1. Students must adhere to the assigned topics.

2. Each student is required to create original summaries on specific topics assigned by the
instructor.
3. Summaries should be concise yet comprehensive, covering essential concepts and
principles related to each topic.
4. Plagiarism in any form will not be tolerated. All summaries must be original work,
written in your own words.
5. Conduct thorough research using reputable sources such as textbooks, scholarly articles,
and academic websites.
6. Take notes and ensure a clear understanding of the material before summarizing it.
7. Properly cite any direct quotes or specific information obtained from sources.
8. Use your own analysis and interpretation to enhance the quality of the summaries.
9. Any instances of plagiarism will result in severe penalties, including a failing grade for
the assignment and possible disciplinary action.
10. Summaries should be submitted in a specified format, such as Microsoft Word or PDF
documents.
11. Submit your summaries through the designated online platform or email address by the
deadline specified by the instructor.
12. Submit your summaries through the designated online platform by the deadline specified
by the instructor.

 CPU (Central Processing Unit)

 Memory Hierarchy
 Input/Output Devices
 Bus Architecture
 Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)
 Types of instructions
 Addressing modes
 Instruction execution cycle
 Processor Architecture
 CPU organization
 Registers and data paths
 Arithmetic and logic units (ALU)
 Control unit
 Pipelining
 Pipelined datapath design
 Pipeline hazards and solutions
 Performance metrics and evaluation
 Memory Systems
 Memory hierarchy (cache, main memory, secondary storage)
 Cache organization and optimization
 Virtual memory
 Memory management techniques
 Input/Output Systems
 I/O organization
 I/O interfaces and protocols
 Device controllers
 Interrupt handling
 Multiprocessor and Multicore Architectures
 Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) vs. asymmetric multiprocessing
 Cache coherence protocols
 Multithreading and parallel processing