Learning
• Reinforcement learning is categorized mainly into two types of
methods/algorithms:
• Positive Reinforcement Learning: Positive reinforcement learning specifies
increasing the tendency that the required behavior would occur again by
adding something. It enhances the strength of the behavior of the agent
and positively impacts it.

• Negative Reinforcement Learning: Negative reinforcement learning works

exactly opposite to the positive RL. It increases the tendency that the
specific behavior would occur again by avoiding the negative condition.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 49
Real-world Use cases of Reinforcement Learning
• Video Games:
• RL algorithms are much popular in gaming applications.
• It is used to gain super-human performance.
• Some popular games that use RL algorithms are AlphaGO and AlphaGO Zero.

• Resource Management:
The "Resource Management with Deep Reinforcement Learning" paper showed
that how to use RL in computer to automatically learn and schedule resources to
wait for different jobs in order to minimize average job slowdown

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 50

Real-world Use cases of Reinforcement Learning
• Robotics:

• RL is widely being used in Robotics applications. Robots are used in the industrial
and manufacturing area, and these robots are made more powerful with
reinforcement learning.

• There are different industries that have their vision of building intelligent robots
using AI and Machine learning technology.

• Text Mining
Text-mining, one of the great applications of NLP, is now being implemented with
the help of ReinforcementProf.Sachin
Learning by Salesforce company.
Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 51
 Advantages of Reinforcement Learning

• Advantages
• It helps in solving complex real-world problems which are difficult to
be solved by general techniques.

• The learning model of RL is similar to the learning of human beings;

hence most accurate results can be found.

• Helps in achieving long term results.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 52

 Disadvantages of Reinforcement Learning
• Disadvantage
• RL algorithms are not preferred for simple problems.

• RL algorithms require huge data and computations.

• Too much reinforcement learning can lead to an overload of states

which can weaken the results.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 53

 Type Of Problems Solved Using Machine Learning
• 1. Identifying Spam
• Spam identification is one of the most basic applications of machine
learning. Most of our email inboxes also have an unsolicited, bulk, or
spam inbox, where our email provider automatically filters unwanted
spam emails.

• They use a trained Machine Learning model to identify all the spam
emails based on common characteristics such as the email, subject, and
sender content.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 54
Type Of Problems Solved Using Machine Learning
• 2. Making Product Recommendations
• Recommender systems are one of the most characteristic and
ubiquitous machine learning use cases in day-to-day life.

• These systems are used everywhere by search engines, e-commerce

websites (Amazon), entertainment platforms (Google Play, Netflix),
and multiple web & mobile apps.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 55

Type Of Problems Solved Using Machine Learning
• 3. Customer Segmentation
• Customer segmentation, churn prediction and customer lifetime
value (LTV) prediction are the main challenges faced by any marketer.

• Businesses have a huge amount of marketing relevant data from

various sources such as email campaigns, website visitors and lead
data.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 56

 Type Of Problems Solved Using Machine Learning
• 4. Image & Video Recognition
• Advances in deep learning (a subset of machine learning) have
stimulated rapid progress in image & video recognition techniques
over the past few years.

• They are used for multiple areas, including object detection, face
recognition, text detection, visual search, logo and landmark
detection, and image composition.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 57
 Type Of Problems Solved Using Machine Learning
• 5. Fraudulent Transactions
• Fraudulent banking transactions are quite a common occurrence
today.

• However, it is not feasible (in terms of cost involved and efficiency) to

investigate every transaction for fraud, translating to a poor
customer service experience.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 58

 Type Of Problems Solved Using Machine Learning
• 6. Demand Forecasting
• The concept of demand forecasting is used in multiple industries,
from retail and e-commerce to manufacturing and transportation.

• It feeds historical data to Machine Learning algorithms and models to

predict the number of products, services, power, and more.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 59

 Type Of Problems Solved Using Machine Learning
• 7. Virtual Personal Assistant
• From Alexa and Google Assistant to Cortana and Siri, we have
multiple virtual personal assistants to find accurate information using
our voice instruction, such as calling someone, opening an email,
scheduling an appointment, and more.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 60

Type Of Problems Solved Using Machine Learning
• 8. Sentiment Analysis
• Sentiment analysis is one of the beneficial and real-time machine
learning applications that help determine the emotion or opinion of
the speaker or the writer.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 61

Type Of Problems Solved Using Machine Learning
• 9. Customer Service Automation
• Managing an increasing number of online customer interactions has
become a pain point for most businesses.

