1.1 Chemical Management and Cradle To Grave

SAFETY IN THE
USE OF
CHEMICAL
TOPIC 1.1:
Chemical Management
& Cradle To Grave
Concept
2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
 Upon completion of this chapter, participants
will be able to:
© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

3
Cradle to Grave Concept

 Environmentally sound management of
hazardous chemicals requires proper
management of chemicals from
manufacture to disposal.
 From creation to disposal; throughout
the life cycle of chemical
 In other words; Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)

4
Cradle to Grave

5
Cradle to Grave Scope

1) Manufacturing & Production
2) Purchasing
3) Transportation
4) Receiving & Internal Transportation
5) Storage
6) Usage and Handling
7) Disposal

6
Safe Management of Chemical

 Management should know all the
chemicals being used in the workplace;
 Workers should know the hazards
associated with the chemicals they work
with and should be trained in the
necessary precautions;
 Workplace should be designed or
adapted to the needs of the worker.

7
MANUFACTURING
&
PRODUCTION

8
1) Manufacturing & Production

 Approximately 1000 chemicals entering
market every years
 100,000 chemicals being used worldwide
 Most of chemicals used are mixed
chemicals
 1 to 2 millions are commercial products

9
Manufacturer’s Responsibility
 Manufacturers must ensure the safety of their
own employees and the safety of their products.
 Manufacturer must develop a Safety Data Sheet

(SDS); and
 Ensure that SDSs (including product has proper

classification, labelling and packing) are sent to
customers in accordance with the regulatory
requirements.

10
Manufacturer’s Responsibility
 Manufacturer to manage processing as
per requirements and ALARP concept.
 Manufacturer to manage transportation
of hazardous chemical

11
2) Purchasing
 New chemical purchase to be endorsed by
related Department for approval.
 Purchaser to insist on requirement CPL Reg. 1997
& CLASS Reg.
 To add requirement into “Purchase Order”
 Purchaser to specify additional requirement
based on company’s requirement.

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TRANSPORTATION

13
3) Transportation
 The transportation of chemicals includes
movement of materials from site to site and
within a site.
 A major transportation concern is the potential

health and environmental hazards associated
with spills resulting from dropping or vehicle
accidents.

14
Risk of Spillage
• Goods are not properly packed
• Handling (loading, unloading, etc) is done
without reference to the contents
• Fire, either the load or the vehicle is burning

• Road accident
• Defected tightness or incomplete closing of
valves and connections
15
Transportation Safety
 Commitment from different sectors :
 the package designers and manufactures;
 the consignor;
 the transport workers/carriers
 consignees; and
 the regulatory authorities

16
HAZCHEM Safety Placard

 Introducedby British Fire Service to assist first
responder to react during emergencies

17
HAZCHEM Safety Placard:

What You Should Know?
 Product name
 UN Number
 HAZCHEM Code
 Hazard warning sign Product Name
 Emergency numbers
UN No Diom ond
w arning sign
and class
HAZCHEM
Fire Dept : 994 Specialist Advice
Police : 999 00-000-0000

18
HAZCHEM PLACARD
 Three character of HAZCHEM Code explain the
following:
LIQUID NITROGEN
1977 2RE
2RE
Fire Dept : 994 MALAYSIAN OXYGEN BHD
Police : 999 00-000-0000

19
HAZCHEM Code 1
1- Water jet
2 - Water fog/ coarse spray
3 - Foam
4 - Dry agent 2
4 3

20
HAZCHEM Code

21
HAZCHEM Code

22
RECEIVING

23
4) Receiving
 Measurement to be made upon receiving of chemical
 Verification of consignment/shipment
 Integrity of package
 Packaging & Labelling of package
 Information: Chemical Safety Data Sheet
 Right chemical and facilities-PPE, Area
 Trained and Experienced Employee
 Direct to proper storage area

24
Verification of Consignment
 The purpose is simply to ensure ‘what is ordered
is delivered’ in order to avoid delivery mixed-
up by the supplier.
 Does the chemical fulfill the spec?

