COURSE:

IPE504P
RESENTATI
ONGROUP

P
ROJ
ECTTOP
IC:
DISCUSSJ
IGSANDFI
XTURES

GROUP1

GROUPMEMBERS
ACHUNULOHENRYUCHENNA 20181106263
ADI
GWENATHANI
EL 20181084463
CHI
DUBEM
AGALABAI
FEANYIP
RECI
OUS 20181084563
AGBI
MAUSTI
NCHI
NAEMEREM 20181116053
AGWUGEOFFERYI
SHA 20181084203
AKAHIBEKINGSLEY 20181095823
UCHECHUKWU
AKUAGBANNAMDIABRAHAM 20181104383
AMAEFULEMI
CHEALUNEZE 20181084653
ANENECHUKWUEBUKA 20181112733
ANDREW
ANYANWUCHI
JIOKEJ
UDE 20181104583
ANYI
SIAJ
OSEP
HLOUI
S.O. 20181094333

28TH J
DATE: ANUARY2024

SUP
ERVI
SOR:
ENGRMRSCHI
ABOUTU

1
 DI
SCUSSJ
IGSANDFI
XTURES
Ji
gsandf ixture saree ssentialtoolsi npr e
cisionmanuf actur i
ng, use dtopr eciselyposi
tion,
hold,ands uppor twor kpiecesandc uttingt ools.J
igsar ede vi
ce sthatgui deac utti
ngtoolto
performar epe tit
ivet ask,suc hasdr i
ll
ingort appinghol es,whi l
ef ixturesar eus edtohold
ands uppor tt hewor kpiecedur ingmac hiningope rations.The yof fe rseveraladvant ages,
i
nc l
udingi ncre asedpr oduc tionr ate,reduc edde pende nceonmanuals kill
,andc ost
reduction. Ji
gsandf ixtur e
sar ede signedf orl arge-s
cal eproduc tiont oe nsuret he
i
nt erc
hange abilit
yanduni formqual it
yofpar t
s.Theypl ayac ruc ialroleinr educingi
dle
ti
me ,increas i
ngac curac y,andmi nimizingmanual me asureme ntandal i
gnme nt.Overall
,
theset oolscont ributet ohighe rpr oduc ti
onr at es
,reduc eds crap, andl owe rlaborc os
ts,
ulti
mat e
lyl e
adi ngt oar educ t
ioni nuni tcos t.
Ji
gsandf i
x turesares pecial
izedt oolsusedinmanuf acturingtosecurewor kpiecesand
guidecutti
ngors hapingt ools,ens uri
ngpre ci
si
onandr epe at
abil
it
yi nproduc t
ionpr oces
ses
.
Thesespecializ
edde vicesplayapi votalrol
eins ec
ur i
ngwor kpi
eces,guidi
ngc uttingtools
,
ande nsur
ingt her epeatabili
tyofc omplexope r
ations.The yaretail
oredtot hes peci
fic
needsofpr oduc t
ion,facil
itatingt asksrangingfromdr ill
ingandwe l
dingtomi ll
ingand
assembly.The ynotonl ye nhanc et heaccuracyandqual i
tyoff i
nis
he dproduc t
sbutal so
si
gnifi
cantlyr educepr oductiont i
me ,makingt hemi nvaluableasset
si nmode rn
manuf act
ur ingproc e
s se
s.

J
igsandFi
xtur
es
Somemac hi
ningoperationsarestrai
ght f
or ward,suchasturning,wherethewor kpi
eceis
secure
dinthechuckandmac hinedwithoutaddi tionale
quipme nt.However
,c omple
x
operati
onsre
quir
egui danceandpr eci
sepos it
ioning.Insuchcases,atool
-guidingdevi
ceis
knownasaj i
g,whil
eawor kpi
ec e
-posi
tioningde vi
c ei
scall
edaf ix
ture.

J
igsandfi
xture
sarespe
cial
is
edtool
sdes
igne
dt ostr
eamli
neproduct
ionpr
ocess
es,ens
uri
ng
i
nter
changeabi
li
tybyadher
ingt
oe s
tabl
is
hedtole
rance
s.The
ye st
abli
shaconnect
ionwit
h

2
t
ole
ranc
ebe t
wee
nthewor
kandc
utt
ingt
ool
,el
imi
nat
ingt
hene
edf
oruni
ques
etupsf
or
e
achpart.

