Construction and Building Materials 91 (2015) 225–231

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Construction and Building Materials

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Investigation on recycling of SBS modified asphalt binders containing

fresh asphalt and rejuvenating agents
Peiliang Cong a,b,⇑, Weihua Luo a, Peijun Xu a, Hua Zhao c,d
a
School of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Transportation Materials of Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China
b
Department of Building Construction Management, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47906, United States
c
Highway School, Chang’an University, Xian 710064, China
d
Transportation Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330003, China

h i g h l i g h t s

 Recovery asphalt (RA) was obtained from recycle SBS modified asphalt mixture.
 RSMA containing RA, fresh SMA and rejuvenators were prepared.
 Rejuvenator II improve the aging resistance and decrease the viscosity of RSMA.
 Regenerated modified asphalt binder has better aging resistance.

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: The use of polymer modified asphalt binder in asphalt concrete pavements for over 20 years, large num-
Received 23 February 2015 bers of waste modified asphalt mixture have been produced. In this study, regeneration of waste SBS
Received in revised form 9 April 2015 modified asphalt binder was investigated by adding fresh SBS modified asphalt binder and rejuvenating
Accepted 1 May 2015
agents. Effects of content of rejuvenating agent and ratio of recovery asphalt to fresh asphalt on physical
Available online 17 May 2015
properties of regenerated SBS modified asphalt binder were researched. The rheological behavior and
short-term aging of regenerated SBS modified asphalt binder was investigated and chemical compound
Keywords:
was analyzed using Thin-layer chromatography/flame ionization detection (TLC/FID) and Fourier
Asphalt
SBS modified asphalt
Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The results indicated that regenerated SBS modified asphalt bin-
Rejuvenating agent der with both good physical properties and pavement performances was obtained by blending recovered
Recycling SBS modified asphalt with fresh SBS modified asphalt and rejuvenating agent, and the optimum physical
Aging and rheological properties occurred when the ratio of recovery asphalt to fresh asphalt was 35:65 and the
content of rejuvenating agent was 5  10 wt%. The result of RTFOT indicated that the regenerated SBS
modified asphalt binder have good aging resistance, especially rejuvenating agent II was used to
reclaimed SBS modified asphalt binder.
Ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

1. Introduction environmental consideration, the use of RAP as component in the

The application of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in new
asphalt mixture is now common practice. From an economic and
Abbreviations: RAP, reclaimed asphalt pavement; RSMA, regenerated/reclaimed
SBS modified asphalt binder; RA, recovery asphalt/recovery SBS modified asphalt;
PMA, polymer modified asphalt; SBS, styrene–butadiene–styrene copolymer; TCE,
trichloroethylene; RTFOT, rolling thin film oven test; DSR, dynamic shear rheome-
ter; TLC/FID, Thin-layer chromatography/flame ionization detection; FTIR, Fourier
Transform Infrared; SHRP, Strategic Highway Research Program; SMA, SBS modified
asphalt.
⇑ Corresponding author at: School of Materials Science and Engineering and
Engineering Research Center of Transportation Materials of Ministry of Education,
Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China. Tel./fax: +86 29 82337349.
E-mail address: congpl@chd.edu.cn (P. Cong).
construction of new asphalt pavement is an attractive develop-
ment. Although RAP binder is already age hardened, blending it
with rejuvenating agent or fresh binder will significantly decrease
the aging and could meet the required properties to be used in
asphalt mixture [1–3].
The use of polymer modified asphalt (PMA) to obtain better
asphalt pavement performance has been studied for a long time.
Polymer modified asphalt (PMA) were developed mainly for the
reason that can improve the permanent deformation, low temper-
ature cracking, fatigue, stripping, wear resistance and aging [4,5].
When used as asphalt modifiers, selected polymers should be com-
patible with asphalt, be capable of being processed by conventional
mixing and laying equipment, and be able to maintain their

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.041
0950-0618/Ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
226 P. Cong et al. / Construction and Building Materials 91 (2015) 225–231

premium properties during mixing, storage and application in ser- Table 1

vice [6–9]. The development of polymer modified asphalt binder Properties of recovery asphalt and fresh SBS modified asphalt.