• It is because they simply don’t have the customer support staff

available to deal with the sheer number of inquiries they receive
daily.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 62

Type Of Problems Solved Using Machine Learning
• 10. Wrapping Up
• As advancements in machine learning evolve, the range of use cases
and applications of machine learning too will expand.

• To effectively navigate the business issues in this new decade, it’s

worth keeping an eye on how machine learning applications can be
deployed across business domains to reduce costs, improve
efficiency and deliver better user experiences.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 63
 Job Roles in Machine Learning
• Machine Learning Engineer
• Machine Learning Engineer is one of the most popular positions in the
machine learning industry, and to find many roles with this exact title during
your job search.

• These engineers design and implement machine learning models, expand and
optimize data pipelines and data delivery, and assemble large, complex data
sets.

• Models developed by Machine Learning Engineers are used to reveal trends

and predictions that can help companies meet business objectives and goals.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 64

https://www.codecademy.com/resources/blog/popular-jobs-in-machine-
 Job Roles in Machine Learning
• 2. Robotics Engineer
• Robotics Engineers have a huge advantage if they also have a
machine learning background. Robots are often driven by either the
need to emulate human behavior or to maximize the efficiency with
which something can be done. So as a Robotics Engineer, you might
help develop a robot’s computer vision, which would enable it to
interpret and understand the visual world around it, and then make
accurate — and safe — decisions.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 65
 Job Roles in Machine Learning
• 3. Natural Language Processing (NLP) Scientist
• A Natural Language Processing Scientist uses algorithms to pinpoint
natural language rules, and then use them to enable computers to speak
and understand the language.
• Machine learning makes this easier because you can design an algorithm
that discovers and tests patterns for you — so you don’t have to do it
manually or with elaborate spreadsheets.
• In a way, a Natural Language Processing Scientist builds bridges between
languages and machines, making it possible for machines to understand
people and vice-versa.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 66

 Job Roles in Machine Learning
• 4. Software Developer
• Software Developers design and build applications for mobile and
desktop use, as well as the underlying operating systems.

• Machine learning can help Software Developers analyze data to

predict how users will react to certain features of an application,
design models that output data according to what users want to see,
and create programs that enable chatbots to interact with end-users
in more natural ways.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 67
 Job Roles in Machine Learning
• 5. Data Scientist
• A Data Scientist analyzes, processes, models, and interprets data to
help create actionable plans and guide business decisions for
companies and organizations.

• As a Data Scientist, you have the potential to be one of the most

useful team members in your company, largely because your ideas
and suggestions are backed by hard data.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 68

 Job Roles in Machine Learning
• 6. Cybersecurity Analyst
• Cybersecurity Analysts are in charge of figuring out the best ways to
defend a company’s digital infrastructure and assets.

• This involves using many different technologies and can be far easier
with machine learning.

• This is because a Cybersecurity Analyst has to collect and study large

amounts of data that reflect the vulnerabilities and threats a
company may face.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 69
 Job Roles in Machine Learning
• 7. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Engineer
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) Engineer is another position in which
machine learning can be used.

• Since machine learning is a subset of AI, there are many AI Engineers

with expertise in machine learning tools and applications.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 70

Applications of Machine learning

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 71

 Applications of Machine learning
• 1. Image Recognition:
• Image recognition is one of the most common applications of
machine learning. It is used to identify objects, persons, places, digital
images, etc. The popular use case of image recognition and face
detection is, Automatic friend tagging suggestion:

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 72

 Applications of Machine learning

• 1. Image Recognition:

• Facebook provides us a feature of auto friend tagging suggestion.

Whenever we upload a photo with our Facebook friends, then we
automatically get a tagging suggestion with name, and the technology
behind this is machine learning's face detection and recognition
algorithm.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 73

 Applications of Machine learning
• 2. Speech Recognition
• While using Google, we get an option of "Search by voice," it comes under
speech recognition, and it's a popular application of machine learning.