Whati
saJ
ig?
Ajigisaspeci
aliz
ed,cust
om- madewor k-holdingde vi
cede s
ignedt opos i
tionandc ontrol
themoveme ntofworkpiecesandt ool
spreci
s e
ly. I
nCNCmac hi
ning, j
igsarec ommonly
employedtoalignworkpiecesandc ut
tingtools ,
ensuri
ngt hecorr e
c tspatialre
lati
onship
duri
ngope rat
ions.Whil
ethej i
gguidesthewor kpie
ce,thecutti
ngt oolr emainsstati
onary,
andc l
ampingtypical
lysecurestheworkpiecet otheji
gf ormac hining.
Type
sofJ
igs
Ji
gsar ee s
s ent
ialtoolsinmanufactur
ingandmac hini
ng,desi
gnedt oguideandhold
wor kpie
cesdur ingvar i
ousoperati
ons.Theycomeinsever
altypes,eachtail
ore
dtos pec
ifi
c
tasks.Fixtureji
gss e
cur eworkpi
ecesi
naf ixe
dpos i
ti
onfortasksli
kedril
li
ngorwe l
ding.
Templ atejigsusetempl at
esorpatter
nsf orshapi
ngworkpiec
e s
,oftenseeninwoodworking.

Fol
lowi
ngar
ethes
eve
ndi
ffe
rentt
ype
sofj
igs
.

1.Te
mpl
atej
ig
2.P
lat
eji
g
3.Channe
lji
g
4.Di
ame
terj
ig
5.Le
afj
ig
6.Ri
ngj
ig
7.Boxj
ig
Te
mpl
ateJ
ig:

Fi
g:Te
mpl
ateJ
ig

3
a.Iti
sthesi
mple
sttype
,cons
ist
ingofapl
atewit
hholess
ervi
ngasatempl
ate.
The
dri
l
lisgui
dedthr
oughthes
etemplat
ehole
stodri
ll
corr
espondi
nghol
esi
nthe
workpi
ece
.

P
lat
eJi
g:

Fi
g:P
lat
eJi
g

a.Unl
ikef
ixt
ure
s,j
igsbot
hhol
dandgui
det
het
ool
.
b.J
igsar
eli
ght
erf
ore
asi
erhandl
ingandof
tendonotr
equi
rec
lampi
ng.
c
. Typi
cal
lyus
edf
ordr
il
li
ng,
reami
ng,
ort
appi
ngope
rat
ions
.

Channe
lJi
g:

4
 Fi
g:Channe
lJi
g

a.I
tfe
atur
esac
hanne
l-l
ikec
ros
s-s
ect
ion.
b.Thewor
kpi
ecei
sfi
tte
dwi
thi
nthec
hanne
landl
ocat
edus
ingaknob.
c
. Thet
ooli
sgui
dedt
hroughadr
il
lbus
h.

Di
ame
terJ
ig:

Fi
g:Di
ame
terJ
ig

a.Us
edf
ordr
il
li
ngr
adi
alhol
esi
ncyl
indr
ical
ors
phe
ric
alwor
kpi
ece
s.
b.Thewor
kpiecei
spl
ace
donaf
ixe
dV-
bloc
k,c
lampe
dbyac
lampi
ngpl
ate
,andgui
ded
byadri
llbus
h.

Le
afJ
ig:

5
 Fi
g:Le
afJ
ig

a.I
ncl
ude
sahi
nge
dle
aforpl
atef
ore
asyl
oadi
ngandunl
oadi
ngoft
hewor
kpi
ece
.
b.Wor
kisl
ocat
edbybut
tonsandc
lampe
dus
ings
ets
cre
ws.
c
. Thet
ooli
sgui
dedt
hroughadr
il
lbus
h.

Ri
ngJ
ig:

Fi
g:Ri
ngJ
ig
a.De
signe
dfordr
il
li
nghol
esi
nci
rcul
arf
lange
dpar
ts.
b.Wor
kisc
lampe
dont
hedr
il
lbody,
andhol
esar
edr
il
le
dus
ingdr
il
lbus
hes
.

BoxJ
ig:

6
 Fi
g:BoxJ
ig

Box
-li
kec
ons
truc
tiont
hatl
ocat
est
hec
ompone
ntus
ingbut
tons
.
Wor
kisc
lampe
dbyr
otat
ingac
amhandl
e,whi
chal
sopr
ovi
desl
ocat
ion.
Dr
il
lbus
hesgui
det
het
ool
.

