NTERNAT/ONAL LAw

SUECT OF
perpomalhy
pi Cale
calley
endhty which 3e58eB Intentionod
Se 6ssession or Jntenaon
e enahomal ponpont decidinq
in o
Fesonclityip Hedpue the detemiping 4ucto
towhich endtep ase the sobjet L . An cnhibt
ble
deemed o osbcbs Sndbnadiond þenbondil 1trrt is coa
t boppeppin tenchiondheDTeS
OPPeNHEIM SMYS
ntemarionel peHpom6 one ho obdoocelonelet
in L is one who is Subjeh t L 6o 6hpto
en
enjye dutieb 0n ouue pte blehed h 3L, and
encel he aac to aon iternashiond lane ethe
diedc indinedly dheoggh qmethen slade.
Su8eCT of L msd ossesp Thee aacitic

fowe

Coodyto meisin)
4 glonitiend b note hedd Inet hecepagm4
n endth to oac8 dhe kians uies MecoMtze

an en Comteterd to a ony
actp 0 even Se a erevidethe owes
L that end Jould e eqded t o ie esoesco
Capa o became objecd L
Dietenen Vieus wiste de on dhe Guestion
48 do aha entidied anc decmed toShrc e

KEPLIST HEORY
Ace. to one vieus STATE n ae sbjds r L
uhee in Stade alane, 6 Sevenciqn otHcd oties
c.to this thesay, Stades alone e the peoe
sigths ma
obgahionDnden 3L
Actothe heost ndividuale dacho Juotidical
expeneli becoz the heithen siarthp o
Jutiep unde L.
S thoy haveg
that can be chimed oply t
Shres
þonBha
CRITIGISM a

p oi n e d b y
e

sktos.

to ephin the ape o T i E Y

This cos ails

h cness

SLA VES and RA Tes

aet ot aobey ot cnimin a violence
l ohove
Shib ttackeis vpen qnoher shi
Ce i nH g r S
 Ihe
Jois-tps whe Subscni be o he veur dhas on
Stetes ane objeckso L to econeile thepe tc
Cohtend ing het the a1e not the Subrd bu oljet
3-L
Thes
heheve sqpcad hed he doeatiep hich Comfoy Cendain
ghs ove Sleves andhiortesinpope cortain obligton
uhon the shetep hcxe 18 ho $uch dbiqtion h e
sirhes he Q.
Sevcb onnot heve any rts undo L
A+Te sent 3L is met Comned to shHte r

FICTIONALTHE0?y
oboste to eatat thepau
Indivdua'ane the obje JL
7 t is $0 becaube stade do net have Bou
sou
he have no
apeidyo
om o
Erepz
quhonormus i
Even ahe Stae Rinqogh nedvidals
The thea ip boped on a iction thet Jties+
ighrs o the phadep ae ondy ahedu ties
Men ho Compope them and thenehaue ti
uHimeey rdiriduale uh ae the bjech ot J
 STHTE NDIUDUA L ND CERTAIN NoN STATE
ENTITIES ARE SUBTE TS FUNCTIONAL MEORY
he thind vieuw nod oply Combincs he knst Sece nd vie ts

ut pcs se ehead eludetnadiond CJrganinio

qnd cendn othey non stade Enaities objeeh of :L
ANZING KAILWAyS OPPICIAL CASE
The exinen CGauart Sushice ovled ht oed
he indendion he atdies o confey cestain hds oon 9oe

ndivi duels en mtewnadtiena uo oill ecen3e

nige wh
uch zianis

and wil eaace hem

In his Cape OLANDhad aCaJuiored un den qn intesnaiona
Co. un do dhe aid gmeemei
e e men Yan
Pn tin
ima Kaila
cortain 4acilhies to
oLAND led gphecd o ovide
he oitiels341d o m o
in dhe oas
gn
PoLHD PRGKD 4ht Aid
gement was

nd t Caeated aishs qnd diieß onl in apech

Pfemedonad acu
ndividualp qs seh
the ties to the tpsgts and hence the
Omc pasbesp g sprto unde
TTT
c said tacu
THe lemanent Cowd oJsdee steiected the Cortetion
opoknd qnd suled hai ithe intenhion or the pwrics
ip to Canet ceytvin aigts upom individuals theh wil
not on leregmize uch sigts Gdvidal hd
alpe entancetiem.
 he MENOCIDE (ONVENTIO N oP 198
ha mpaped Certain duties diaecdy don the imdiidualb
the CoMventb, enbonp ime ogenotide m
y
be uniphed, No mtter thsher dheu ate dthe
had e
shehe, hah oitials 0nd ng
c
indiuidnls
this d to eeanedienal Coriminolod, the
u
makina dserticp heve impoped cerheh oblisdionp uto
thedivdvalp qma 4te stdep have
thip nnechon aitehmc Conpertel to T n
DA Convention 161, ggue
Convendion ehc.
LRCE Of DIVIDUALS TL
mdiyi dual e albo tided do be $ubjct eIL
enjpy sper agrls than sttte.
Sn Ahe in
ingins. he wee aceed 98
chec L
Sevsre dreticb have been Concluded
oheein irts hwe een cotomed and duicp tve
een impopcd upon individsal.

fay Condial neletion he sthdes h

4he qmice ble and
i necespa4 thet the Sndivi dves heuld no be
nvolved in uch qcts ve dehoni mental
a the he od ehlonp mon Shtes.
Expot Mo .
Pecided4he SC. o Aupadia| wherein tuteeysbns,
who wee toundh ooing. ezlasive substance o
the Soviet Chance, wee Con uicta.
FokLNERS
ToSeme Etend 9-L also uulrtgs the Conduct ohe oeige
Picc. to L, it he duly o each gehe-to ve to thiem
Hhope ght which Conte s on its ouwn Ctig ens.
Hhope
3Espionge &spiongqe isCaime under g4 Hence,
when the ics ae oehended Ahe uay be
unished
4undey $eme erties individeels have been
conteined
uhen pome ihdp whency the Can clqim compe n6rton 0
dmges 9amp the shees. fon &amle the tacaty o
yan p4idle, 1919. ovid ed u 14 het gn mdwduel euld
e suaimsth
GemenoComaostion u deMgk
sThe demghional cavennd on cwi and lticed gta, 1966
hd option otceel Cofeglhs dinedly upon the
1dividuals. Tese qlona wth he ut Commispio6
hawe enebed he mäwiduals. to sehd
etiionp even gqinst
theis ouw shtls.