Professional Documents
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Revise Your Grammar Bach
Revise Your Grammar Bach
https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/
DISCLAIMER: This is a compilation of grammar activities which might be useful for year 2 Bachillerato
students, and possibly to B1-B2 students at Escuelas Oficiales de Idiomas.
The links to tutorials are all my own and based on a work at https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/
However, most of the material is just a compilation of exercises taken, adapted and rehashed from many
different sources: textbooks, grammar books, websites. I do not claim authorship of the exercises.
Extensive reworking of the original exercises has been made over the years to suit my students’ needs and
update the material.
No profit is to be made from sharing this material, nor any copyright infringement is intended. The sole
purpose is to help students revise key grammar points in an independent way.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3. Reported Speech……………………………………………………………………………………………20
7. Modal verbs…………………………………………………………………………………………………42
8. As/like ………………………………………………………………………………………………………44
For an explanation of conditional clauses you can visit this link: https://
natalialzam.wordpress.com/2020/04/23/conditional-clauses-how-to-make-them-
and-songs-to-practise-them/
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2. Fill in the gaps with the words below in the right form
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25. I f I ( b e ) … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … y o u , I ( a p p l y )
…………………………………………………………… for the job as soon as possible.
26. If I (speak) …………………………………………………………………………… perfect English, I (not
need) ………………………………………………… to take the exam.
27. I f h e ( b e ) … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … t a l l e r , h e ( j o i n )
……………………………………………… the Police.
28. Y o u (be) ………………………………………………… rich if you (win)
………………………………………………… the pools.
29. You (not be) ………………………………………………… able to travel unless you get a visa.
30. If the weather (be) …………………………………………………………… nice next weekend, they
(go) …………………………………………………… to the countryside.
31. Unless you hear otherwise, I (come) …………………………………………………………… at 8.15
32. I f I ( b e ) … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … t h e P r i m e M i n i s t e r, I ( c h a n g e )
………………………………………… a lot of things.
33. I’ll look for your notebook and if I (find) ………………………………………………… it, I (give)
…………………………………………………………………… you a ring.
34. O f c o u r s e I ’ m n o t g o i n g t o g i v e h e r a d i a m o n d r i n g . I f I ( g i v e )
………………………………………………… her a diamond ring, she (sell)
…………………………………………………………… it.
35. She was sent to prison only because she refused to pay a fine. If she (pay)
……………………………………… a fine, she (not go) …………………………… to prison.
36. I f I ( h a v e ) … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … l o t s o f m o n e y I ( d r i n k )
…………………………………………………… champagne with every meal.
37. If we (work) ………………………………all night we (finish) the essay in time. But we have no
intention of working all night.
38. We were travelling with false passports. If our passports (be) ……………………… ……………… all
right, we (not be) ………………………………………………… arrested.
39. I have no particular desire to win the football pools. If I (win) ………………………………… an
enormous sum of money, everybody (write) …………………………………………… to me asking for
money.
40. My child is not interested in games. If he (play) ……………………………… games like other boys
he (have) ……………………………………………………………………… a much better time.
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If the soup…
8. I left the freezer door open and everything inside it has melted.
If I …
9. In order for you to catch the train, you must leave now.
Provided …
10. John hadn’t practised his piece, and so his performance at the concert wasn’t very good.
If …
11. She didn’t save any money, so she was hard up.
If she …
12. There are no free taxis and we are going to miss the first act of the play.
If …
13. You didn’t invite me last week, so I didn’t know anything about the party.
If you …
14. Lend me the money. I promise to pay you back next week.
If you …
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KEY TO EXERCISES 4 & 5
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4. The train may be cancelled. We’ll take the bus, then.
If the train is cancelled we’ll take the bus.
5. The film was too long and I missed my bus.
If the film hadn’t been so long I wouldn’t have missed my bus.
6. The baby may wake up-just sing her a song.
If the baby wakes up just sing her a song.
7. If you have nothing interesting to say, please be quiet.
Unless you have something interesting to say, please be quiet.
8. Just carry on if you’re not too tired.
Unless you are too tired, just carry on.
9. Wake me up only if it’s urgent.
Don’t wake me up unless it’s urgent.
10. The match will go on if the weather is not bad.
Unless the weather is bad the match will go on.
11. I use my mobile phone only if it’s absolutely necessary.
I don’t use my mobile phone unless it’s absolutely necessary.
12. If there are no more questions, let’s finish here.
Unless there are any more questions, let’s finish here.
13. I won’t buy a new car because I haven’t got enough money.
If I had enough money I would buy a new car.
14. I won’t see you tomorrow because I haven’t got enough time.
If I had enough time I would see you tomorrow.
15. They didn’t interview you for the job because you didn’t speak French.
If you had spoken French they would have interviewed you for the job.
16. We won’t let those fans come here because they are so violent.
If those fans were not (weren’t) so violent we would let them come here.
