Department of Education

Region III
DIVISION OF MABALACAT CITY

Name: Grade & Section:

School: Date:

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Science 6 (Q4-Lesson 2)
The Effects of Volcanic Eruption

I. Introduction

In 1991, people of Central Luzon experienced the explosive eruption of

Mt. Pinatubo after nearly 600 years of inactivity. It threw up billions of cubic
meters of ash into the air which brought a cooling of the earth’s surface for a
few years and affected the world’s climate. The provinces of Tarlac,
Pampanga, and Zambales were the most affected area. Many farmlands,
towns, and bridges were damaged and covered by lahar. It was considered
the worst eruption in Philippine history.

In this activity, you will be able to understand about the volcanoes

and their type, and how eruption affects our lives. There are also different
activities to test your knowledge as you go along so enjoy learning.

II. Learning Competencies

Describe the changes on the Earth’s surface as a result of

earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. (S6ES-IVa-1)

III. Objectives:

At the end of this Learning Activity Sheet, you are expected to:
1. identify the structure of a volcano;
2. enumerate types of volcanoes; and
3. describe the changes on the Earth’s surface as a result of a
volcanic eruption.

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IV. Discussion

A volcano is an opening in Earth’s crust that allows molten rock from

beneath the crust to reach the surface. This molten rock is
called magma when it is beneath the surface and lava when it erupts or
flows from a volcano. Along with lava, volcanoes also release gases, ash, and
rock. It’s a superhot mix that can be both incredibly destructive and
creative.

Structure of a Volcano

Source: www.nationalgeographic.org/media/volcano-satellite-images
Magma Chamber – A large under-ground pool of molten rock sitting under-
neath the Earth’s crust. This magma is less dense than the surrounding
mantle and so it seeps up to the surface through cracks and flaws in the
crust. Once it reaches the surface, volcano eruption occurs.

Lava – The rock which is expelled from a volcano when an eruption occurs.
When the lava first comes out, it has a temperature higher than 700 degrees
celsius. Then it will flow downhill from the eruption point until it cools and
hardens.

Main Vent – It is the point in the Earth’s crust where hot magma reaches
the surface. The familiar cone-shaped volcano builds up as ash and rock.
Lava which ejected during eruptions falls back to Earth around the vent.
Throat – part of the vent that ejects lava and volcanic ash.
Crater – mouth of the volcano that surrounds the vent
Ash Cloud – Volcanic ash consists of small pieces of pulverized rock and
glass which are created during eruptions. These fragments are so small and
heated to an extremely high temperature that they can be carried in the air
for many kilometers.

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Volcanic Bombs – Volcanic bombs are chunks of lava that blast into the air
and solidify before they reach the ground. Some bombs can be extremely
large, measuring 5-6 meters in diameter and landing more than 500 meters
from the volcanic vent.
Secondary Vent – On large volcanoes, magma will reach the surface
through several different vents, not just the main vent. This can form cones,
eject lava, and cause destruction.
Sills – are horizontal cracks between layers that often get filled with magma
as well.

Types of Volcano

According to Shape and Composition of the Cone

Shield Volcano - has a wide base with gentle

sloping sides. The cone is made up purely of
lava that has poured out and solidified
during a mild or quiet eruption. In addition
to a central vent, these volcanoes sometimes
have multiple vents around the top of the
dome and the upper portion of the slopes. As
magma rises from the magma chamber, the
conduit branches into secondary passages.
Source:www.owlcation.com/stem
These passages lead to vents on the flanks –
areas of the slopes that are adjacent to the crater.

Cinder Cone Volcano – built almost

entirely of loose fragments called cinders.
This volcano is formed by explosive
eruptions. Explosive eruptions eject lava
and rocks into the air. The lava fragments
solidify into small pieces of pyroclasts called
tephra. Cinder cone has a narrow base, a
very steep slope, and has bowl-shaped Source:www.owlcation.com/stem
craters.

Composite Volcano or Strato-volcano –

are composed of alternating layers of lava
and cinders. They are formed when volcanic
eruptions vary between quiet or explosive.
During explosive eruptions, a huge volume
of gases, ashes, and pyroclasts are ejected.
When the eruption switches to a quieter
period, a huge volume of lava is extruded
over the top of the pyroclastic layer. An
example of a composite volcano is the
Source:www.owlcation.com/stem
famous Mt. Mayon in Albay.

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According to Activity

Volcanoes are usually situated either near the boundaries between tectonic
plates or over geologically active hotspots.

Active volcanoes – a volcano is considered active if it is currently erupting

or showing regular signs of activity like earthquake activities and significant
gas emissions. An active volcano has a record of eruption within 50 years.

Dormant Volcanoes – are those that have currently erupted and then have
entered a long period of inactivity. Seismologists have found out that the
longer period of dormancy, the greater the chance of having a very explosive
eruption in the future. Volcanoes that have not erupted for decades or
centuries may cause the greatest volcanic threat to people and their
surrounding areas. An example of this is Mt. Pinatubo, which erupted
explosively after being dormant for about 600 years.