promotes the increasing use of polymer modifiers [10–13]. Properties Recovery Fresh SBS
During the service life of polymer modified asphalt binder, the asphalt modified asphalt
pavement deteriorates as a consequence of multiple factors that Softening point (°C) 61.7 67.5
operate simultaneously, such as the load and frequency of traffic Penetration at 25 °C (0.1 mm) 34 30
and environmental factors. One of the most used polymers in the Ductility at 5 °C (cm) 0.5 26.5
Viscosity at 135 °C (Pa s) 2.67 2.26
preparation of modified asphalt binders is styrene–butadiene–styr SBS contents (%) 5.0 (Before using) 5.1
ene (SBS) copolymer [14–18]. Some researches indicated that the
degradation of SBS modified asphalt binders occur during the mix-
ing and construction process and during the service life of the Table 2
asphalt binder. Oxidation and loss of light ends leads to an increase Chemical components and physical properties of rejuvenating agents.
in stiffness and reduction of flexibility in the asphalt binders. But Properties Rejuvenating agent I Rejuvenating agent II
aging is very complex process in common asphalt and the com-
Asphaltenes (%) 13.0 3.4
plexity increases when SBS were used in modified asphalt binder
Resins (%) 16.7 28.2
[19,20]. There is a need for research into the recycling issues Aromatics (%) 58.5 52.8
involved with these materials. The presence of SBS affects not only Saturates (%) 11.8 15.6
the properties of the mixture but also the process of aging of the Viscosity at 70 °C (Pa s) 0.44 1.54
Flash point (COC) (°C) 220 230
binders [21]. The aging of SBS modified asphalt binders is different
RTF-C, viscosity ration (%) 1.28 1.23
from unmodified asphalt binders due to the presence of SBS [22–
25]. However, there is no literature concerning about whether
2.2. Methods
recycling of aged SBS modified asphalt binder can follow the same
recycling process as those for unmodified asphalt binders. The appropriate amounts of recovery SBS modified asphalt and fresh SBS mod-
Some researchers have studied the RAP using staged extraction ified asphalt was preheated to 165 ± 5 °C in an oil-bath heating container. The
amount of rejuvenating agents, occupying the total of blending, was gradually
methods. The aged asphalt mixture samples were recovered by
added into asphalt, and the mixture was blended about 30 ± 5 min to ensure the
using reagent grade trichloroethylene (TCE) and washing the well dispersion of rejuvenating agent in asphalt binders.
asphalt mixture twice or more time [26,27]. The properties, such The properties of regenerated SBS modified asphalt binders, including softening
as penetration and viscosity, for different layers of asphalt mixture point, penetration and ductility, were tested in accordance with ASTM D36, ASTM
were tested. The results indicated that the properties are different D5 and ASTM D113, respectively. The rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) was
employed to measure the aging performance of regenerated modified asphalt bin-
in different layers. A similar study was conducted using an aggre-
ders in accordance to ASTM D2872.
gate coated with 60 penetration asphalt that was age hardened in Brookfield viscometer (Model DV-II+, Brookfield Engineering Inc., USA) was
an oven [28,29]. Asphalt with 200 penetrations was then coated employed to measure the rolling viscosity of regenerated SBS modified asphalt bin-
onto the mixture at the lowest possible temperature. Three extrac- ders according to ASTM D4402.
Dynamic shear properties were measured with a dynamic shear rheometer
tions were performed on the same mixture sample, yielding three
(DSR, MCR 101, Anton Paar Co. Ltd., of Austria) in a parallel plate configuration with