Whati
saFi
xtur
e?
Afixtureisawor k-holdi
ngde viceutil
is
edt osecurelyposit
ion,support,andaffixa
workpieceinas tablepositi
on,ensuri
ngi tsconformityandint e
rchangeabili
ty.Whenthe
f
ixtureisinmot i
on, thetoolmove srel
ativetothewor kpi
ece.Fi
xturesguaranteethe
st
abili
tyoft hewor kpiec
e ,s
treamlini
ngt hewor kpiec
emount ingproce s
s,enabli
ng
ef
fici
enttransit
ioningbe tweenpar ts
,andf acil
itat
ings moothope r
ations.Unli
keji
gs,
f
ixturesdonotgui det hetool.

Type
sofFi
xtur
es
Fixt
uresar eindis
pe ns
abl et oolsinmanuf acturi
ng,servingtosec
urelyhol
dandpositi
on
workpiecesdur i
ngmac hining, weldi
ng,oras se
mbl ypr oces
ses
.Theycomeinvari
ous
types,eachtailoredtos pec i
ficneeds.Visefi
xturesclampwor kpi
ecesfi
rml
yinplace
,
whilecoll
etfixturesaree xce l
lentforholdingcyli
ndricalit
ems.Magneti
cfi
xtur
esare
versat
ile,
us i
ngmagne tst os ecureferr
ousmat er
ialsquickl
y.

Fol
lowi
ngar
ethet
endi
ffe
rentt
ype
soff
ixt
ure
s:

7
1.Tur
ningf
ixt
ure
s.
2.Mi
ll
ingf
ixt
ure
s.
3.Br
oac
hingf
ixt
ure
s.
4.Gr
indi
ngf
ixt
ure
s.
5.Bor
ingf
ixt
ure
s.
6.I
nde
xingf
ixt
ure
s.
7.Tappi
ngf
ixt
ure
s.
8.Dupl
exf
ixt
ure
s.
9.We
ldi
ngf
ixt
ure
s.
10.
Ass
embl
yfi
xtur
es.

Tur
ningFi
xtur
es:

Fi
g:Tur
ningFi
xtur
e

Us
edf
orhol
dingi
rre
gul
arl
yshape
dcompone
ntsdur
ingt
urni
ngope
rat
ions
.
P
rovi
dess
tabi
li
ty,
mini
miz
esove
rhang,
ande
nsur
ess
ecur
ecl
ampi
ng.

Mi
ll
ingFi
xtur
es:

8
 Fi
g:Mi
ll
ingFi
xtur
e

P
osi
ti
one
dands
ecur
edont
hemi
ll
ingmac
hinet
abl
e.
Wor
kpi
ece
sar
eloc
ate
dont
hef
ixt
urebas
eandc
lampe
dbe
for
emi
ll
ing.

Br
oac
hingFi
xtur
es:

Fi
g:Br
oac
hingFi
xtur
e

Use
donbroac
hingmac
hine
stol
ocat
e,hol
d,ands
uppor
twor
kpi
ece
sdur
ingbr
oac
hing
ope
rat
ions
.
Fac
il
it
ate
ske
ywayandhol
ebr
oac
hing.

Gr
indi
ngFi
xtur
es:
Es
sent
ialf
orhol
dingands
uppor
tingwor
kpi
ece
sdur
inggr
indi
ngope
rat
ions
.

9
Cani
ncl
udec
huc
ks,
mandr
els
,magne
ticc
huc
ks,
andmor
e.

Bor
ingFi
xtur
es:

Fi
g:Bor
ingFi
xtur
e

De
signe
dforbor
ingope
rat
ionswi
tht
woc
ommonde
signs
.
Mayi
ncor
por
ateadr
il
li
ngj
igorf
ocusonwor
kpi
ecepos
iti
oni
ng.

I
nde
xingFi
xtur
es:

Fi
g:I
nde
xingFi
xtur
e

Us
edf
ore
venl
yspac
edmac
hini
ngofmul
ti
ples
urf
ace
sonc
ompone
nts
.
Fe
atur
esi
nde
xingme
chani
smsf
orpr
eci
sepos
iti
oni
ng.

