DEC 98 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS GEMS L-2D9

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE

1. SCOPE .............................................................. 2

2. REFERENCES ......................................................... 2
2.1 Purchaser Specifications ..................................... 2
2.2 Purchaser Drawings ........................................... 2
2.3 Industry Codes and Standards ................................. 2

3. GENERAL ............................................................ 3

4. DEFINITIONS ........................................................ 3

5. DESIGN ............................................................. 3
5.1 Preliminary Survey and Report ................................ 3
5.2 Design Criteria .............................................. 5
5.3 Life ......................................................... 5
5.4 Galvanic Anodes .............................................. 5
5.5 Rectifier and Ground Bed Systems ............................. 6
5.6 Cathodic Interference ........................................ 6
5.7 Isolating Connections ........................................ 6

6. MATERIALS .......................................................... 6
6.1 Galvanic Anodes and Backfill ................................. 6
6.2 Impressed Current Anodes and Backfield ....................... 8
6.3 Rectifiers ................................................... 10
6.4 Transformers ................................................. 12
6.5 Conductors and Terminals ..................................... 13

7. INSTALLATION ....................................................... 13
7.1 Rectifiers ................................................... 13
7.2 Anodes ....................................................... 13
7.3 Cathodic Protection Potential Stations for Tanks ............. 15
7.4 Cathodic Protection Test Stations ............................ 15

PAGE 1 OF 15
©TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DEC 98 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS GEMS L-2D9

1. SCOPE

This specification defines minimum technical requirements for cathodic

protection systems for underground or submerged metallic structures.

2. REFERENCES

2.1 Purchaser Specifications

This specification contains references to the following Purchaser
specifications:
1. GEMS GC, “General Conditions - General Equipment and Material
Specifications”.
2. GEMS A-1D, “Design of Foundations and Structures”.
3. GEMS A-1P, “Construction of Concrete Structures (PIP STS03001)”.
2.2 Purchaser Drawings
This specification contains references to the following Purchaser
drawings:
1. 11S-2402, “Cathodic Protection Potential Stations at Tank
Perimeter”.
2. 11S-2403, “Cathodic Protection - Typical Bonding Pipes and Tanks”.
3. 11S-2425, “Typical Details of Galvanic Anode Cathodic Protection
Systems”.
4. 11S-2538, “Cathodic Protection - Typical Details of Bonds at
Flexible Couplings”.
5. 11S-2539, “Cathodic Protection - Typical Details of Test Stations”.
6. 11S-2644, “Cathodic Protection - Rectifier, Anode 8, Bond
Installation Details”.
2.3 Industry Codes and Standards
This specification contains references to the following industry codes
and standards:
2.3.1 American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM)
1. A 123, “Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized)
Coatings on Iron and Steel Products”.
2. A 153, “Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot Dip) on Iron
and Steel Hardware”.
3. A 385, “Practice for Providing High Quality Zinc Coatings
(Hot Dip)”.
4. A 518, “Specification for Corrosion-Resistant High Silicon
Iron Castings”.
2.3.2 Military Specifications and Standards
MIL-A-18001.
2.3.3 NACE International
1. RP0169, “Control of External Corrosion on Underground or
Submerged Metallic Piping Systems”.

PAGE 2 OF 15
©TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DEC 98 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS GEMS L-2D9

2. RP0177, “Mitigation of Alternating Current and Lightning

Effects on Metallic Structures and Corrosion Control
Systems”.
3. RP0193, “External Cathodic Protection of On-Grade Metallic
Storage Tank Bottoms”.
4. RP0286, “The Electrical Isolation of Cathodically
Protected Pipelines”.
5. RP0572, “Design, Installation, Operation and Maintenance
of Impressed Current Deep Groundbeds”.
2.3.4 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
70, “National Electrical Code (NEC)”.

3. GENERAL

1. General conditions shall comply with GEMS GC.

2. Cathodic protection systems shall be designed and installed in
accordance with the NEC and NACE RP0169, RP0177, RP0286, RP0572,
and RP0193.
3. Equipment supplied for galvanic and/or impressed current systems
shall be manufacturer’s standard.
4. Electrical equipment for impressed current system shall be rated for
outdoor installation.
5. Equipment shall be approved for electrical area classification in
which it is installed.

