INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In light of increasing environmental concerns and the growing

demand for sustainable technologies, our research endeavors to introduce
Lampalight, an innovative oil lamp crafted from castor bean extract and
cooking oil. The Lampalight represents a significant departure from
traditional lighting systems, offering a sustainable alternative that
capitalizes on natural resources and innovative design principles. This
research stems from the urgent need to address the environmental impact of
conventional lighting methods and to explore viable solutions that prioritize
sustainability.

Historically, oil lamps have served as essential sources of light,

offering illumination in various settings ranging from domestic dwellings to
outdoor environments. Previous research has explored the efficacy of
different materials and fuels in optimizing the performance of oil lamps.
However, despite advancements in efficiency and design, significant
challenges persist in balancing functionality, sustainability, and
affordability.

The efficiency of oil lamps in providing lighting solutions, particularly

in communities with limited access to electricity, has been well-documented
in previous studies (Johnson & Smith, 2022). Lampalight seeks to build
upon this efficiency by harnessing the unique properties of castor bean
extract and cooking oil. Castor beans are rich in triglycerides, while cooking
oil consists predominantly of triglycerides and fatty acids, which contribute
to Lampalight's efficient combustion process (Jones et al., 2021).

Castor oil primarily consists of a triglyceride called ricinolein, which

makes up about 90% of its composition. Ricinolein is composed of three
fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol molecule, with the predominant fatty
acid being ricinoleic acid. The presence of the hydroxyl group increases the
polarity and viscosity of ricinolein, making it thicker and slower-burning
compared to other vegetable oils. This high viscosity and slow-burning
nature make castor oil suitable for use in lamps, as it provides a steady and
consistent flame.

Despite their benefits, it is crucial to acknowledge the associated risks

and safety considerations of utilizing castor beans and cooking oil. Castor
beans contain ricin, a toxic protein, necessitating careful extraction and
processing to ensure safety (Santos et al., 2020). Similarly, cooking oil poses
fire hazards if not handled properly. However, with appropriate precautions
and adherence to safety protocols, these risks can be effectively mitigated.

A comprehensive review of existing literature reveals a wealth of

research on the utilization of castor beans and cooking oil in various
applications, including biofuels, industrial processes, and culinary uses
(Gupta et al., 2019; Patel & Patel, 2020). Lampalight represents an
innovative application of this research, offering a practical solution to
lighting needs while promoting environmental sustainability.

The significance of Lampalight extends beyond its lighting capabilities,

encompassing social, economic, and environmental dimensions. By reducing
dependence on fossil fuels and promoting the use of renewable resources,
Lampalight contributes to mitigating carbon emissions and combating
climate change. Additionally, its affordability and accessibility make it a
viable option for communities with limited resources, thereby fostering
social equity and empowerment.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The Lampalight marks a significant shift from traditional lighting

methods, showing a clear commitment to sustainability in lighting
technology.

By using castor beans and cooking oil, we're reducing our reliance on
limited resources and promoting the use of renewable materials. This move
towards eco-friendly design has important benefits, from helping the
environment to supporting communities that rely on older lighting methods.
Moreover, the Lampalight isn't just about being green. It's a practical,
affordable lighting option that could improve life for millions of people
worldwide, especially in areas without electricity. By providing reliable light,
it can increase safety, productivity, and access to education, helping
communities thrive (Johnson, 2022).

GENERAL PROBLEM

Developing a sustainable and high-performance lamp oil from

renewable plant-based feedstocks, including castor beans and edible oils, to
replace conventional fossil fuel-derived options.

Specific Problems:

1. Determining the viability of producing a functional lamp oil that meets

burn time, flame quality, and combustion standards using castor
beans and specific edible oils as feedstocks.

2. Optimizing the blend ratio of castor bean oil and edible oils, as well as
identifying any required additives or processing techniques, to
maximize flame duration and combustion efficiency of the lamp oil
product.

3. Investigating and optimizing factors influencing flame duration when

using castor bean and edible oil-based lamp oil, including oil
composition, wick material, air flow, etc., to achieve the longest-
lasting flame.