• Speech recognition is a process of converting voice instructions into text,

and it is also known as "Speech to text", or "Computer speech
recognition." At present, machine learning algorithms are widely used by
various applications of speech recognition. Google assistant, Siri, Cortana,
and Alexa are using speech recognition technology to follow the voice
instructions.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 74
 Applications of Machine learning
• 3. Traffic prediction:
• If we want to visit a new place, we take help of Google Maps, which
shows us the correct path with the shortest route and predicts the
traffic conditions.
• It predicts the traffic conditions such as whether traffic is cleared,
slow-moving, or heavily congested with the help of two ways:
• Real Time location of the vehicle form Google Map app and sensors
• Average time has taken on past days at the same time.
• Everyone who is using Google Map is helping this app to make it
better. It takes information from the user and sends back to its
database to improveProf.Sachin
theSambhaji
performance.
Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 75
 Applications of Machine learning
• 4. Product recommendations:
• Machine learning is widely used by various e-commerce and
entertainment companies such as Amazon, Netflix, etc., for product
recommendation to the user. Whenever we search for some product
on Amazon, then we started getting an advertisement for the same
product while internet surfing on the same browser and this is
because of machine learning.

• Google understands the user interest using various machine learning

algorithms and suggests the product as per customer interest.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 76
 Applications of Machine learning
• 5. Self-driving cars:
• One of the most exciting applications of machine learning is self-
driving cars.

• Machine learning plays a significant role in self-driving cars. Tesla, the

most popular car manufacturing company is working on self-driving
car.

• It is using unsupervised learning method to train the car models to

detect people and objects while driving.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 77
 Applications of Machine learning
• 6. Email Spam and Malware Filtering:
• Whenever we receive a new email, it is filtered automatically as
important, normal, and spam. We always receive an important mail in
our inbox with the important symbol and spam emails in our spam
box, and the technology behind this is Machine learning. Below are
some spam filters used by Gmail:
• Content Filter
• Header filter
• General blacklists filter
• Rules-based filters
• Permission filters Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 78
 Applications of Machine learning
• 7. Virtual Personal Assistant:
• We have various virtual personal assistants such as Google
assistant, Alexa, Cortana, Siri.

• As the name suggests, they help us in finding the information using

our voice instruction.

• These assistants can help us in various ways just by our voice

instructions such as Play music, call someone, Open an email,
Scheduling an appointment, etc.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 79

 Applications of Machine learning
• 8. Online Fraud Detection:
• Machine learning is making our online transaction safe and secure by
detecting fraud transaction.

• Whenever we perform some online transaction, there may be various

ways that a fraudulent transaction can take place such as fake
accounts, fake ids, and steal money in the middle of a transaction.

• So to detect this, Feed Forward Neural network helps us by checking

whether it is a genuine transaction or a fraud transaction.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 80

 Applications of Machine learning
• 9. Stock Market trading:
• Machine learning is widely used in stock market trading.

• In the stock market, there is always a risk of up and downs in shares,

so for this machine learning's long short term memory neural
network is used for the prediction of stock market trends.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 81

 Applications of Machine learning
• 10. Medical Diagnosis:
• In medical science, machine learning is used for diseases diagnoses.
With this, medical technology is growing very fast and able to build 3D
models that can predict the exact position of lesions in the brain.

• It helps in finding brain tumors and other brain-related diseases

easily.

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 82

 Applications of Machine learning
• 11. Automatic Language Translation:
• Nowadays, if we visit a new place and we are not aware of the language
then it is not a problem at all, as for this also machine learning helps us by
converting the text into our known languages.

• Google's GNMT (Google Neural Machine Translation) provide this feature,

which is a Neural Machine Learning that translates the text into our
familiar language, and it called as automatic translation.

• The technology behind the automatic translation is a sequence to

sequence learning algorithm, which is used with image recognition and
translates the text from one language to another language.
Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 83
Thank You

Prof.Sachin Sambhaji Patil , D.Y.Patil University Ambi Pune 84