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WISHES: I WISH …/ IF ONLY : REGRETS ABOUT THE PRESENT / FUTURE, OR THE PAST /
COMPLAINTS
3. Complete each sentence with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
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8. He should be more polite to his parents
His parents wish…
9. She should have told us the truth
If only…
10. We should have brought sun cream for the children. (Their backs are extremely red).
If only…
11. I didn’t study languages, and that’s a pity!
I wish…
12. He wasn’t here last night to defend our position in the meeting
If only…
13. Roger is not enjoying his job.
He wishes…
14. Jason knows he has to do the military service (and he doesn’t want to).
Jason wishes…
15. I have seen a lovely dress, but it costs too much.
I wish…
16. Mary always has to get up at 5.00 a.m. to go to work
If only…
17. I am jealous because Tina is going out with Peter
I wish…
18. I really regret resigning
I wish…
19. Please don’t make phone calls during the morning
I wish…
20. You annoy me because you won’t listen to what I say
If only…
21. I’m sorry you weren’t at the concert
If only…
22. I’m sorry you aren’t here, the weather’s lovely.
I wish…
23. I’m upset because I know he isn’t going to phone me
If only…
24. I’m sorry I can’t see you a bit more often.
I wish…
25. I’m annoyed it’s not going to stop raining.
If only…
26. I really regret ever starting to smoke
I wish…
27. What a pity that I’m not twenty years younger
If only…
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28. I'm sorry I can't speak English perfectly.
I wish…………
29. I'm sorry I haven't got a lot of money.
If only
30. What a pity I don't know the answer to that question.
I wish
31. I'm sorry I have to work in this terrible place.
If only
32. I'm sorry that I can't help you.
I wish………
33. I'd like to be rich but I'm not.
If only …
34. Don't you think it's a pity you can't drive?
Don’t you wish ……
35. She can’t come to the party because she is so busy.
If…
36. Don’t complain all the time.
I wish …
37. He is upset because he has to do so much work.
He wishes …
38. I’d like to live in a big house, but I don’t.
I wish …
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I WISH / IF ONLY – REPHRASING EXERCISES (KEY)
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29. I'm sorry I haven't got a lot of money.
If only I had got a lot of money!
30. What a pity I don't know the answer to that question.
I wish I knew the answer to that question.
31. I'm sorry I have to work in this terrible place.
If only I didn’t have to work in this terrible place.
32. I'm sorry that I can't help you.
I wish I could help you.
33. I'd like to be rich but I'm not.
If only I were rich.
34. Don't you think it's a pity you can't drive?
Don’t you wish you could drive?
35. She can’t come to the party because she is so busy.
If she weren’t so busy she could come to the party.
36. Don’t complain all the time.
I wish you wouldn’t complain all the time.
37. He is upset because he has to do so much work.
He wishes he didn’t have to do so much work.
38. I’d like to live in a big house, but I don’t.
I wish I lived in a big (bigger) house.
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UNIT 2: RELATIVE CLAUSES (who, whom, which, whose, where, what…)
Use
We use non-defining relative clauses to give extra information about the person or thing in the main
clause. The extra information is not essential.
Robbie Williams’ Millennium, which is one of his most successful singles, was released in 1999.
Form
In non-defining relative clauses we put a comma before and after the main clause.
We use the relative pronouns who, which, whose, where and when in non-defining relative clauses.
The relative pronoun cannot be omitted.
Mark Smith, who lives next door to us, plays in a rock band.
1 The book is about a murder on the Nile. (It was written by Agatha Christie.)
2 The diamond necklace has been found by the police. (It was stolen last week.)
7 The new band is very good. (It was formed last year.)
Use
We use defining relative clauses to give essential information about the person or thing in the main
clause. It tells us which person or thing we are talking about.
This is the CD which everyone is talking about.
Form
There are no commas in defining relative clauses. We can replace who or which with that in
defining relative clauses.
She’s the woman that works with my mother.
This is the book that I told you about.
Who, which, that and when can be omitted when they are the object of the verb in the second
clause, e.g. There’s the man that the police have been looking for. Whose and where can’t be
omitted.
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2. That was the day. They got married then.
3 She’s the girl. Her brother plays in the football team.
4 That’s the café. I meet my friends there.
5 This is the film. I’ve been waiting to see it for ages.
6 Have you met the girl? She’s going out with Ted.
7 These are the trainers. I bought them yesterday.
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The bed…
21. I didn’t get the job. I applied for it.
I didn’t …
22. I wasn’t interested in the things. You were talking about them.
I wasn’t …
23. The boy is his apprentice. He is working with him
The boy…
24. You are looking at the vase. It dates from the 17th century.
The vase …
25. The flight was fully booked. We wanted to travel on it.
The flight…
26. Stephen has just passed his exams. He is very hard-working.
Stephen…
27. Her son is returning from Canada. He has been studying there for five years.
Her son…
28. Warwick castle dates from the 18th century. The Duke opens it for visitors.
Warwick castle
29. My flat is very small. It is on the outskirts of the city.
My flat…
30. Tom has been in England. He is the only one in the class.
Tom is the only …
31. A man answered the phone. He said Tom was out
The man …
32. The man didn’t know the way. He was driving.
The man …
33. She was dancing with a student. He had a slight limp.
She was …
34. I was waiting for a man. He didn’t come.
I was waiting …
35. I was given the address by a man. I had met that man on the train.
I was given …
36. I’m looking after some children. They are terribly spoilt.
I’m looking …
37. The woman lives next door. The woman lost her purse.
The woman …
38. You see a man. That man is my uncle.
The man …
39. The man was sitting at his desk. I had come to see this man.
The man …
40. We lit a fire. It soon dried out our clothes.
We lit …
41. You sent me a present. I like the present.
I like…
42. Some cats have no ears. They have been in a fight.
The cats…
43. You wanted some books. I saw those books.
I saw …
44. The wolves ate the lambs. The lambs were out in the field.
The wolves ate …
45. He was dancing with a student. She had beautiful blue eyes.
The student …
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46. I was waiting for a man. He didn’t come.