layers. The penetration values were well below 200 penetrations, a gap width of 2 mm. Rheological tests were performed under controlled strain con-
which meant that the asphalt with 200 penetrations was indeed dition and temperature range from 50 to 90 °C. Principal rheological parameters
blending with the age hardened asphalt with 60 penetrations obtained from the DSR were complex modulus (G⁄), storage modulus (G0 ), loss mod-
[30]. In addition, RAP was heated and mixed with rejuvenating ulus (G00 ) and the phase angle (d). G⁄ is defined as the ratio of maximum shear stress
to the maximum strain and provides a measure of the total resistance to deforma-
agents/modifier. Samples were then dipped in TCE for twice. The
tion. The d is the phase shift between the applied stress and strain responses during
binder was then recovered and tested using penetration. The results a test and is a measure of the viscoelastic balance of the material behavior.
showed that the penetration levels were different for the two layers Thin-layer chromatography/flame ionization detection (TLC/FID) allows for the
with the outermost layer having a higher penetration value than fractionation of asphalt into four fractions, namely, saturates, aromatics, resins and
the innermost layer [31]. However, the penetration values were asphaltene (SARA) [33]. Chemical compositions of the asphalt binders and modifier
were measured by the MK-6 analyzer (Iatron Laboratories Inc., Japan). Sample solu-
nearly identical between layers if the mixing time was prolonged. tions with concentration of 2% (m/v) were prepared by dissolving 80 mg sample in
The experiments were designed to investigate about the rejuve- 4 ml peroxide-free tetrahydro-furan. After chromarods were cleaned and activated
nation of aged SBS modified asphalt binders in this study. in FID-flame, 1 ll of the solution was spotted on the chromarod using a spotter. The
Regenerated modified asphalt binders were prepared by mixed separation of asphalt binder fractions was performed with a three-stage process.
The first development was in n-heptane (70 ml) and expanded to 100 mm of the
recovery SBS modified asphalt binder with fresh SBS modified
chromarods, the second stage in mixture of toluene/n-heptane (70 ml, 4/1 by
asphalt and different rejuvenating agent at various contents, and volume) was developed to 50 mm, and the last development was in mixture of
subsequently the relate performance of the blending was evaluated. dichloromethane/methanol (70 ml, 19/1 by volume) and expanded to 25 mm. The
chromarod was dried at 50 °C for 10 min after each development. Then the chro-
marods were scanned in the TLC–FID analyzer. A scan rate of 40 s/scan was used.
2. Experimental Air and hydrogen flows were 2000 ml/min and 160 ml/min respectively.
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy (NEXUS, Thermo Nicolet, USA)
2.1. Raw materials was used to obtain the IR spectra of reclaimed SBS modified asphalt binder.
Sample was prepared by casting film onto a potassium bromide (KBr) thin plate,
2.1.1. Asphalt and the spectra were obtained by 4 cm1 resolution. The recorded wavenumber
Waste SBS modified asphalt binder was recovered by use of trichloroethylene range was from 500 to 4000 cm1.
from recycle asphalt mixture. Asphalt binder recovery process consisted of extrac-
tion and Abson recovery according to ASTM D1856. Fresh SBS modified asphalt of
Superpave performance grade of PG76-22 was used. The properties of recovery 3. Results and discussion
SBS modified asphalt binder and fresh SBS modified asphalt binder are shown in
Table 1. The ductility of recovery asphalt is low, which is maybe attributing to
the aging of SBS modified asphalt binder.
3.1. Effect of rejuvenating agent on properties of regenerated modified
asphalt