10
Tappi
ngFi
xtur
es:
Spe
cial
is
edf
ors
ecur
ingwor
kpi
ece
sdur
ingi
nte
rnalt
hre
adc
utt
ing.
I
dealf
ort
appi
ngope
rat
ionsonodd-
shape
dorunbal
anc
edc
ompone
nts
.

Dupl
exFi
xtur
es:
dupl
ex-
inde
xing

Fi
g:Dupl
exI
nde
xing

Hol
dtwos
imi
larc
ompone
ntss
imul
tane
ous
lyf
orc
onc
urr
entmac
hini
ng.
Compone
ntsar
epr
oce
sse
dats
epar
ates
tat
ions
,enhanc
ingmas
spr
oduc
tione
ffi
ci
enc
y.

We
ldi
ngFi
xtur
es:
Car
eful
lyde
signe
dtopr
eve
ntdi
stor
tionsdur
ingwe
ldi
ng.
Ens
urepr
ope
rcompone
ntpl
ace
mentands
tabi
li
tyt
owi
ths
tandwe
ldi
ngs
tre
sse
s.

As
sembl
yFi
xtur
es:
Us
edt
ohol
dcompone
ntst
oge
the
rdur
ingas
sembl
yope
rat
ions
.
Enabl
espr
eci
sepos
iti
oni
ngandj
oini
ngofvar
iouspar
ts,
suc
hasr
ive
tingorwe
ldi
ng.

Mai
nEl
eme
ntsofJ
igsandFi
xtur
es
Ji
gsandf i
xtur
esareintric
atet oolsuse
di nmanuf acturi
ng,compri
singseveralmain
el
ements.Thepri
maryc ompone ntsi
ncludethebas eorbody, whi
chprovidesstabi
li
ty
andsupportforthewor kpie
c e.Cl
ampinge l
eme nt
ss ecuret
hewor kpie
cefir
ml yinplac
e,
ensur
ingstabi
li
tyduringmac hini
ng.Guideorlocatore l
ementsprec
isel
ypos i
tiont
he
workpie
ceinthecorr
e ctorientati
on.

11
 Fi
g:El
eme
ntsofJ
igsandFi
xtur
es

Themai
ncompone
ntsofJ
igsandFi
xtur
esar
e:

a.Body:
Thestur
dy,
oft
enpl
ateorf
rame
-li
kes
truc
tur
ethathous
est
hewor
kpi
ece
sto
bemachi
ned.
b.Loc
at i
ngEleme
nts
:The
sec
ompone
ntse
nsur
epr
eci
sewor
kpi
ecepos
iti
oni
ngr
elat
ive
tothecut
tingt
ool
.
c
. Cl
ampi
ngEl
eme
nts
:Us
edt
ose
cur
elyhol
dthewor
kpi
ecei
nit
sloc
ate
dpos
iti
on.
d.Guidi
ngandSet
tingEl
ements
:Inthec
as eofji
gs,
t he
seele
mentsgui
det
hec
utt
ing
tool
,whi
lei
nfi
xture
s,t
heyfaci
li
tat
epropertoolengage
me nt
.
e
.Posi
tioni
ngElement
s:Var
iousf
ast
eni
ngde
vic
est
hats
ecur
ethej
igorf
ixt
urei
nthe
c
orr
ec tmac
hineposi
ti
on.
f
.Inde
xingEl
ements(
ifappl
icabl
e):Some t
imesne
ces
saryforre
positi
oni
ngwor
kpi
ece
s
t
oacces
sdi
ffe
rents
urface
sorlocationsdur
ingmachi
ningoperat
ions.

Mat
eri
alsUs
edf
orJ
igsandFi
xtur
es
Mate rialsus
edf orji
gsandf i
xturesneedtopos sessspeci
ficqualit
iestoensure
durabi l
ityande ff
ecti
veness
.Commonmat er
ialsincludehardeneds teel
,casti
ron,
alumi nium,ande venplas
tic
slikeDe l
ri
n.Hardene ds t
eeli
softenpr efe
rredforit
s
except i
onalstrengthandwe arresis
tance,
maki ngi tsuit
ableforhigh-producti
on
envi
r onme nts.Castir
onoffersstabi
li
tyandvi brationdampe ning,makingitsuit
ablef
or
mac hiningfix
tur e
s.
Alumini
umi schose
nf orl
ight
we ightappl
icat
ionsorwhencorr
osionresi
stanceis
neces
sary.Pl
asti
csli
keDelri
nar eusedfornon-marri
ngornon-abras
iveapplic
ations,
as
theyreduc
et heri
skofdamagi ngde l
ic
atewor kpi
ece
s.Thec
hoiceofmaterialdepends

12
onf
act
orss
uchast
het
ypeofope
rat
ion,
wor
kpi
ecemat
eri
al,
andbudge
tcons
trai
nts
.