The man …
47. I’m looking after some children. They are terribly spoilt.
The children …
48. I was waiting for a man. He didn’t turn up
The man…
49. The bed had no mattress. I slept on that bed.
The bed…
50. I was sitting on a chair. It suddenly broke down.
The chair …
51. The bed had no sheets. They slept on that bed.
The bed …
52. There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from that box
There wasn’t any directory…
53. The car had bad brakes. We were in this car.
The car…
54. This is the story of a man. His wife suddenly loses her memory.
This is the story of a man…
55. A man brought in a small girl. Her hand had been cut by glass
A man brought in a small girl…
56. This is the story of a group of boys. Their plane crashed on an island.
This is the story of a group of boys…
57. I’m sorry for that man. His wife died last week.
I’m sorry for that man…
58. Tom had been driving all day. He was tired and wanted to stop.
Tom…
59. Mr. Smith said he was too busy to talk to me. I had come especially to see him.
Mr. Smith…
60. This is Mr. Jones. His son won the championship last year.
This is Mr. Jones…
61. Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other
Romeo and Juliet…
62. I met Mary. She asked me to give you this.
I met Mary…
63. Tom’s leg is still in bandages. He will have to watch the match from the stand.
Tom…
64. Ann came to help Tom. She liked Tom.
An…
65. The report took three hours. It should have taken an hour and a half.
The report…
66. Charles was with Lucy. He was anxious to impress her.
Charles…
67. His girlfriend turned out to be an enemy spy. He trusted her absolutely.
His girlfriend…
68. Julia’s father has just come back from a skiing holiday. He is over 80.
Julia’s …
69. The problems faced by the company are being resolved. I’ll look at these in detail in a moment.
The problems…
70. She was greatly influenced by her father. She adored him.
She was…
71. He pointed to the stairs. They led down to the cellar.
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He pointed …
72. These drugs have been withdrawn from sale. They are used to treat stomach ulcers.
These …
73. The singer had to cancel her concert. She was recovering from flu.
The singer…
74. The minister talked about the plans for tax reform. He will reveal them next month.
The minister…
75. I have two older sisters. I love them very much.
I have …
76. Susan said something. I couldn’t hear it clearly.
a. Susan said …
b. I couldn’t hear …
77. I want something. I have seen it.
I want …
78. You said something. I didn’t understand it.
I didn’t understand…
79. I asked you something. Did you understand it?
Did you …
80. You said something to me. But I didn’t hear it.
I didn’t hear …
81. When I say something, you never agree with it.
You never agree…
82. If I can’t afford something, I don’t buy it.
I don’t buy …
83. The boss said something. Everybody laughed at it.
Everybody …
84. You did something at the party. It was terrible.
What…
85. You told your teacher something. I couldn’t hear it.
I couldn’t …
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RELATIVE CLAUSES-KEY
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My flat, which is very small, is on the outskirts of the city /My flat, which is on the outskirts of the
city, is very small.
30. Tom has been in England. He is the only one in the class.
Tom is the only one in the class who has been in England.
31. A man answered the phone. He said Tom was out
The man who answered the phone said Tom was out.
32. The man didn’t know the way. He was driving.
The man who was driving didn’t know the way (The man who didn’t know the way was driving).
33. She was dancing with a student. He had a slight limp.
She was dancing with a student who had a slight limp.
34. I was waiting for a man. He didn’t come.
I was waiting for a man who didn’t come.
35. I was given the address by a man. I had met that man on the train.
I was given the address by a man (who) I had met on the train.
36. I’m looking after some children. They are terribly spoilt.
I’m looking after some children who are terribly spoilt.
37. The woman lives next door. The woman lost her purse.
The woman who lives next door lost her purse/ The woman who lost her purse lives next door.
38. You see a man. That man is my uncle.
The man (who) you see is my uncle.
39. The man was sitting at his desk. I had come to see this man.
The man (who) I had come to see was sitting at his desk.
40. We lit a fire. It soon dried out our clothes.
We lit a fire which soon dried out our clothes.
41. You sent me a present. I like the present.
I like the present (which/that) you sent me.
42. Some cats have no ears. They have been in a fight.
The cats which/that have no ears have been in a fight.
43. You wanted some books. I saw those books.
I saw the books (which/ that) I saw.
44. The wolves ate the lambs. The lambs were out in the field.
The wolves ate the lambs which/ that were out in the field.
45. He was dancing with a student. She had beautiful blue eyes.
The student (who) he was dancing with had beautiful blue eyes.
46. I was waiting for a man. He didn’t come.
The man (who) I was waiting for didn’t come.
47. I’m looking after some children. They are terribly spoilt.
The children (who) I’m looking after are terribly spoilt.
48. I was waiting for a man. He didn’t turn up
The man (who) I was waiting for didn’t turn up.
49. The bed had no mattress. I slept on that bed.
The bed (which) I slept on had no mattress.
50. I was sitting on a chair. It suddenly broke down.
The chair (which) I was sitting on suddenly broke down.
51. The bed had no sheets. They slept on that bed.
The bed (which) they slept on had no sheets.
52. There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from that box
There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box (which) I was phoning from.
53. The car had bad brakes. We were in this car.
The car (which) we were in had bad brakes.
