Jaeseon Lee

2019. 11. 6
울산과기원(UNIST), 기계항공 및 원자력 공학부
Transportation Vehicle Speed
Resistance

Railroad Transportation Speed

Railway & Bearing Friction

Air Drag
Propulsion

1804 Propulsion Tech. Development 21st century

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Overcome Limitation
Railway & Bearing Friction Air Drag

Maglev Sleek Vehicle

State of the Art Train

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Need More Speed ; Hyper Loop
Basic Concept Progress
• Near vacuum (1 mbar, 1/1000 atm) run for
minimizing aerodynamic resistance
• High-speed / low-cost / eco-friendly
transportation that travels at a maximum
speed of 1,220 km/h through levitation

How it works?
- 28 Air bearings
- Low pressure (~100 Pa, 1/1000 of atm)
- 15 ton
- 1220 kph
- Rotor mounted in the capsule and stator in
the tube

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HyperLoop 소개 영상 (Hyperloop One, USA)
Hyper Loop Concept

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Hyperloop – 3 Main Tech. Elements

HyperLoop System

3. 진공 Body 1. 추진
Vaccum Propulsion
Guideway

2. 부상
Levitation

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Propulsion - Linear motor – LIM & LSM

Linear Induction Motor (LIM)

Linear Synchronous Motor (LSM)

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Propulsion - Linear motor – LIM & LSM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_QBl6-_jJU

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Hyperloop in Korea?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82SnMTg1yp4
Propulsion - Linear motor – LIM & LSM

Linear Synchronous Motor (LSM) Demo.

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Propulsion - Linear motor – LIM & LSM

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Propulsion - Linear motor Simulation

• LIM motion 모델 (Comsol)

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Propulsion - Linear motor Simulation

• LSM 기본 구조 모델 (in Progress)

Figure 4 Schematic geometry of LSM Figure 5 3D graph for remnant magnetic flux density

Magnet + iron core + three phase coil

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Magnetic Levitation

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Magnetic Levitation - EDS

Lenz’s Law

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Magnetic Levitation

리니어 신칸센 (일본)

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Magnetic Levitation – EDS Test

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Aerodynamics of HyperLoop

CFD Model

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Aerodynamics of HyperLoop

Velocity distribution
■ Incompressible flow vs. compressible flow (without compressor)
 The velocity for the incompressible flow is larger at 0.001 atm than that at 1 atm.
 There is no shockwave at 0.001 atm for the compressible flow.

Velocity [m/s]
600 Incomp. (0.001 atm)
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 Comp. (0.001 atm)
Pod Incomp. (1 atm)

(a) Incomp. (0.001 atm)

Comp. (1 atm)

Uc [m/s]
400

200
(b) Comp. (0.001 atm)

0
-20 0 20
x [m]
(c) Incomp. (1 atm)

(d) Comp. (1 atm)

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Aerodynamics of HyperLoop

Pressure distribution
■ Incompressible flow vs compressible flow (without compressor)
 The compressibility effect changes the flow not only in front of the pod but also
in the back of the pod.
 The size of the low pressure zone at 1 atm is larger than the partial vacuum for
incompressible flow.
Total pressure [Pa]
102
-180 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Incomp. (0.001 atm)
Comp. (0.001 atm)
Pod Incomp. (1 atm)
Comp. (1 atm)
(a) Incomp. (0.001 atm) 100

10-2

Cp
(b) Comp. (0.001 atm) 10-4

10-6

-20 0 20
[kPa] x [m]
-180 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

(c) Incomp. (1 atm)

(d) Comp. (1 atm)

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Aerodynamics of HyperLoop

Compressor Effects
 Applying a compressor can significantly reduce the base drag at the partial vacuum.
 The compressor suppresses the stagnant and circulating flows in front of the pod at the
partial vacuum.