2.1.2. Rejuvenating agent

Two rejuvenating agents (I and II) were used in this study [32]. The chemical
3.1.1. Rejuvenating agent I
components and physical properties of the rejuvenating agent I and II are shown Fig. 1 showed that effect of rejuvenating agent I on related prop-
in Table 2. erties of regenerated SBS modified asphalt when mixed ratio of
 P. Cong et al. / Construction and Building Materials 91 (2015) 225–231
Fig. 1. Effect of rejuvenating agent on properties of modified asphalt.
recovered SBS modified asphalt to fresh SBS modified asphalt was
35:65 by mass.
The softening point, viscosity at 135 °C and rutting factor at
76 °C decreases and ductility at 5 °C increases when rejuvenating
agent I was added into asphalt binders. Effect of rejuvenating agent
on softening point and viscosity is remarkable when the content of
rejuvenating agent less than 10%, but this effect decreases when
the content of rejuvenating agent increasing. Rejuvenating agent
can improve the ductility of regenerated modified asphalt, and
the ductility increase with the content of rejuvenating agent
increasing. The ductility of regenerated modified asphalt is
15.5 cm when 5% rejuvenating agent I was added into asphalt,
but it is 20.6 cm when 10% rejuvenating agent was added.
However, the results also shown that the rejuvenating agent
decreases the rutting factor of regenerated modified asphalt. In
order to ensure high rut resistance of regenerated modified asphalt
concrete, the content of rejuvenating agent I was not surpassing
10%.
3.1.2. Rejuvenating agent II
Fig. 1 also revealed that effect of rejuvenating agent II on related
properties of regenerated modified asphalt when mixed ratio of
recovered asphalt to fresh SBS modified asphalt was 35:65 by
mass.
The results shown that effect of rejuvenating agent II on proper-
ties of regenerated modified asphalt is similar to rejuvenating
agent I, but rejuvenating agent II took better effect when the same
content rejuvenating agent was added. Result from Table 2 indi-
cated that the composition of rejuvenating agent II is feasible to
rejuvenate aging asphalt binders. Generally speaking, the content
of asphaltenes is high in aging asphalt binders. Low content of
227
asphaltenes is benefit for the performance of regenerated asphalt
binder. So, rejuvenating agent II is better choice to rejuvenating
aging asphalt binders.
3.2. Effect of fresh SBS modified asphalt on properties of regenerated
modified asphalt
Fig. 2 indicated that effect of two ratios of recovery asphalt to
fresh SBS modified asphalt on related properties of regenerated
modified asphalt with different contents of rejuvenating agent II.
The results indicated that the effect of rejuvenating agent content
on softening point, ductility at 5 °C and viscosity at 135 °C of
regenerated modified asphalt is similar when changing the mixed
ratio of recovery asphalt to fresh SBS modified asphalt. However,
regenerated modified asphalt shown better properties with
increasing the content of rejuvenating agent when the ratio of
recovery asphalt binder to fresh SBS modified asphalt binder is
35/65. Considering the economy and performance, the ratio of
35/65 is the better choice.
3.3. Viscosity of regenerated modified asphalt
The effect of rejuvenating agents content, fresh SBS modified
asphalt binder ration and temperature on the viscosity of regener-
ated modified asphalt are showed in Fig. 3. The experimental
results indicated the viscosity of regenerated modified asphalt bin-
der increase with increasing fresh SBS modified asphalt binder
contents at test temperature range. The addition of rejuvenating
agents can greatly increase the viscosity of regenerated modified
asphalt binder. According to SHRP specifications, viscosity should
be less than 3 Pa s at 135 °C to ensure pump ability at the hot
228 P. Cong et al. / Construction and Building Materials 91 (2015) 225–231

Fig. 2. Effect of ratio of recovery and fresh asphalt binder on properties of regenerated modified asphalt.

0.28 ± 0.02 Pa s is hot mix asphalt’s mixing and compaction pur-

1000
65:35/0% rejuvenator pose. Thus, the mix temperature of regenerated modified asphalt
65:35/5% rejuvenator II binder should be determinate by regenerated modified asphalt
100 65:35/10% rejuvenator II mixture performance. The appropriate increasing temperature is
60:40/0% rejuvenator
needed during the blending and compaction.
Viscosity (Pa.s)

60:40/5% rejuvenatorII
10 3.4. Aging properties of regenerated modified asphalt
60:40/10% rejuvenatorII

The samples of regenerated modified asphalt A# (recovered

1 asphalt binder:fresh SBS modified asphalt binder:rejuvenating
0.1
90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
Temperature (°C)
Fig. 3. The viscosity–temperature of regenerated modified asphalt.
mix asphalt plan. As shown in Fig. 3, viscosity of all regenerated
modified asphalt is lower than 3 Pa s at 135 °C. From the aspect
of viscosity, the regenerated modified asphalt binder has low vis-
cosity because the low viscosity for rejuvenator. Furthermore, the
viscosity of SBS modified asphalt binder maybe decrease for the
degradation of SBS copolymer. Thus, the regenerated modified
asphalt binder will not increase the workability if the rejuvenating
agents, fresh SBS modified asphalt binder and aging SBS modified
asphalt binder were used to prepared the asphalt mixture. But
Fig. 3 also showed that the viscosity at 175 °C is higher than
0.28 Pa s. Generally, the viscosity of 0.17 ± 0.02 Pa s and
agent II = 35:65:5) and B# (recovered asphalt binder:fresh SBS
modified asphalt binder:rejuvenating agent II = 35:65:10) was pre-
pared. The properties of A# and B# after rolling thin film oven test
170 180
(RTFOT) are shown in Table 3.
The results illustrated that the softening point, ductility at 5 °C,
elastic recovery and viscosity at 135 °C of two kinds of regenerated
modified asphalt binder can meet the most of conventional pave-
ment requirement. It is indicated that the regenerated modified
asphalt binder with 35/65/10 of recovery asphalt and fresh SBS
modified asphalt and rejuvenating agent II shown better
performance.
Fig. 4 gives the chemical compositions of asphalt binders con-
taining SBS, recovery asphalt, and SBS modified asphalt and two
reclaimed SBS modified asphalt binder before and after aging.
The results shown that the recovery asphalt show higher asphal-
tene contents than those of fresh SBS modified asphalt binder
and reclaimed SBS modified asphalt binder. The reclaimed SBS
modified asphalt binder shower low asphaltene content. And the
aged asphalt binder exhibit increases in asphaltene and resin, a
 P. Cong et al. / Construction and Building Materials 91 (2015) 225–231 229