54. This is the story of a man. His wife suddenly loses her memory.
This is the story of a man whose wife suddenly loses her memory
55. A man brought in a small girl. Her hand had been cut by glass
A man brought in a small girl whose hand had been cut by glass.
56. This is the story of a group of boys. Their plane crashed on an island.
This is the story of a group of boys whose plane crashed on a island.
57. I’m sorry for that man. His wife died last week.
I’m sorry for that man whose wife died last week.
58. Tom had been driving all day. He was tired and wanted to stop.
Tom, who had been driving all day, was tired and wanted to stop.
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59. Mr. Smith said he was too busy to talk to me. I had come especially to see him.
Mr. Smith, who I had come especially to see, said he was too busy to talk to me.
60. This is Mr. Jones. His son won the championship last year.
This is Mr. Jones, whose son won the championship last year.
61. Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other
Romeo and Juliet, whose parents hated each other, were lovers.
62. I met Mary. She asked me to give you this.
I met Mary, who asked me to give you this.
63. Tom’s leg is still in bandages. He will have to watch the match from the stand.
Tom, whose leg is still in bandages, will have to watch the match from the stand.
64. Ann came to help Tom. She liked Tom.
Ann, who liked Tom, came to help him /(Ann, who came to help Tom, liked him)
65. The report took three hours. It should have taken an hour and a half.
The report, which took three hours, should have taken an hour and a half. / The report, which should
have taken an hour and a half, took three hours.
66. Charles was with Lucy. He was anxious to impress her.
Charles, who was anxious to impress Lucy, was with her /Charles, who was with Lucy, was anxious
to impress her.
67. His girlfriend turned out to be an enemy spy. He trusted her absolutely.
His girlfriend, who(m) he trusted absolutely, turned out to be an enemy spy.
68. Julia’s father has just come back from a skiing holiday. He is over 80.
Julia’s father, who is over 80, has just come back from a skiing holiday. (Julia’s father, who has just
come back from a skiing holiday, is over 80).
69. The problems faced by the company are being resolved. I’ll look at these in detail in a moment.
The problems faced by the company, which I’ll look at in detail in a moment, are being resolved.
70. She was greatly influenced by her father. She adored him.
She was greatly influenced by her father, who(m) she adored.
71. He pointed to the stairs. They led down to the cellar.
He pointed to the stairs, which led down to the cellar.
72. These drugs have been withdrawn from sale. They are used to treat stomach ulcers.
These drugs, which are used to treat stomach ulcers, have been withdrawn from sale /These drugs,
which have been withdrawn from sale, are used to treat stomach ulcers.
73. The singer had to cancel her concert. She was recovering from flu.
The singer, who was recovering from flu, had to cancel her concert.
74. The minister talked about the plans for tax reform. He will reveal them next month.
The minister talked about the plans for tax reform, which he will reveal next month
75. I have two older sisters. I love them very much.
I have two older sisters, who(m) I love
76. Susan said something. I couldn’t hear it clearly.
a. Susan said something (which / that) I couldn’t hear
b. I couldn’t hear what Susan said.
77. I want something. I have seen it.
I want what I have seen. (I want something that I have seen)
78. You said something. I didn’t understand it.
I didn’t understand what you said.
79. I asked you something. Did you understand it?
Did you understand what I asked you?
80. You said something to me. But I didn’t hear it.
I didn’t hear what you said to me.
81. When I say something, you never agree with it.
You never agree with what I say.
82. If I can’t afford something, I don’t buy it.
I don’t buy what I can’t afford.
83. The boss said something. Everybody laughed at it.
Everybody laughed at what the boss said.
84. You did something at the party. It was terrible.
What you did at the party was terrible.
85. You told your teacher something. I couldn’t hear it.
I couldn’t hear what you told your teacher.
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Unit 3: REPORTED SPEECH
1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of say, tell, or ask.
Example Can you tell me the time, please?
➢ Statements.
➢ Orders.
1. ‘Change your clothes’ Mary told me.
2. ‘Don’t tell me what to do’ Jane shouted.
3. ‘Please come as soon as possible’ she asked me.
4. ‘Don’t tell me lies’ Bill told them.
5. ‘Turn down the volume of your radio’ he told her.
6. ‘Keep to the left.’ (The police officer / the cyclist)
7. ‘Please don’t smoke in this area.’ (the waitress / the customer)
8. ‘Sit down and be quiet.’(the teacher)
9. ‘Don’t forget to post the letter.’
10. ‘Don’t talk during the exam.’
11. ‘Please switch off your mobile phone.’
The air hostess asked him ……………………
➢ Questions.
1. ‘Where are my glasses?’ asked the old lady.
2. ‘How are they going to pay for it?’ asked Harry.
3. ‘What time do the shops open?’ asked Laura.
4. ‘Where can we meet?’ Will asked.
5. ‘What can you see?’ the optician asked.
6. ‘Who hasn’t signed the postcard?’ David asked.
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7. ‘Where have you been?’ my mother asked me.
8. ‘Do you know the answer?’ the teacher asked.
9. ‘Is there enough for everybody?’ John asked.
10. ‘Should I accept the job?’ Peter asked me.
11. ‘Can you swim?’ the lifeguard asked me.
12. ‘Have you been injured in the war?’ Tony asked the old man.
13. ‘Will the flight be delayed?’
