Aim

is there a memory bias in people with depression

Participants
depressed and non-depressed college students
Procedure
They gave participants and word-stem completion task to see if they would "recall"
words with a positive/negative connotation
Results
depressed participants showed a memory bias for negative words
Evaluation
- low level of ecological validity due to the control over the environment; as a result, it
has (+) high internal validity
-sampling bias in that having students do such a task may remind them of
assessments which could affect their mood
- one has to question their actual diagnosis, so the construct of depression could be
challenged. Is the diagnosis the same for all participants

Ruiz-Caballero & Gonzalez (1994)/ QUIZLET

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APA ABSTRACT

Citation
Ruiz-Caballero, J. A., & González, P. (1994). Implicit and explicit memory bias in
depressed and nondepressed subjects. Cognition and Emotion, 8(6), 555–
569. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939408408959

Abstract
Two experiments investigated a possible mood-congruent memory bias in explicit
memory (free-recall test) and implicit memory (word-stem completion task) for
positive and negative words in depressed and nondepressed college students. It was
assumed that a comparison of implicit and explicit mood-congruent memory bias
would reveal the cognitive processes involved. A total of 92 adults participated. In
Exp 1, stimuli were 2 lists of 18 adjectives; the implicit task was presented before the
explicit task. Exp 2 included both intentional and incidental learning conditions; the
stimuli consisted of 2 lists of 27 adjectives. Results of both studies indicated that
depressed Ss showed a memory bias not only on the traditional explicit memory
task, but on the implicit memory task as well. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016
APA, all rights reserved)