25
Acceptance of Chemical
Delivery
 Consignment note matches with purchase order
 Chemical has the appropriate approval
 Package is labeled appropriately
 Package is in good condition
 Related information and CSDS is provided

26
Receiving of Chemical: Personnel

 Must be trained in:-
 Chemical identification
 Packaging requirement
 Storage requirement
 Transportation requirement
 Emergency procedure
 Provided with appropriate PPE

27
During Receiving-Don’t
 Don’t accept damaged shipment
 Don’t accept goods/shipment with missing label
 Don’t accept goods without CSDS
 Don’t accept chemical that have no approval
 Don’t leave shipment unattended
 Don’t FOOL around

28
Workers – Do’s and Don’t

Do’s
 Do know spill control procedure
 Do know safety equipment
 Do know to call in case of emergency
Don’t
 Do not ship chemical in open container
 Do not ship unlabeled container
 Never leave chemical unattended

29
STORAGE

30
General Storage Guidelines

 All chemicals stored should be recorded in a
Chemical Register.
 Chemicals should be stored in appropriate

containers.
 Ensure the chemicals stored should be

classified, labelled and/or relabelled according
to relevant legislative requirements.

31

 Incompatible chemicals should not be stored
together.
 Use of appropriate storage facilities

‒ flammable storage cabinet for flammable
solvents;
‒ appropriate distances or barriers between
incompatible chemicals;
‒ specialized cabinets for explosive
chemicals;
‒ gas cylinder storage sheds

32

 Records of quantities and types of chemicals at
each storage location.
 Awareness of stability and shelf life of

chemicals
‒ temperature, moisture, shock, etc.,
‒ sensitive chemicals and their associated hazards.
 Documented maintenance and inspection

programs that ensure facility integrity;

33
Hazards Due to Incompatible

Chemicals
 Generation of heat
 Fire
 Explosion
 Toxic gases

34
Chemical Storage Facilities

 Location
 Access and exit
 Layout and construction
 Drainage
 Ventilation
 Prevention and fire control
 Identification of toxic releases
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
35
Location of Storage Area

 Chemicals storage area should be located :
‒ away from densely populated areas,
‒ occupied buildings,
‒ from drinking water sources,
‒ from areas liable to flooding
 Location should provide easy access for

transport and emergency services.
‒ electricity with emergency supply if needed,
‒ potable water and fire-fighting water

36
Design of Storage Area

 Site layout designed to allow possible separation of
incompatible materials by use of :
 separate buildings/rooms,
 fire walls or
 other acceptable precautions
‒ should permit safe movement and transport of
materials;
‒ it should have sufficient space to give reasonable
working conditions.
 Layout of storage area or warehouses should be
designed in accordance with the nature of
materials to be stored with adequate provisions for
emergency exits.

37
Ventilation of Storage Area

 Storage area should be well ventilated :
‒ to keep down the levels of gases or
vapours from reaching the lower
flammability limit or concentration
hazardous to health;
 Ventilation may be afforded by natural or

mechanical means.
‒ provide local exhaust ventilation where
there is a risk of inhalation

38
Storage Management
 Written instructions must be readily available to
all chemical storage personnel :
 Instruction for safe and correct operation of any

equipment and storage materials.
 Hygiene and safety instructions and procedures;

and
 Emergency instructions and procedures.

‒ suitable absorbent materials should be
available for emergency situations.

39
Storage Management
 stored chemicals should be examined
periodically, and chemicals with expired shelf
lives and deteriorated or leaking containers
should be disposed of safely;
 warning devices to detect release of toxic

gases; and
 adequate fire extinguishers, either automatic

or manual to be available;

40
Storage Management
 restrict unauthorised personnel access to
hazardous chemicals storage areas; and
 warning signs are displayed in and around

areas where chemicals are stored

41
Provisions for Work with Particularly

Hazardous Substances
 Employer must establish a “designated
area”
‒ an area that may be used for work
with select carcinogens, reproductive
toxins, or substances having a high
degree of acute toxicity.

42
Special Consideration
 Explosives
 Oxidizers
 Flammables
 Very toxic
 Carcinogens
 Corrosives
 Water Sensitive
 Air-Sensitive Chemicals
 Unstable Chemicals

43
USE &HANDLING OF CHEMICAL

44
4) Use & Handling of Chemical

 Principle:
 Minimize exposure
 Use of appropriate equipment
 Reduce manual handling
 Procedure
 Training

45
Essential Steps in the Safe Use of

Chemicals
 Identify all the hazardous chemicals used;
 Evaluate the conditions under which they are

being used;
 Assess the hazards represented by each of

these chemicals;
 Take the necessary steps to protect workers and

the environment; and control the hazards.