Jill wanted to know …………………….……
14. ‘Where have you been all night?’
My parents wanted to know …………………
15. ‘Will I pass my exam?’
Mark wondered ………………………………
16. ‘Did you remember the invitations?’
Sue asked me …………………………………
17. ‘How long have you been learning German?’
Karl wondered ………………………………
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VERB PATTERNS FOR REPORTED SPEECH
• ‘Why don’t you paint your room in bright colours?’ Kate said to Jack
Kate SUGGESTED that Jack should paint his room in bright colours
• ‘I will fire you if you arrive late again’, her boss told her
Her boss THREATENED to fire her if she arrived late again
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Now report what some people said some time ago, in a different place...Try to avoid verbs such as say, tell
or ask as reporting verbs.
• Suggestions
• Advice
1. If I were you, I’d go by bus.
2. I would say nothing about it if I were you.
3. I’d buy the big tin if I were you.
4. If I were you, Richard, I’d go by train.
5. You should take more exercise.
6. Get married, that’s my advice
7. Don’t eat any more cakes.
16. You’d better leave at half past six.
17. I think you should try to get more sleep. (the doctor said to the patient)
18. You shouldn’t play with fire.
• Reminders
1. Don’t forget to come half an hour early on Tuesday.
2. Don’t forget to take your umbrella.
3. Remember to book a table.
4. Don’t forget to put the name at the top of the page.
5. Don’t forget to phone your mother.
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Unit 4: PASSIVE VOICE
For an explanation of how to use passive voice in English, and some examples in real contexts, please visit
these links:
https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/2017/11/01/passive-voice-in-headlines/
https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/2020/04/23/passive-voice-in-english-personal-impersonal-construction/
https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/2011/02/19/passive-voice-in-real-english/
For further practice (self-grading Google forms), please visit this link:
https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/2019/05/09/passive-news-headlines-revision/
Rephrase these sentences so that they will be passive sentences rather than active:
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16.They built the bridge in 1926.
17.The director filmed this movie on location in Ireland.
18.They robbed the bank last night.
19. The police accused him of the murder.
20.Thieves stole two pictures from the museum last night.
21.Sherlock Holmes investigated many crimes
22. They stole my car when I was away on holiday.
23. Factory workers manufactured this TV in Korea.
24. They recorded this programme in front of a live audience.
25. How did they discover penicillin?
26. I didn't receive the invitation because they had sent it to the wrong address.
27. They sold the painting to an art gallery in New York.
28. Dickens wrote Great Expectations and A Tale of Two Cities.
29. Did they give him the full list?
30. The mob broke the shop windows in a riot last night.
31. They rang the church bells.
32. Who wrote that?
33. They interviewed the musician immediately after the concert.
34. Someone built this hotel two years ago.
35. They damaged my car while I was away on holiday.
36. A thief stole my car last week.
37. Monkeys brought him up in the jungle.
38. The bank manager kept me waiting half an hour
39.They are providing information and help at the main desk.
40. Someone's interviewing Dr Johnson at the moment
41. The police are investigating two other murders.
42.About thirty million people are watching this programme.
43.They were painting the outside of the ship when the accident happened.
44.They're mending your shoes at the moment
45. She is typing the letter.
46. People are spending a lot of money on useless things.
47. They are pulling down the old theatre.
48.Local people were searching the area at midnight last night.
49.Someone was carrying the bomb to a safe place when it exploded.
50.They were repairing the road when the accident happened.
51.The operations manager has cancelled flight KL167 because of weather conditions
52.We had warned him the day before not to go too near the canal.
53.I have told the children about the party.
54.Doctors have discovered a cure for the common cold
55. They had sold all the tickets by the time we got to the stadium.
56. They have bought a new car.
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57. They had made the pizza that morning.
58. They have arrested hundreds of burglars over the past six months
59. Aren’t you going to tell him the truth?
60. Millions of people have read the novels of Agatha Christie.
61. They have changed the notice.
62. They have denied that scientific theory.
63. Somebody has lost the keys
64. Someone has stolen Helen’s bag!
65. Has anyone answered your question?
66. Has anyone ever asked you your opinion?
67. The company has cut all salaries.
68. They had already given the job to someone else by the time I arrived.
69. Why had the police stopped him?
70. The Italians have designed the best outfits this season
71. They're cleaning the swimming pool just now.
72. They have interviewed ten people since Friday.
73.You should wash this pullover by hand.
74.They will deliver your car tomorrow.
75.The postal service will send your letters to your new address.
76. Employers must pay all travel expenses
77. Where will the company send you next year?
78. All visitors must wear identification badges.
79.You mustn't use this machine after 5.30 p.m.
80. We couldn't go to our favourite restaurant because they were decorating it
81.I couldn't recognise my home town because they had knocked down so many of the old buildings.
82.Mrs. Girton will teach your class next week
83.The waiters will serve drinks in the hotel lounge at six o’clock.
84.Passengers can obtain refunds from the ticket office.
85.You must clean this machine every time you use it.
86.You should keep the flowers in a warm sunny place.
87.Someone will drive your car to Edinburgh on Tuesday.
88.You may take photographs in this museum
89.You must not bring dogs into the park
90.You should pay your bill before you leave the hotel
91.You mustn't touch this button while the examination is in progress.
92.Someone will blow a whistle if there is an emergency.