Extinct Volcanoes –It has no record of volcanic eruptions in the past

thousand years. Whether a volcano is truly extinct is often difficult to
determine.

Effects of Volcanic Eruptions

Beneficial Effects

1. Steam that comes out through holes called fumaroles produces

geothermal energy to generate electricity.
2. Lava and volcanic ash make the soil around the volcanoes fertile and
rich with minerals.
3. Volcanoes transport materials from deep inside the earth and are added
to the surface building a landform.
4. Volcanoes are sources of useful gases. Sulfur dioxide is made into
sulfuric acid. Ammonia is used for fertilizers. Methane is used for fuel.
Helium is used for filling balloons.
5. Rocks are used to build roads. Pumice is used in grinding and polishing
surfaces.
6. Volcanoes send out useful gases like nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon
dioxide. They are needed by plants to manufacture food.
7. Volcanoes add beauty to the landscape and attract tourists and other
visitors.
8. Volcanic eruptions also enable scientists to learn more about the interior
of the Earth.

Harmful Effects

1. Hot materials expelled can kill people and animals.

2. Plants are uprooted in the path of the eruption.
3. Lahar destroys houses, buildings, bridges, and the entire landscape.

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4. Volcanoes also expel poisonous gases.
5. Changes on the surface may accumulate into piles that may destroy
waterways and block travel routes.
6. Lahar flows may bury some places where volcanic eruptions occur.
7. Ashes and gases sent out can block out enough sunlight causing the
temperature to decrease. This change in temperature can disrupt
climates all over the world.
8. Volcanic eruptions cause earthquakes.
9. Volcanoes release gases that can cause skin allergies or asthma.

V. Activities

Activity #1
Label the structure of a volcano. Choose your answer inside the box.

magma chamber ash cloud secondary vent throat sill

layers of lava and ash crater main vent lava flow vent

Source: www.nationalgeographic.org/media/volcano-satellite-images/

Activity #2
Write CCV if the description refers to cinder cone volcano; SV if shield
volcano, and CV if composite volcano.

1. has a narrow base and steep sides

2. towering cone-shaped mountains
3. has a wide base and gentle slope
4. its example is Mt. Mayon

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 5. made of alternating layers of rock particles and lava
6. made mostly of larger rock particles called cinders
7. the cone is made up purely of lava that has poured out and
solidified during an eruption.
8. formed from explosive eruptions
9. formed from several quiet eruptions
10. formed from alternating violent and quite eruptions

Activity #3
Write a check (/) mark on the statement that describes the changes on the
Earth’s surface as a result of volcanic eruption and cross (x) if it is not.

1. Hot springs in volcanic areas can’t be used for medicinal and

recreational purposes.
2. Rocks from lava flows are used as construction materials.
3. It can affect places as far as two kilometers away from its
place.
4. Hot gases can be used to provide geothermal steam to generate
electricity.
5. Air and water pollution
6. Coconut, abaca, and sugarcane are grown in soils rich in
volcanic materials.
7. Volcanic ashes can make the land fertile.
8. Many crops and plants can survive after a volcanic eruption.
9. Lava that hardens creates a new landform.
10. Lahar flows pose a great danger as they can destroy and bury
everything on its path.

Activity #4

Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is not.

1. A volcanic eruption can be predicted.

2. All volcanoes emit the same kind of pyroclastic materials.
3. A cinder cone volcano is formed by explosive eruptions.
4. Mudflows occur when rain falls and mixes with ashes and
debris.
5. A volcano is considered active if it has no signs of activity.

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 6. People and the environment benefit from a volcanic eruption.
7. A dormant volcano stays dormant forever.
8. Volcanoes can be found in snow-covered areas.
9. Volcanic eruptions pose hazards to people.
10. Precautionary measures should be followed before, during and
after a volcanic eruption.

VI. References:

Apolinario, Nenita A., Padpad, Evelyn Castante, Santos, Gil Nonato C. Ph.D. 2017. The New
Science Links @ Rex Printing Company, Quezon City

https://martinezadedotcom.wordpress.com/2018/10/03/shield-volcano/

https://sites.google.com/site/kilaueavolcanoinhawaii/how-a-volcano-is-formed/structure-com-
ponents-of-a-volcano

https://sciencing.com/main-parts-volcano-5431616.html

beam-dlp%206/science_6_dlp_57_-_types_of_volcanoes_according_to_shape_and_volcanic
_eruption.pdf

beam-dlp%206/science_6_dlp_55%20_-_volcanic%20eruptions.pdf

beam-dlp%206/science_6_dlp_58_-_effects_of_volcanic_eruptions.pdf

science2019/activity%20card/activity%20sheet.pdf

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VII. Development Team

Development Team of the Learning Activity Sheets

Writer: Jarmi D. Dizon
Editor: Cristina L. Dizon, PhD
Reviewers: Ala M. Elagio, Maricel I. Santos, Romina Dela Cruz
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Erickson S. Sabacan, EdD, CESO VI
Leandro C. Canlas, PhD CESE
Elizabeth O. Latorilla, PhD
Sonny N. De Guzman, EdD
Cristina L. Dizon, PhD
Elizabeth C. Miguel, EdD