4. DEFINITIONS

1. Electrolyte - Media in contact with the structure to be protected.

2. Ground Bed - Group of anodes electrically bonded together and used
for passing current into electrolyte.

5. DESIGN

5.1 Preliminary Survey and Report

5.1.1 General
1. A site study shall be performed to:
a. Confirm need for cathodic protection.
b. Determine whether galvanic anode or impressed current
system is appropriate.
2. Survey shall generally be conducted by a contractor
specializing in cathodic protection design.
5.1.2 Field Survey Checklist
The following information shall be gathered and reviewed prior
to field survey:
1. Route maps.
2. Piping plans.
3. Tank and vessel construction details.
4. Material selection.

PAGE 3 OF 15
©TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DEC 98 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS GEMS L-2D9

5. Coating specification.
6. Cased crossing locations.
7. Test station locations.
8. Insulating device locations.
9. Electrical bond locations.
10. Electrical area classification drawings.
11. Aerial, bridge, and underwater crossings.
5.1.3 Field Survey Checklist
The following shall be determined and/or confirmed by field
survey:
1. Current requirements to meet applicable criteria.
2. Electrolyte resistivity and pH of soil at various
locations.
3. Electrical isolation.
4. Electrical continuity.
5. Coating quality.
6. Leak history.
7. Interference conditions.
8. Special environmental conditions.
9. Nearby metallic structures.
10. Structure accessibility.
11. Existing cathodic protection systems.
12. Electrical power availability.
5.1.4 Report of Study Findings
1. Report shall be provided to enable Purchaser to consider
need for a cathodic protection system.
2. Report shall include:
a. Field data sheets showing date, test location, soil
conditions (including soil pH data), weather
conditions, landmark references, orientation and
spacing of soil resistivity pins, resistance measured,
depth correction, multiplication factor, and
calculated resistivity.
b. Tabulation of possible groundbed locations, with site
data described, as well as a field sketch of location.
Possible groundbed sites shall be indicated on field
sketches.
c. Analysis and evaluation of test data by an accredited
corrosion engineer who possesses professional
engineering license or NACE cathodic protection
specialist.
d. Recommendation on need for cathodic protection and
types of systems, including anode types, and anode bed
types that would be most effective.

PAGE 4 OF 15
©TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DEC 98 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS GEMS L-2D9

e. Estimate of cost for engineering, installation, and

material, including applicable taxes for each cathodic
protection system recommended for installation.
5.2 Design Criteria
5.2.1 Piping
1. Buried pipes with pipe-to-electrolyte potentials of -0.85
volt (or more negative) referred to copper sulfate
electrode placed directly over pipe shall be considered
adequately protected.
2. Valid interpretation of potential measurements shall
consider:
a. Voltage (IR) drops in addition to those across the
structure-electrolyte boundary.
b. Presence of dissimilar metals.
c. Influence of other nearby structures.
5.2.2 Tanks and Steel Structures
1. Existing steel tanks protected by a remote anode bed(s)
and with tank-to-electrolyte potential of -1.2 volt (or
more negative) referred to copper sulfate electrode placed
in soil as close as practical to tank shall be considered
adequately protected, provided that there is an historical
record showing no significant external tank bottom
corrosion.
2. Existing steel tank bottoms under cathodic protection but
with a history of external tank bottom corrosion shall use
a minimum of one slotted or perforated plastic pipe to
make potential measurements under tank with a portable
reference electrode. Slotted or perforated plastic pipe(s)
shall be installed horizontally under tank bottom and
extend from ring wall to center of tank.
3. All new tanks, which will have tank bottoms protected by
cathodic protection systems, shall have permanent
reference electrodes buried under bottoms during
construction. A minimum of two permanent reference
electrodes shall be buried at center of all new tanks.
Additional permanent reference electrodes may be buried at
appropriate locations under tank bottoms during
construction. Test leads from reference electrodes shall
be brought to a junction box located on outside of tank
ring wall.
5.3 Life
1. Galvanic anode systems protecting pipe in soil shall be designed to
provide a minimum life of 20 years.
2. Distributed galvanic anode systems protecting external tank bottoms
shall be designed to provide a minimum life of 20 years.
3. Impressed current anode systems shall be designed to provide a
minimum life of 20 years.
5.4 Galvanic Anodes
1. Galvanic anodes to be installed in soil shall be prepackaged high
potential magnesium. Anode material shall comply with Section
6.1.1.