93. They will finish the new bridge by next month.
94. We will not admit children under 16
95. People should not take reference books out of the library.
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• I was given a present
96. We brought her a bunch of flowers on her birthday.
97. His parents gave him a new computer for his birthday.
98. The boss promised them higher salaries.
99. People gave them lots of beautiful presents.
100.They owe us a lot of money.
101.They have promised Kate an explanation.
102.They offered me a lot of money to keep quiet.
103.The authorities gave the protesters five minutes to leave.
104.They didn’t pay me for the work.
105.They shouldn’t tell him the truth.
106.When are they going to give her the presents?
107.They don’t pay Jim very much
108.They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview.
109.Nobody told me that George was ill
110.His colleagues gave him a present when he retired.
111.We will send you your examination results as soon as they are ready.
112.They didn’t ask me my name
113.They should have offered Tom the job.
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PASSIVE VOICE- KEY
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Unit 5: HAVE / GET SOMETHING DONE
B. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains a form of have something done. Do not include the agent.
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B. HAVE SOMETHING DONE (KEY)
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Unit 6: USED TO (WOULD) / BE USED TO ing / GET USED TO ing
➢ Match each of the sentences above with one of the following sentences:
1. Running the business isn't difficult for my mother because she has done it before.
2. My mother ran the business before but doesn't any more.
1. I'm shocked when I hear bad language. I'm just not used to it.
2. I smoked a lot when I was younger but I don't any more.
3. It isn't difficult for me to travel long distances to work because I’ve done it before.
4. Julia saw Ronald almost every day not so long ago but doesn't any more.
5. I don't work in that shop any more but I did once.
6. Because English people drive on the left, it's difficult for them to drive abroad.
Remember:
▪ we use used to (do) for a habit, or something we did in the past but not now
▪ we use be/get used to (doing) when we accept something as normal routine
Rewrite these sentences using used to (do) or a form of be / get used to (doing).
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➢ Rewrite the following sentences using USED TO (DO) or a form of BE/GET USED TO (DOING).
For example:
❖ I don’t mind getting up early in the morning, I’ve always done it.
I’m used to getting up early in the morning.
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UNIT 6: USED TO / BE USED TO / GET USED TO- key
1. I used to smoke
2. I used to go to a lot of dances
3. I’ll get used to living here
4. I’m used to working hard
5. He soon got used to the job
6. We used to have lots of friends when we lived in the country
7. Peter used to be so difficult
8. When you buy a new car you need some time to get used to driving it
9. I’ll never get used to the cold climate / to living in a cold climate
Rephrasing exercises
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Unit 7: MODAL VERBS
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
Do not change the word given. Use between two and five words, including the word given.
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Sir Alex …………………………………………………………………………………… some important
information.
20. It is possible that Sir Alex knew something horrible about James. (known)
Sir Alex …………………………………………………………………… something horrible about James.
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Unit 8: As and like
As refers to a person's profession or a part he plays as an actor. It also refers to the role a person fulfils. Like
is only used for comparisons.
➢ A lot of celebrities have visited this restaurant- for example / for instance Scarlett Johansson, Woody
Allen and Robbie Williams.
➢ Celebrities like / such as Scarlett Johansson, Woody Allen and Robbie Williams have visited this
restaurant.
➢ Such celebrities as Scarlett Johansson, Woody Allen and Robbie Williams have visited this restaurant.
Like and such as or such …as can be used as alternatives to ‘for example’ or for instance. Notice that the
phrase with like or such as follows the noun that it refers to as closely as possible.
Rewrite the following sentences, using like/ such as / and such…as. Make two new sentences in each case.
1. A number of famous country houses were built in the eighteenth century- for example Chatsworth,
Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard.
2. In the show a lot of famous singers and performers appear, for example David Bisbal, Amaral, El canto
del loco and El Arrebato.
3. A lot of great composers led interesting lives- for example Mozart, Beethoven and Chopin.
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Verbs of sensation + like / as if
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Unit 9: SUBORDINATION
You can visit this link to watch a video explaining how to use these clauses: https://
natalialzam.wordpress.com/2020/04/23/purpose-clauses-3/
1. Join these sentences using the links in brackets. Make all the necessary changes.
1. We came to the countryside. We wanted to find some peace. (in order to / so as to)
3. He left his gun outside. He didn’t want to frighten us. (in order to)
4. They make five pound notes different from ten pound notes. This way blind people can differentiate
5. He wrote his diary in code. He didn’t want anybody to read it. (so that)
6. His parents sent him to that University. They wanted him to study Law. (so that)
7. I made them wear warm clothes. I didn’t want them to catch a cold. (so that)
8. He wants to go to the cinema. I’ll give him some money for that. (so that)
9. You must study. You have to pass your exams. (so that)
2. Join these pairs of sentences by means of a link of your choice. Make all the necessary changes.
6. I phoned the police. I wanted to report that my car had been stolen.
11. Please arrive early. We want to be able to start the meeting on time.
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PURPOSE CLAUSES-KEY
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9b. RESULT
Join these sentences using the links in brackets. Make all the necessary changes.
Rephrasing practice:
The weather was so good that we lay on the beach all day
It was such good weather that we lay on the beach all day
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KEY- 9B:
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9c: CONTRAST CLAUSES
If you need an explanation of how to use these linking words, you can visit this link:
https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/2020/04/23/contrast-clauses-although-in-spite-
of-however/
They didn’t give me the job in spite of the fact that I had all the necessary qualifications.