Table 3
(a)- Recovery asphalt (b)- SBS modified asphalt
Properties of regenerated modified asphalts before and after RTFOT.
(c)- aged SBS modified asphalt (d)- A# (e)-aged A#
Sample Before After aging Requirement (f)- B# (g)- aged B#
1699
aging for unaging
A# B# A# B# (g)

Transmittance (%)
Softening point (°C) 61.4 60.8 62.4 65.2 P60 (f)
Ductility (cm) 18.4 22.3 12.2 15.8 P20
(e)
Elastic recovery at 25 °C (%) 85 81 75 73 P75
Viscosity at 135 °C (Pa s) 1.73 1.41 2.19 1.97 63 (d)
Mass loss (%) – – 0.07 0.08 61
(c)
(b)

(a)
As (Asphaltene) R (Resins) Ar (Aromatics) S (Saturates)
AsR (%) CI (%) 1032 966

Aged B# 12.86 34.03 31.05 22.06 46.9 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
2.16 -1
Wavenumber (cm )
B# 11.92 33.98 31.61 22.49 45.9
Fig. 5. FTIR spectroscopy of different asphalt binder before and after aging.
Aged A# 14.22 34.62 30.05 21.11 48.8
2.84
A# 13.53 33.96 30.32 22.19 47.5 recovery asphalt, SBS modified asphalt and reclaimed SBS modified
aged SMA 14.01 asphalt binders before and after aging. The strong peaks within
33.14 29.83 23.02 47.2
5.56 2800–3000 cm1 region are typical C–H stretching vibrations in
SMA 10.78 33.89 32.14 23.19 44.7 aliphatic chains. The C–H asymmetric deforming in CH2 and CH3,
and C–H symmetric deforming in CH3 vibrations are observed at
RA 14.36 34.25 30.58 20.81 48.6 1400–1500 cm1 and 1370–1390 cm1. The characteristic peak
around 1545–1640 cm1 is attributed to C@C stretching vibrations
SBS 33.89 100 32.14 23.19 --
in aromatics. Besides above peak, the asphalt binder also shows
0 20 40 60 80 100 strong peak at 1699 cm1 and 1032 cm1 is carbonyl functions
Content of four consituents of asphalt binder (%) (C@O) and sulfoxide (S@O) stretching vibration that is generate
during the aging of asphalt binder. In addition, to these common
Fig. 4. Chemical compositions of asphalt binder. characteristics represented by the observed peak, there is a peak
appeared at 966 cm1 in the spectrum of test samples. It is ascribed
to the bending vibration of C–H in the butadiene double bonds
decrease in saturates and aromatics. To study the reclaimed SBS
ACH@CHA. The butadiene double bonds will degrade during the
modified asphalt binder aging performance, the chemical composi-
aging progress. And the sulfoxide functional group most easily
tions increment (CI) was employed to evaluate the susceptive
formed in asphalt on the oxidation of sulfide moieties.
degree of asphalt aging. It is calculated by Eqs. (1) and (2).
To study the aging of asphalt binder, three characteristic bands
mAs þ mR 966 cm1 of the butadiene double bonds, 1032 cm1 of the sulfox-
AsR ¼  100% ð1Þ
mAs þ mR þ mAr þ ms ide function (S@O), and 1699 cm1 of carbonyl functions (C@O) is
  tested. For quantitative analysis, some structural indexes are calcu-
CI ¼ AsRaged  AsRunaged =AsRunaged  100% ð2Þ lated based on the band are (A) according to Eqs. (3)–(5) [34].
Butadiene index:
where mAs, mR, mAr, and ms are the contents of asphaltene, resin, X
aromatic and saturate in asphalt, respectively. AsRaged and IC@C ¼ A966 = A ð3Þ
AsRunaged are the contents of asphaltene and resin in asphalt binder
Sulfoxide index:
after and before aged, respectively.
X
The results in Fig. 4 shown that the reclaimed SBS modified IS@O ¼ A1032 = A ð4Þ
asphalt binder B# shows the smaller increment in CI value and
SBS modified asphalt binder shows the biggest increment after Carbonyl index:
thermal-oxidation (RTFOT). Compared with SBS modified asphalt X
IC@O ¼ A1699 = A ð5Þ
binder, the CI value of the reclaimed SBS modified asphalt binder
shows minimal increment after aging. It is indicated that recovery where A1699 is the area of the carbonyl band centered on 1699 cm1.
asphalt and rejuvenating agent can increase the aging resistance, A966 is the area of the butadiene band centered on 966 cm1. A1032 is
especially the using rejuvenating agent II. the area of the sulphoxide band centered on 1032 cm1. The sum of
P
the area ( A) represents the total peak area between 2800 and
3.5. FTIR test 3000 cm1. The sample film does not have a constant thickness,
which leads the spectra should be brought back to the same absor-
Over the past few years, with the support of the asphalt indus- bent in order to be compared. The structural indexes are accurate to
try, the state highway departments in some country and the three decimal places.
Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) have done some The structural indexes of asphalt binders before and after aging
in-depth investigations of the chemistry of asphalt materials. are shown in Table 4. The value of IC@C for fresh SBS modified
FTIR spectroscopy was used to study the distribution of functional asphalt binder is larger than that of others. It indicated that the
group types present in the asphalts. IR spectroscopy proved to be a fresh SBS modified asphalt binder contains more butadiene
very useful technique in analyzing structural in the fractions of function and the SBS in asphalt binder did not degradation.
asphalts. Fig. 5 gives Infrared spectroscopy analysis spectrum of Furthermore, recovery asphalt show a low value of IC@C because
230 P. Cong et al. / Construction and Building Materials 91 (2015) 225–231