PAGE 5 OF 15
©TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DEC 98 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS GEMS L-2D9

2. Galvanic anodes to be installed in sea or brackish water, resulting

in high current outputs, shall be either:
a. High purity zinc conforming to MIL-A-18001.
b. Aluminum with chemical composition specified in Section 6.1.4.
5.5 Rectifier and Ground Bed Systems
1. Oil immersed rectifiers shall be used for coastal or industrial
areas, where moisture, dust, or corrosive fumes may be present.
2. Oil immersed rectifiers with explosion proof fittings shall be used
in NEC Class 1, Group D, Division 1 and Division 2, locations.
3. If oil immersed units or oil immersed units with explosion proof
fittings are not required, air cooled rectifiers may be used.
4. Ground beds shall be designed such that interference is minimized
on underground structures owned by others.
5.6 Cathodic Interference
1. Cathodic protection applied to a metallic structure in soil or
water (e.g., pipeline) shall have an electrical interference bond
between protected structure and any foreign structure adversely
affected by the new cathodic protection system.
2. Electrical interference bond shall drain sufficient current to
eliminate adverse effects on the foreign structure.
5.7 Isolating Connections
1. Isolating flanges or equivalent electrical isolating connections
shall be used:
a. If it is desired to sectionalize pipelines electrically to
control current flows.
b. On cathodically protected lines that tie into facilities or
lines not cathodically protected. Electrical interference
bonds may be required. (Refer to Section 5.6).
c. On protected lines connecting to foreign facilities.
2. Underground isolation flanges are discouraged. If underground
isolation flanges are installed without electrical interference
bonds, exposed flange surfaces shall be coated extra thick with
epoxy or mastic, free of imperfections, to prevent electrical
shorting across flange.

6. MATERIALS

6.1 Galvanic Anodes and Backfill

6.1.1 High Potential Alloy Magnesium Anodes
High potential magnesium alloy anodes shall have the following
composition:

PAGE 6 OF 15
©TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DEC 98 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS GEMS L-2D9

Element Percent
Aluminum 0.01 Maximum
Zinc 0.004 Maximum
Manganese 0.5 to 1.3
Copper 0.02
Nickel 0.001 Maximum
Iron 0.025 Maximum
Other 0.05 each or 0.3 Maximum Total
Magnesium Remainder

6.1.2 Magnesium Anode Size and Current Rating

Magnesium anodes shall be sized and rated as follows:

Designation Rating (lb) Ampere Years

9 0.5
17 1.0
32 2.0
48 3.0

NOTE: Designated rating based on 50% efficiency. Total energy

content of magnesium is 1000 ampere-hours per pound. At 50%
efficiency, useful energy content is 500 ampere-hours per
pound. Approximate magnesium consumption rate is 17 pounds per
ampere year.
6.1.3 Backfill
1. Backfill material composition shall be:
a. Ground Hydrated Gypsum - 75%.
b. Powdered Bentonite - 20%.
c. Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate - 5%.
2. Quantity of backfill material for each anode shall not be
less than the following:

Anode Backfill Approximate

Weight (lb) Weight (lb) Package Weight (lb)
9 15 23
17 25 42
32 38 70
48 48 96

3. Standard lead wire shall be 10 feet of No. 12 AWG

insulated copper wire. Insulation shall be as specified in
Section 6.5, paragraph 1.
6.1.4 Aluminum Anodes
1. Aluminum anodes shall not be used in soil environments.
2. “Galvalum III” or equivalent aluminum alloy anodes shall
be used in sea or brackish water environments.
3. Aluminum alloy anodes shall have the following
composition:

PAGE 7 OF 15
©TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DEC 98 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS GEMS L-2D9

Element Percent
Zinc 2.8 to 6.5
Silicon 0.08 to 0.20
Copper 0.006 Maximum
Iron 0.12 Maximum
Others, each 0.02
Aluminum Remainder

6.2 Impressed Current Anodes and Backfield

6.2.1 Graphite Anodes
1. Graphite anodes shall:
a. Be solid graphite cylinders impregnated with linseed
oil, wax, or phenolic resin under pressure.
b. Be 3 inches by 60 inches or 4 inches by 80 inches.
c. Have center cable connections.
2. Untreated graphite anodes shall not be used.
3. Graphite anode cap compound shall:
a. Be a two component material (HEXCEL 7CC2 or equal)
consisting of hardener and resin especially formulated
for anode caps.
b. Be chemical resistant and water resistant.
c. Exhibit low toxicity.
d. Form tightly bonded seal to anode material and lead
wire.
6.2.2 High Silicon Cast Iron Anode
1. High silicon cast iron alloy anodes shall comply with ASTM
A 518 Grade 3 and the following composition:

Composition Percent
Silicon 14.20 to 14.75
Chromium 3.25 to 5.00
Carbon 0.70 to 1.10
Manganese 1.50 Maximum
Copper 0.50 Maximum
Molybdenum 0.20 Maximum

2. Anodes may be solid castings or centrifugally cast with a

hollow center.
3. For lead wire connections to solid anodes, recessed end
cavity for cable connection shall be filled with Ozite B
or equivalent electrical sealant.
4. End connection anodes shall have heat shrink or epoxy cap
to protect connection area.
5. Lead wire shall be connected to centrifugally cast anodes
with mechanical connectors at the center of anode.
6. Open ends of centrifugally cast anodes shall be sealed
with Ozite B or equivalent to prevent water entry into
anode and protect lead wire connection.

PAGE 8 OF 15
©TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DEC 98 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS GEMS L-2D9

6.2.3 Mixed Metal Oxide Anodes

1. Mixed metal oxide anodes may be used for surface and deep
anode bed installations.
2. Anode material shall consist of proprietary mixed metal
oxides coated on titanium or niobium substrate in tubular,
wire, or thin ribbon shape.
3. Anode life shall be determined by mixed metal oxide
thickness.
4. All lead wire connections to mixed metal oxide anodes
shall be factory made.
6.2.4 Other Anode Types
1. Impressed current anodes of other materials, including
steel, platinum, or conductive polymers, may be used for
specific applications.
2. These anodes shall be used in accordance with
manufacturer’s recommendations.
6.2.5 Anode Backfill
1. Metallurgical Coke Breeze
a. Metallurgical coke breeze may be used for surface
horizontal or vertical anode beds.
b. Surface beds shall not exceed 20 feet in depth.
c. Electrical resistivity shall be between 10 and 50
ohm-centimeters.
d. Density shall be 45 to 50 pounds per cubic foot.
e. Particle size shall be 3/8 inch or smaller.
f. Metallurgical coke breeze composition shall meet the
following:

Component Percent
Coke Carbon 86.5 Minimum
Ash 10.0 Minimum
Sulfur 1.68 Maximum
Volatiles 1.5 Maximum
Moisture 0.40 Maximum

2. Calcined Petroleum Coke Breeze

a. Calcined petroleum coke breeze shall be used in deep
anode beds (i.e., anode beds greater than 20 feet in
depth).
b. Calcined petroleum coke breeze properties shall meet
the following:
(1) Fixed carbon content - 99% maximum.
(2) Resistivity - 10 ohm-centimeters maximum.
(3) Bulk density - 65 to 75 pounds per cubic foot.

PAGE 9 OF 15
©TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DEC 98 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS GEMS L-2D9

6.3 Rectifiers
6.3.1 General
1. Rectifying elements shall be silicon diode type or
approved equal. Rectifiers may be installed in areas of
high thunderstorm activity. Rectifier elements and control
components of rectifier shall include surge protection as
required to withstand associated lightning transients.
2. Rectifier current rating shall not exceed rectifier cell
manufacturer’s recommended stack output for continuous
operation at 45°C.
3. RMS voltage rating of rectifier stack shall withstand,
without damage, full output of transformer secondary if
load is disconnected from DC terminals (i.e., under open
circuit conditions).
4. Rectifiers shall have:
a. AC thermal magnetic circuit breaker with suitable trip
setting having a current rating not less than 110% nor
more than 125% of transformer maximum input current.
b. Voltage rating not less than transformer voltage
rating.
c. Breakers connected to interrupt ungrounded service
conductors.
d. Lightning arresters in AC input and DC output.
e. Continuous reading DC voltmeter and DC ammeter.
Ammeter shall have:
(1) External shunt, plainly marked to show ampere
rating and millivolt drop. DC shunt shall be
mounted on front panel of rectifier.
(2) Meter accuracy variation not exceeding 2%.
f. Sufficient lugs to connect DC negative and positive
leads individually to rectifier.
g. Suitable voltage adjustment taps to permit voltage
adjustment from zero to rated output with sufficient
voltage provided to compensate for aging of rectifying
elements.
5. Rectifier terminals, connector, bolts, and contact
hardware shall be copper, brass, or bronze.
6. Current carrying bolts, terminals, and connections made
through panel shall be soldered to bolt head or made by
double nut method.
7. Rectifier wire terminations shall:
a. Have suitable locking connectors.
b. Be soldered after crimping.
8. Rectifier tap changing studs and output lugs shall as a
minimum be 5/16 inch in diameter.
9. Except for transformer secondary, AC connections shall:
a. Be made at insulated terminal blocks.
b. Be shielded against accidental contact.