Dave gets lots of homework from school, while / whereas Sue gets very little.
While ● though ● although ● even though ● whereas ● in spite of ● despite ● in spite of the fact that ●
contrary to ● unlike ● however ● nevertheless ● on the one hand…on the other hand ● on the contrary ●
yet
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12. The speed limit on the highway is 110 kph; ……………………………… people often drive faster
than that
13. ……………………………… her skiing accident last year, Diana is going skiing again this year.
14. …………………………… he had planned the project very carefully, he had several problems along
the way.
15. My sister doesn’t have a job ………………………………… she’s a very talented person.
16. Some pupils don’t mind taking tests, ………………………… others get quite nervous.
17. It’s wonderful to have my grandparents spend the summer with us ……………………………… it’s a
bit uncomfortable because our flat is quite small.
18. The new car is very economical, ………………………… the old one was not.
19. ………………………………you could rent a flat instead of buying a new one.………………… you
spend all this money and you still don’t own a flat.
20. Jane really hates classical music, …………………………… I love it.
21. We took our holiday in Spain,………………our neighbours went abroad.
22. ‘You seem to be bored’
23. ‘………………………………, I’m having a great time’.
Write sentences using the words in brackets. Use other words where necessary.
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6. Despite the high price of petrol, big cars are still popular.
Although…
7. Even though he had a pleasant manner, he isn't a good doctor.
In spite…
8. In spite of her illness, my mother always had a smile on her face.
Even though …
9. Tourists keep coming here despite the terrible weather.
Although…
10. I like you even though you have a strange sense of humour.
In spite …
11. Even though they quarrel regularly, Jack and Mary still say they love each other.
Despite…
12. In spite of their love for each other, they have broken up.
Even though…
13. They went on a trip in spite of the snow.
Although…
14. Although she was sad, she was playing with her son for an hour.
Despite…
15. Despite his speed, he couldn’t win the race
Even though…
16. Despite her age, your mother is still very active.
Although…
17. Although it was very hot she was still shivering.
In spite …
18. Despite being very tired, she went shopping.
Though …
19. Although he studied hard, he didn’t pass his exams.
In spite…
20. In spite of her lack of experience, she looked after the dog very well.
Even though…
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9d. CAUSE
4. I had missed the bus. So, I was late for work. (as)
5. I haven’t got any money. That is why I can’t buy you the ring. (because)
9e. TIME
1. She went to the window. She saw Michael walking along the street. (when)
4. First Ann put her purse into her handbag, then she went to the supermarket. (after)
6. You can go out. Before, you must finish your homework (before)
8. She was listening to the radio. At the same time she was cooking. (while)
10. She was having a bath. At the same time, her husband was getting dressed. (while)
11. She was waiting for her luggage. At the same time she phoned her parents. (while)
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Unit 10: REPHRASING- COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
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3. I don’t work as fast as you do.
You …
4. His sister plays the piano better than he does.
He …
5. The case weighs more than the books.
The books don’t …
6. She doesn’t type as accurately as Betty.
Betty …
7. He earns less than I do.
He doesn’t …
8. We lost because we didn’t play as well as they did.
We lost because they …
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REPHRASING- COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES- KEY
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Unit 11: WAYS OF EMPHASISING THE MESSAGE / PART OF THE MESSAGE
b) After Raúl scored a goal, things started to look up for Real Madrid. But the team did have a problem,
though: its players didn’t expect Real Zaragoza to be in such a good shape.
2. CLEFT SENTENCES
3. PSEUDO-CLEFT SENTENCES
You can also visit this link to watch a video explaining how cleft/pseudo-cleft sentences
work:
https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/2019/04/22/cleft-sentences-to-emphasise-part-of-
the-sentence/
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4. INVERSIONS after certain expressions
B. NO SOONER…THAN
As soon as she entered the room, she noticed that something was missing.
She had no sooner entered the room than she noticed that something was missing.
No sooner had she entered the room than she noticed that something was missing.
➢ This inversion may also take place when a sentence begins with ‘only’, neither’…
Only when he had finished did he realise that he had made several mistakes (It was only when he had
finished that he realised that he had made several mistakes).
Neither in the Guardian nor in the Sun did I find any reference to the events.
If you want to watch a video explaining how to make these inversions, and to
see some examples in real-language use (for example, in TV shows), click on
this link or scan the QR code:
https://natalialzam.wordpress.com/2019/05/07/inversions-after-negative-or-
restricting-adverbs-and-for-conditional-clauses/
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Unit 12: GERUND AND IT…TO INFINITIVE
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IT’S + adjective + FOR
Among the adjectives that can be used in this construction are: boring, dangerous, difficult, easy,
expensive, healthy, necessary…
Use the adjectives and verbs given in brackets to complete the sentences:
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KEY:
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Unit 13: TOO/ENOUGH
I’m not…
He was …
I’m not…
They’re …
It was …
He didn’t …
She didn’t …
He didn’t …
They didn’t …
We’re …
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KEY:
She didn’t speak loud enough for the audience to hear her.