Di
ffe
renc
ebe
twe
enJ
igandFi
xtur
e
Thekeydisti
nctionbetweenji
gsandfixture
slie
si ntheirpri
maryf uncti
onsand
appl
icat
ionsinmanuf actur
ing.Ji
gsarespeci
ali
zedt oolsdes
igne
dt ogui
deandc ontrol
thecutt
ingors hapingtool
sduringmachini
ngope r
ations.
Theye nsurerepe
atabil
it
y
andpreci
sionint as
ksli
kedril
li
ng,mil
li
ng,orboring.

Thef
oll
owi
ngt
abl
eli
stst
hedi
ffe
renc
ebe
twe
enj
igandf
ixt
ure
.

Char
act
eri
sti
c J
ig Fi
xtur
e

P
urpos
e Gui
de sanddi
rec
tst
he Hol
dsandsecur
esthe
cut
tingtool workpi
ecei
nposi
ti
on

Func
tion Guide
sthetoolandl
ocat
es Hol
dsandpos
iti
onst
he
theworkpi
ece workpi
ece

P
rimar
yUs
e Dri
ll
ing,re
ami
ng,
ort
appi
ng Mil
li
ng,
gri
ndi
ng,tur
ning,
or
ope
rat i
ons ot
heroper
ati
ons

We
ightandCons
truc
tion Li
ght
ercons
truc
tion,of
ten Heavi
erc
ons
truct
ion,
madefr
omaluminium commonl
ystee
loriron

Cl
ampi
ng Usual
lynotc
lampe
dtot
he Rigi
dlybolt
edorclampe
dto
machi
netabl
e themac hi
netabl
e

Load-
Bear
ing Expe
rie
nce
smi
nimalc
utt
ing Suppor
tshe
avyc
utt
ing
l
oads for
ces

Ke
yFe
atur
es Guidebushi
ngs,dr
il
l Cl
amps,
supports
,and
te
mpl at
es,andbushi
ngs l
ocat
esworkpi
eces

Typi
calOpe
rat
ions Hol
e- maki
ng,
pre
cis
ion Wor
kpie
ces
hapi
ng,
mat
eri
al
dri
ll
ing r
emoval

13
Mac
hini
ngSpe
ed Typi
cal
lyusedf
orhi
gh- Sui
tableforvari
ous
spee
ddril
li
ng machini
ngs pee
ds

Ex
ampl
es Dril
lji
gs,
reami
ngj
igs
, Mil
li
ngfi
xture
s,gr
indi
ng
tappingj
igs f
ixt
ures
,turni
ngfi
xtures

Advant
age
sofJ
igsandFi
xtur
es
Thevar
iousadvant
age
sofJ
igsandFi
xtur
esar
e:
1.Enhanc
edmac
hini
ngac
cur
acybyaut
omat
ingwor
kpi
ecel
ocat
ionandt
oolgui
danc
e.
2.I
ncre
asedpr
oduc
tionc
apac
ity,
all
owi
ngmul
ti
plewor
kpi
ece
stobemac
hine
dina
s
ingl
ese
tup.
3.Re
duc
edhandl
ingt
imet
hroughqui
ckwor
kpi
eces
etupandl
ocat
ion.
4.Hi
ghe
rmac
hini
ngs
pee
ds,
fee
ds,
andde
pthofc
utduet
oimpr
ove
dcl
ampi
ngr
igi
dit
y.
5.P
roduc
tionofi
dent
ical
,i
nte
rchange
abl
epar
tsf
ore
asi
eras
sembl
y.
6.El
imi
nat
ionofmanual
mar
kingoutandme
asur
ingbe
for
emac
hini
ng.
7.Re
duc
edope
rat
orl
aborandf
ati
gue
,si
mpl
if
yingope
rat
ions
.
8.Acc
ess
ibi
li
tyforsemi
-ski
ll
edope
rat
orsast
oolandwor
kpi
eces
etupi
sme
chani
zed,
l
oweri
nglaborcos
ts.
9.De
cre
ase
dex
pendi
tur
eonqual
it
ycont
roloff
ini
she
dpr
oduc
ts.
10.
Ove
ral
lcos
tre
duc
tiont
hroughpr
oce
ssaut
omat
ion.