Table 4 4. Conclusions
Structural indexes of asphalt binder before and after aging.

Sample IC@C IS@O IC@O The regenerated SBS modified asphalt binders were prepared by
Recovery asphalt 0.037 0.025 0.039 melt blending with rejuvenating agent, recovery SBS modified
SBS modified asphalt 0.098 0.008 0.014 asphalt and fresh SBS modified asphalt binder. The effect of recov-
Aged SBS modified asphalt 0.056 0.011 0.022 ery SBS modified asphalt, two kinds of rejuvenating agent and
A# 0.062 0.015 0.017
fresh SBS modified asphalt binder on regenerated modified asphalt
Aged A# 0.038 0.021 0.026
B# 0.078 0.017 0.015 binder were investigated in this study. The pavement performance
Aged B# 0.051 0.023 0.022 of aged SBS modified asphalt binders can be recovered by adding
10% of the rejuvenating agents to the regenerated modified asphalt
mixing fresh SBS modified asphalt. The rejuvenating agent can
change the chemical composition of the aged SBS modified asphalt
Table 5
Aging index of asphalt binder before and after aging. binder. In addition, it can decrease the softening point and viscos-
ity, and it can increase the ductility and penetration of the aged SBS
Sample Dr,IC@C Dr,IS@O Dr,IC@O
modified asphalt binder. The reclaimed SBS modified asphalt bin-
SBS modified asphalt 42.86 37.5 57.14 ders can achieved better physical properties and pavement perfor-
A# 38.71 40.00 52.94
mance after the addition of approximately 5–10% of the
B# 34.62 35.29 46.67
rejuvenating agent II to asphalt binder with 35% of recovery mod-
ified asphalt binder and 65% of fresh SBS modified asphalt binders.
the asphalt binder have been aged. And some undegraded SBS is
remained in recovery asphalt. The values of IS@O and IC@O for recov- Acknowledgments
ery asphalt is larger than those of others and it indicated that the
recovery asphalt has gone serious aging. However, the value of Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
IS@O and IC@O for fresh SBS modified asphalt binder is not zero. It (51208050) and Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of the
may attribute to the aging during the preparation of modified transportation department (2013 319 812 020). And supported
asphalt binders. In addition, the values of IS@O and IC@O are by the Overall Innovation Project of Shaanxi Province Science and
increased after aging, indicating that new sulfoxide and carbonyl Technology Plan Project (Number: 2013KTCQ01-40).
structures are formed because of aging. Compared with recovery
asphalt, the structural indexes of IC@C shows a remarkable increase
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