PAGE 10 OF 15
©TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DEC 98 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS GEMS L-2D9

c. Be clearly marked with terminal identification number.

d. Accept No. 8 AWG stranded copper wire.
10. Outside grounding lug shall be provided for No. 6 AWG
ground wire.
11. DC output terminals shall be:
a. Solderless pressure connectors for wire sizes from No.
6 to 1/0 AWG stranded copper.
b. Clearly identified on panel as “POSITIVE” and
“NEGATIVE”.
12. Relative to cable entrance, DC output terminal locations
shall provide:
a. Proper position and slack room for convenient cable
installations.
b. Normal panel movement in servicing rectifier.
13. Rectifiers shall be suitable for continuous operation at
115°F ambient temperature.
14. Oil immersed explosion proof and nonexplosion proof
rectifiers shall have:
a. Rectifying elements, transformers, and load changing
taps fully immersed in inhibited transformer oil
approved by Purchaser.
b. Exit wires from rectifier tanks equipped with bare
solid copper riser bars above oil level to prevent oil
siphoning.
c. Accessible case oil drains.
15. Oil immersed explosion proof rectifiers shall have union
and seal above and below AC breaker.
16. The following shall be specified by project:
a. Number of rectifiers required.
b. AC input voltage, phases, and frequency.
c. DC output volts and amperes.
d. Mounting (base, pole, or other).
e. DC output lug size.
6.3.2 Nameplate
Rectifier shall have permanent stamped or engraved metal
nameplate that specifies:
1. Name of manufacturer.
2. Rectifier model number.
3. Rectifier serial number.
4. DC output voltage rating.
5. DC output current rating.
6. Ambient temperature rating.
7. AC input voltage, frequency, and phase.
8. Maximum AC input current.

PAGE 11 OF 15
©TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DEC 98 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS GEMS L-2D9

6.3.3 Rectifier Case

1. Rectifier case and case cover shall be:
a. Fabricated from 11 gage steel.
b. Equipped with suitable pole mounting channel or base
mounting legs welded to case prior to galvanizing
c. Hot dipped galvanized after fabrication in accordance
with ASTM A 385 and ASTM A 123.
2. Case shall have hinged door with positive locking device
that accepts lock with 3/8 inch diameter shank.
3. Rectifier case supports shall:
a. Be structural steel.
b. Be hot dipped galvanized in accordance ASTM A 153 and
ASTM A 123.
4. Case for oil immersed explosion proof and nonexplosion
proof rectifiers shall be suitable for base mounting.
5. Explosion proof rectifier shall be used in areas where
excessive atmospheric dust may be encountered.
6. Case for air cooled rectifier shall:
a. Be suitable for mounting on power or communication
line pole.
b. Have screen ventilation openings.
7. Case shall be grounded to negative DC terminal. For
explosion proof rectifier, ground connection shall be made
inside case.
6.4 Transformers
1. Transformer rating shall:
a. Not be less than required for rectifier maximum capacity.
b. Have maximum 55°C heating rise (temperature of 100°C in 50°C
ambient).
2. Transformer current and voltage ratings shall be derated for higher
ambient temperatures as recommended by manufacturer.
3. Transformer shall:
a. Have separate primary and secondary copper windings.
b. Be specifically designed for use in cathodic protection
rectifier.
4. Wire size on both transformer windings shall as a minimum be based
on 1000 circular mils per ampere.
5. Core material shall be of such quality that core losses do not
exceed 0.62 watt per pound.
6. Three phase rectifiers, if specified, shall have either:
a. 3 phase transformer with 3 separate winding legs.
b. 3 separate transformers.
7. Transformer windings shall be copper with type “H” insulation.