Di
sadvant
age
sofJ
igsandFi
xtur
es
Ji
gsandfix
turesarei
mportanttool
sinmanuf ac
turi
ngandmachi
ningpr
oce
sses,
desi
gne
dt oimprovepre
cis
ion,
repeatabi
li
ty,
ande f
fi
cie
ncy.
However,
the
yalsohave
somedis
advantages:

1.Ini
ti
alCost:
Desi
gningandfabr
icat
ingji
gsandf i
xtur
escanbee
xpe
nsive,e
speci
all
y
forcompl
exorspec
ial
iz
edappli
cati
ons.Smallbusi
nes
sesort
hos
ewithli
mited
budgetsmayfi
ndtheupfrontc
ostsprohi
bit
ive.
2.SetupTime :Whi
lej
igsandfi
xtur
e sst
reaml
inepr oduct
iononc ethe
yaresetup,
t he
i
niti
alsetupproces
sc anbeti
me-consumi
ng. Thi
ss e
tupt i
mec anbeadis
advantage
forproc
es s
esthatrequir
efr
equentchangeoversorforlow-volumepr
oducti
onruns.
3.Li
mitedFl
e xibi
li
ty:Ji
gsandfi
xture
saretypi
call
yde si
gnedforspeci
fi
ctasksand
workpi
ece
s .Theylackvers
ati
li
tyandmaynotbee asi
lyadaptabl
etodiff
erent
pr
oductsorvar iat
ionsi
npartgeometry.
Whe nproductdesi
gnschangefrequent
ly,
i
tcanbec halle
ngingtomodifyexi
sti
ngji
gsandfixtures
.

14
4.StorageandMai nt
e nance
:Ji
gsandfi
xture
stakeupspac ei
namanuf acturi
ng
faci
li
ty,andthei
rstoragecanbeaniss
ue.Addi
tional
ly,
theyr e
quireregular
maintenancetoensuretheyremai
ningoodworkingcondit
ion,addingto
operati
onalcost
s.
5.Desi
gnCompl exi
ty:De
signingeff
ecti
vej
igsandf i
xtur
esrequi
ress
pecial
ize
d
knowledgeandengi
neeringski
ll
s.Compl
exde s
ignsmaybedi f
fi
cul
tandc ostl
yto
devel
op,part
icul
arl
yfors mall
manufact
ur e
rswithoutin-
houseexpe
rtis
e.

Appl
icat
ionsofJ
igsandFi
xtur
es
Theus
esofj
igsandf
ixt
ure
sinc
lude
:

1.Me
tal
wor
king:
Use
dinmac
hini
ngope
rat
ionsl
ikedr
il
li
ng,
mil
li
ng,
andgr
indi
ng.
2.We
ldi
ng:
Hel
pspos
iti
onandhol
dpar
tsf
orwe
ldi
ng.
3.As
sembl
y:Ai
dsi
nas
sembl
ingvar
iousc
ompone
ntsac
cur
ate
ly.
4.I
nspe
cti
on:
Ens
ure
scons
ist
enti
nspe
cti
onofpar
ts.
5.Woodwor
king:
Use
dinwoodwor
kingt
asksf
orpr
eci
si
on.
6.Aut
omot
ive
:Es
sent
ial
inmanuf
act
uri
ngaut
omot
ivepar
ts.
7.El
ect
roni
cs:
Use
dint
hepr
oduc
tionofe
lec
troni
cde
vic
es.
8.Ae
ros
pac
e:Ens
ure
spr
eci
si
oni
nae
ros
pac
ecompone
ntf
abr
icat
ion.
9.Me
dic
alDe
vic
es:
Hel
psas
sembl
epr
eci
seme
dic
ale
qui
pme
nt.
10.
Jewe
lle
ryMaki
ng:
Aidsi
ncr
aft
ingi
ntr
icat
eje
wel
le
rypi
ece
s.

15