46
HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
As Low As Reasonable
Practicable (ALARP)
High  Elimination
 Substitution
Medium  Engineering Control
 Administrative Control
 PPE
Low

47
Other Control Strategies

 Other control strategies include:
• Exposure monitoring
• Health surveillance
• Instruction and supervision
• Training and education
• Cooperation with active worker participation
• Record keeping

48
Elimination & Substitution

 Elimination – the most efficient control
 Substitution – replace toxic chemical with less toxic
or harmless chemical
 Example – Benzene is replaced with toluene or
xyelene

49
Engineering Control
 Exhaust Fan
 Sprinkler
 Grounding and Bonding
 Ventilation
 Dilute or General Ventilation
 Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV)

50
Administrative Control
 Shiftwork
 Good housekeeping
 Job rotation
 Break time
 Safety procedure, circular, poster
 Training
 Labeling
 CSDS, chemical register

51
Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE)
 Last choice, least expensive
 Used only when other control inapplicable
 Used widely for maintenance, spill
 Training is critical

52
Use and Handling of Chemical:

Personnel
 Must be trained
Chemical Identification
Packaging requirement
Emergency Procedure
Transportation Requirement
 Provided with appropriate PPE
 Must observe the SOP

53
DISPOSAL

54
Disposal of Chemical Waste

Waste Management is the collection,
transport, processing, recycling or
disposal, and monitoring of waste
materials.

55

 All chemical waste shall be treated as Scheduled
Waste and need to be identified and notify DOE
under EQA-Scheduled Waste Regulations 2005
 Required temporary Storage for Scheduled Waste
-Has Written Approval from DOE
- To store waste from weather, spill
 Storage of Scheduled Waste shall not exceed 20 MT
or 180 Days
 A Waste Card shall be in place for every waste and
to provide to waste collector (Seventh Schedule-EQA SW
Reg. 2005)
 Inventories of Scheduled Waste to be in place ((Fifth
Schedule-EQA SW Reg. 2005)
 Waste to be disposed at prescribed premises

56

 Requirement for Waste Generator:-
 To notify DOE on categories and quantities
(Second Schedule-EQA SW Reg. 2005)
 To properly stored, and all chemical waste that
are subjected to movement or transfer, be
packaged, labelled and transported in
accordance to the guidelines (Third Schedule-
EQA SW Reg. 2005)
 Chemical waste shall be stored in good
containers, durable and able to prevent spillage
 Incompatible waste shall be stored in separate
containers

57
Waste Management Program

1. Policy and purpose
2. Scope
 Wastes types
 Activities that generate hazardous waste
3. Management Methods
a) Identification d) Treatment
b) Collection e) Transport
c) Storage f) Disposal

58
Waste Management Plan

4. Responsibilities and Training
5. Waste Minimization efforts
6. Occupational Safety
7. Emergency Response

59
Disposal of Chemical
 Scheduled Waste Code related to Chemical:
 SW 421
 SW 422
 SW 425
 SW 426
 SW 429
 SW 430
 SW 432

60
There are no safe

chemicals, only safe ways
of manufacturing,
handling, and using them.

THANK YOU
61

1.1 Chemical Management and Cradle To Grave

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SAFETY IN THE

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Cradle to Grave Concept

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Cradle to Grave Scope

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Safe Management of Chemical

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

1) Manufacturing & Production

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

 Manufacturer must develop a Safety Data Sheet

 Ensure that SDSs (including product has proper

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

 A major transportation concern is the potential

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

• Fire, either the load or the vehicle is burning

 the package designers and manufactures;

 the transport workers/carriers

 the regulatory authorities

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

HAZCHEM Safety Placard

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

HAZCHEM Safety Placard:

Police : 999 00-000-0000

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Police : 999 00-000-0000

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

 Does the chemical fulfill the spec?

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Receiving of Chemical: Personnel

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Workers – Do’s and Don’t

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

General Storage Guidelines

 Chemicals should be stored in appropriate

 Ensure the chemicals stored should be

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

General Storage Guidelines

 Use of appropriate storage facilities

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

General Storage Guidelines

 Awareness of stability and shelf life of

 Documented maintenance and inspection

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Hazards Due to Incompatible

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Chemical Storage Facilities

Location of Storage Area

 Location should provide easy access for

© 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.