Velocity [m/s]
1.5 Pod No-Comp. (0.001 atm)
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 Comp. (0.001 atm)

Mach number
(a) No-Comp. (0.001 atm)
1

0.5
(b) Comp. (0.001 atm)

0
-20 0 20
x [m]

Front Rear

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Many other Technology Issues

• Components of HyperLoop Transportation System

1. Pod (Capsule) Design ; Aerodynamics, Turbo machinery,
Dynamics & Vibration, Clearance Control, Levitation (hydraulic
or magnetic)
2. Tube ; Fabrication, Materials, Vacuum sealing
3. Propulsion ; Linear Motor/driver, Power transmission/distribution

4. Communications ; Between Pods, Pods to Central Control

5. Energy ; Electricity supply, Renewable source (PV), Battery
6. Thermal; Heat removal, Pod HVAC, Air Supply

7. Station and Transit ; Accessibility, loading/unloading

8. Construction
9. Route, operation, safety, … … … …
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HyperLoop Communication

• Pod 내부 (유선)통신:

– CAN bus를 통한 pod 구성 모듈들 간 통신

• Pod 간 (무선)통신: 컨트롤 정보 교환

– 예: pod 간 안전거리 유지를 위한 감속명령 전송

Pod 구성요소 및 내부 CAN 모듈
• Pod-인프라 간 (무선)통신:

 인프라: base station 및 안테나, backhaul, 등

 Pod-to-관제실: pod 별 수집 정보(예: 센서 정보)

 관제실-to-pod: 컨트롤 정보(예: 발차 명령)

 Pod<->Internet: 승객들의 데이터 트래픽

BS

HSR 통신망 architecture

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HyperLoop Issues - Thermal

HVAC Aerodynamic heating

Image from UCLA SUPRASTUDIO

• No heat sink
• No Convection
• Vacuum Insulation
• Huge instantaneous
energy consumption

Electromagnetic heating

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What is HyperTube HTX (Hyper Tube eXpress)?
 Advanced transportation concept in Korea which has function of
on-demand & seamless connection between core metro areas
- Transporting between Seoul and Busan in 20 minute
- Cheaper construction and operating cost(LCC) than existing high speed railway
* LCC : Life Cycle Cost

Images from KRRI

Advanced Concept Transportation Network

Kwangwhamoon,
Seoul

Haewoondae,
Busan

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Korea R&D Roadmap for HyperTube HTX (by KRRI)
 Goal : Development of HyperTube
- Over 1200km/h level levitation/propulsion system development
- Capsule pod development
- Sub-vacuum tube infra development
※ The Project is supported by Korea Ministry of Science and ICT
(Project Manager : Korea Railroad Research Institute)
 Development Plan
- Stage 1 : Core technology development
- Stage 2 : Prototype test track development
- Stage 3 : Commercialization

Development Roadmap of HyperTube HTX

year ‘16 ‘17 ’18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘22 ‘23 ‘24 From ‘25

Core technology development Prototype test track

Milestone Commercialization
development

- Core technologies
- Small scale test track - Trial commissioning line
Main •EDS levitation
•capsule : dummy passengers •capsule : full passengers
•LSM Propulsion
contents •Flight stabilization
•speed : over 1200km/h •speed : over 1200km/h
•length : 2~3km •length : 20km
•Sub-vacuum tube

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Outcomes from HTX R&D (by KRRI)

01 Social effect
 Seoul - Busan in 20 min. : 30 min. life zone within entire S. Korea
 Innovative change in life pattern; Overcoming the limits of distance
 Decrease intraregional disparity
30 min. life zone
Within whole country
02 Industrial effect
 Development of relevant industry development & new business
 Railway market size : 223 trillion won(2014)→ 610 trillion won(2025)
 By assuming of 30% occupation of capsule train, creation of new business
with 183 trillion won is expected(2025)

03 Technological effect

 Lead sci. & tech. by obtaining world first sub-sonic capsule train
 Lead the commercialization technology of new concept transportation
 Obtain standard and technology leadership

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Thanks for Your Attentions

&

Q/A

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