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Unit 14: MIXED REPHRASING PRACTICE 1
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Unit 15: MIXED REPHRASING PRACTICE 2
➢ CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
1. Don’t touch the match or you’ll burn your finger.
If…
2. I didn’t notice the man was in danger, so I didn’t help him.
If I …
3. I’ll have a puff if it doesn’t bother you.
Unless…
4. He felt seasick because he hadn’t taken his pills.
If…
➢ PASSIVES
5. Police think the murderer is in his twenties.
The murderer…
6. A German company makes the spare parts.
The spare parts …
7. People believe that the murder occurred at three o’clock
It …
8. I know they will not tell me the truth.
I know I …
9. Passengers must not unfasten their safety belts before the aircraft comes to a stop.
The safety belts …
10. People knew that the Russians made several experiments on it.
The Russians …
➢ ALTHOUGH / IN SPITE OF
22. In spite of its violence, many people in the UK play rugby.
Although…
23. In spite of his strength, he could not break down the door.
Although…
24. Even though he knows a lot about the subject, he makes careless mistakes.
Despite …
➢ INVERSIONS
34. He realised that the threat was real when he heard the explosion
Only …
35. As soon as the zookeeper opened the gate of the cage, the lion jumped right out of it.
No sooner…
36. They were not aware of their difficult situation until they ran out of water.
Not until…
➢ TOO / ENOUGH
37. Rachel was too incompetent to be trusted.
Rachel wasn’t …
38. You always find time to go out for a beer.
You are never…
39. This diamond ring is too expensive, he can’t buy it.
This diamond ring is …
➢ PURPOSE CLAUSES
43. They were vaccinated to make it possible for them to go on their honeymoon to Africa.
They were vaccinated so that …
44. Last Saturday he had a nap because he wanted to stay awake at night.
Last Saturday he had a nap so…
➢ HAD BETTER
45. You shouldn’t eat salty things.
You had better…
46. If you don’t apologise immediately you won’t see me again.
You’d …
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Unit 16: MIXED REPHRASING PRACTICE 2 -key
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
Don’t touch the match or you’ll burn your finger.
If I were you I wouldn’t touch the match.
I didn’t notice the man was in danger, so I didn’t help him.
If I had noticed the man was in danger, I would have helped him.
I’ll have a puff if it doesn’t bother you.
Unless it bothers you, I’ll have a puff.
He felt seasick because he hadn’t taken his pills.
If he had taken his pills he wouldn’t have felt seasick.
PASSIVES
Police think the murderer is in his twenties.
The murderer is thought to be in his twenties.
A German company makes the spare parts.
The spare parts are made by a German company.
People believe that the murder occurred at three o’clock
It is believed that the murder occurred at three o’clock.
I know they will not tell me the truth.
I know I will not be told the truth.
Passengers must not unfasten their safety belts before the aircraft comes to a stop.
The safety belts must not be unfastened before the aircraft comes to a stop.
People knew that the Russians made several experiments on it.
The Russians were known to make several experiments on it.
ALTHOUGH / IN SPITE OF
In spite of its violence, many people in the UK play rugby.
Although rugby is violent, many people in the UK play it.
In spite of his strength, he could not break down the door.
Although he is very strong, he could not break down the door.
Even though he knows a lot about the subject, he makes careless mistakes.
Despite knowing a lot about the subject / his knowledge about the subject, he makes careless mistakes.
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RELATIVE CLAUSES (WHO)
A man came to see me. He was Jean’s father.
The man who came to see me was Jean’s father.
Paul McCartney had a daughter six years ago. Paul McCartney is 66.
Paul McCartney, who is 66, had a daughter six years ago
INVERSIONS
He realised that the threat was real when he heard the explosion
Only when he heard the explosion did he realise that the threat was real.
As soon as the zookeeper opened the gate of the cage, the lion jumped right out of it.
No sooner did the zookeeper open the gate of the cage than the lion jumped right out of it.
They were not aware of their difficult situation until they ran out of water.
Not until they ran out of water were they aware of their difficult situation.
TOO / ENOUGH
Rachel was too incompetent to be trusted.
Rachel wasn’t competent enough to be trusted.
You always find time to go out for a beer.
You are never too busy to go out for a beer
This diamond ring is too expensive, he can’t buy it.
This diamond ring is too expensive for him to buy.
PURPOSE CLAUSES
They were vaccinated to make it possible for them to go on their honeymoon to Africa.
They were vaccinated so that they could go on their honeymoon to Africa.
Last Saturday he had a nap because he wanted to stay awake at night.
Last Saturday he had a nap so that he could stay awake at night.
HAD BETTER
You shouldn’t eat salty things.
You had better not eat salty things.
If you don’t apologise immediately you won’t see me again.
You’d better apologise immediately or you wont see me again.
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QUICK REVIEW OF VERB TENSES
PRESENT +: I work / he works +: I am working +: I have worked /she has +: I have been living
-: I don't work / he doesn't work -: you aren't working worked -: I haven't been living
? : do you work / does he work? ? : is he working ? -: you haven't seen ?: Have you been living?
* for, since
ever, just
PAST +: I worked / I bought +: I was working / you were +: I had bought / I had worked +: I had been listening
-: I didn't buy/ I didn't work working ... -: I hadn't bought -: I hadn't been listening
? : did you buy ? -: he wasn't working ?: had you bought? ? : Had you been listening?
* yesterday
ago
last ......
FUTURE +: I will + infinitive (I will come, +: I will be listening +: I will have listened +: I will have been watching
he will come) -_:I will not (won't) be listening -: I will not (won't) have listened -: I won't have been watching
-: He will not (won't) come ?: Will you be coming? ? : Will you have finished ? : Will you have been watching