PAGE 12 OF 15
©TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DEC 98 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS GEMS L-2D9

8. Transformer primary winding shall have AC input connections at

terminal block with clearly marked connections.
9. Transformer secondary winding shall have nine integrally formed
taps (including the two ends). Taps shall:
a. Provide four 20% steps and four 5% steps of rated voltage such
that output voltage can be changed in 5% increments from 5% to
100% of rated voltage.
b. Be terminated on rectifier panel.
c. Have two connection links for connecting taps by hand without
tools.
10. Transformers shall be immersed in Class F transformer varnish until
all taps, insulating materials, outer wrapping, and coil windings
are saturated. After immersion, transformer shall be oven baked to
dry condition.
6.5 Conductors and Terminals
1. Unless specified otherwise, wire for galvanic anodes shall be No.
12 AWG copper, TW insulated.
2. Unless specified otherwise, wire for graphite anodes shall as a
minimum be No. 8 AWG stranded copper with Type CP high molecular
weight polyethylene insulation.
3. Cable size shall be as required by power consideration. Cable size
for rectifier-ground bed systems shall as a minimum be No. 4 AWG
stranded copper with Type CP high molecular weight polyethylene
insulation.

7. INSTALLATION

7.1 Rectifiers
1. Unless specified otherwise, oil immersed explosion proof and
nonexplosion proof rectifiers shall be securely mounted on
reinforced concrete pad in accordance with Drawing 11S-2644.
2. Reinforced concrete pads shall comply with GEMS A-1D.
3. Air cooled rectifiers shall be pole mounted in accordance with
Drawing 11S-2644.
4. AC wiring shall be enclosed in rigid conduit from existing power
takeoff to rectifier.
5. Unless specified otherwise, underground conduit shall be encased in
red concrete envelope in accordance with GEMS A-1P.
6. Wiring shall comply with the NEC.
7. DC wiring from rectifiers shall be placed in rigid conduit to a
point approximately 18 inches below ground.
8. External disconnect switch shall be installed for each rectifier.
9. Rectifier cases shall be grounded.
7.2 Anodes
7.2.1 Ground Bed Anodes
Ground bed anodes shall be installed in horizontal or vertical
bed in accordance with detail on Drawing 11S-2644.

PAGE 13 OF 15
©TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DEC 98 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS GEMS L-2D9

7.2.2 Galvanic Anodes

Galvanic anodes shall be installed in accordance with Drawing
11S-2425.
7.2.3 Surface Anode Beds
1. Underground splices shall be kept to a minimum.
2. Cable splices shall be made with a suitably sized copper
compression connector and proper compression tool.
3. Splices shall be sealed against moisture penetration.
Acceptable sealing methods shall be:
a. Epoxy splice kits.
b. Heat shrink material manufactured specifically for
splice protection.
4. Underground direct burial cable shall be installed such
that damage to insulation is prevented.
5. Backfill material shall be free of rocks or other matter
that could damage cable insulation.
7.2.4 Deep Anode Beds
1. Drilling fluid shall be flushed with clear water. Results
shall be subject to Purchaser approval.
2. Coke breeze shall be mixed with water in thick slurry.
Slurry shall be installed in hole by either:
a. Pumping from bottom.
b. Top loading as conditions permit.
3. During slurry pouring operation, bridging of coke shall be
prevented (or cleared). Settlement may be checked by
electrical measurement or calibrated measuring tape.
4. To maintain local groundwater quality, alterations to
standard deep groundbed design may be required. Steps to
be taken shall include:
a. Investigation of local and state regulations regarding
deep groundbeds.
b. Investigation of local geological conditions and/or
previous experience.
c. Use of casing through known freshwater zones.
d. Use of Bentonite or cement plugs between freshwater
zones.
7.2.5 Bonding and Splicing
1. Tank and pipeline bonding shall comply with Drawing
11S-2403.
2. Bonding by thermite weld (such as Cadweld or Thermoweld)
shall be used if welding is permitted in installation
area.
3. Connections shall be coated with approved underground
mastic coating.
4. Test wires shall have adequate slack to prevent damage
during back filling or soil settlement.

PAGE 14 OF 15
©TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DEC 98 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS GEMS L-2D9

5. Anode and anode header cable connections shall be made in

accordance with Drawings 11S-2644 and 11S-2425.
6. Bonds at flexible pipeline couplings shall comply with
Drawing 11S-2538.
7.3 Cathodic Protection Potential Stations for Tanks
Cathodic protection potential stations for 4 inch fiber conduit with
caps shall be installed in accordance with Drawing 11S-2402.
7.4 Cathodic Protection Test Stations
Cathodic protection test stations shall comply with Drawing 11S-2539.

PAGE 15 OF 15
©TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT