Prepare the land thoroughly to have a good seedbed.

It will result in better seed germination,

control rapid growth of weeds, and fast root development of the plants. It will also give good
water retention in the soil which is very important in the growing period of the corn.

Plow the field 12-16 days before the intended planting. The first harrowing should be
done 7 days after plowing. The second harrowing is 7 days after the first harrowing and 2 days
before the planting schedule.

Make furrows on the field. The first application of fertilizer is during the 2nd harrowing 2 days
before planting. Lay out the furrows at a distance of 75 centimeters and deepness of 8
centimeters in regular weather conditions. But during the dry season, the recommended deepness
should be 10 centimeters.

Apply a basal application of fertilizer after furrowing and before planting. Used 30% of the total
NPK quantity, 70% will serve as a side dressing on a separate application schedule. If using
organic fertilizer (manure or compost), apply 4 bags and 2 bags of complete commercial
fertilizer (14-14-14) during the planting in one hectare.

Place the seeds in furrows at the rate of one seed every 25 centimeters after the fertilizer has been
covered. Be sure to cover the seeds with 5 centimeters of soil during the wet and 8 centimeters
during the dry seasons. After planting, press the soil gently for the roots of the seeds in contact
with the soil. Water the furrows so that the seeds can germinate quickly if the weather is dry.

Weeds are one of the problems during the period of plant growth. If not given much attention to
be out in the field, the yield will reduce enormously. That is the reason why it is a must that the
field should be repeatedly plowed and harrowed to kill all germinating weed seeds before
planting.

In the event emergence of weeds left uncultivated because of the wider area to be monitored and
controlled, you must apply herbicides to assist you aside from hand and mechanical weeding that
you regularly do. Spray the field once 2 days after planting. While spraying, avoid the plants to
be in contact with the herbicides.

Side dress the plant with fertilizer 70% of nitrogen requirement 30 days after the emergence of
the seed or the height of the plant is at knee level. The 30% nutrient requirement will be applied
before planting.

If you have the option to use organic fertilizer from animal manure and compost, apply 3 bags in
addition to 2 bags of urea fertilizer (46-0-0) in a narrow band of 5 cm from the plant base. To
avoid stress on the growing plants, keep away fertilizer to direct contact with the plants. Cover
the fertilizer with soil by digging a hole 10 cm deep where the fertilizer has to be placed and do
slight cultivation or hilling up the plants.

Hilling up is one way of preventing the growth of weeds near the plants especially those that
cannot be reached by fungicides.

Monitor the condition of the plants. If there is a population of pests, especially corn borer, apply
granular ski directly to the plant whorl or you can use the emulsified concentrate solution. Spray
it in the plant whorl including the stem.

If the plant has a disease, use fungicides to control its spread. Follow the manufacturer’s
instructions to the rate of its application.

Some varieties reach full maturity 116 days after the emergence of seeds. The moisture content
of the seeds should be 40%. Harvest anytime at your convenience.

If harvested 120 days after planting, the moisture content should be 28%. Dry the corn further to
reach 18% moisture for a better shelling of seeds. Sundry it from the heat of the sun. Shell and
redry to 14% after shelling. It can be stored longer before marketing. While in storage, place the
seeds in a cool and dry environment. The place should be free from pests and rats.
Rice Production

Ruminant Production
A. Vitamin Injection
Different vitamins perform different functions in an animal’s body. Vitamin B- complex
and vitamin ADE are the most commonly used vitamins given to livestock animals.
Vitamins are very important to the body, however, they are only required in small
amounts.
Vitamins B-complex is a collection of different vitamins that form the B vitamin group.
These vitamins are water-soluble which they can be easily transported throughout the
body. B- complex injection is mainly used for animals with fever, downer, pregnancy,
impaired digestive tract, prolonged disease, and any form of Vitamin B deficiency.
Vitamin A is involved in the proper function of epithelial and mucous membranes for
vision. Vitamin D regulates and corrects calcium and phosphate metabolism in blood and
plays an important role in the uptake of calcium and phosphate in the intestine. Vitamin E
is a fat-soluble anti-oxidant, involved in stabilizing unsaturated fatty acids.
Vitamins are intramuscularly injected. In small and large ruminants the site for injection
is on the neck portion with the triangle. In chicken, IM injections are usually in the breast
area.

B. Silage Making
Silage is forage, crop residues on agricultural by-products preserved by several
preservatives, either artificially added or produced by natural preservation in the absence
of air. It must be emphasized that air is the biggest enemy of silage (Moran,2005). Silage-
making is conducted right before the summer season to provide a regular supply of forage
to the ruminants. Napier grass is usually used in silage making. They are chopped into
shorter lengths using the mechanical chopper. The chopped grass is then weighed and
transported into the silage-making area. Molasses and salt are added to the chopped
forage and then covered tightly to prevent the presence of air. The molasses and salt are
allowed to incorporate with the forage through heat; therefore, no mixing is needed.
C. Ear Tagging
Ear tagging is the most common system of identification. Ear tags are rectangular plastics
that are usually yellow in color with the number printed or engraved in them. It is used by
livestock management for record-keeping on important data necessary for raising
animals. Most of the small ruminants used ear tags as identification while the cattle uses
both the ear tag and the ear notch. An ear tag applicator is used in ear tagging. Ear tags
are placed on the left ear for the female animal while on the right for male animals. There
are two kinds of ear tag present in Ubay Stock Farm, one that was from the supplier and
the other one from the farm.

D. Deworming
Deworming is the medical practice of giving anthelmintic drugs for the expulsion of
internal parasites like tapeworms and roundworms. Most animals usually do not exhibit
indications of having internal parasites. Through fecalysis, the internal parasite
infestation is detected and the appropriate dewormer is given. In large ruminants, a
drenching gun is used for deworming. Deworming is done orally using albendazole as the
drug. There are some situations in which subcutaneous administration of ivermectin is
used. For small and large ruminants, a syringe without a needle is used for deworming.
This is placed on the side of the mouth of an animal to avoid wastage and to avoid the
medicine to penetrate the pharynx.

E. Record Keeping
Record keeping is the collection of relevant information that can help to make decisions
and keep track of activities, production, and important events on the farm. Ubay Stock
Farm keeps several farm records that are simple and systematic. An important component
of agricultural animal health programs is maintaining records that can be used to monitor
animal events.

F. Medication and Vaccination Program

Animal health care management is managed by the farm veterinarians. Proper health
management is essential for the well-being of an animal. The farm follows a medication
and vaccination program which serves as a basis of medical assistance to the animals.

Table No. 8 Medication Program for Small and Large Ruminants

No. of Days upon arrival Activities Conducted Drugs/ Biologics Used
1st week -Deworming -Albendazole
-Vitamin/Mineral Vitamin
Supplementation B-Complex/Vitamin
ADE/D.C.M.
2nd week -Vaccination against - Hemorrhagic
Hemorrhagic Septicemia Vaccine
Septicemia
-preparation for the - Microban/Chlorine
release solution
-Disinfection of the
chute
3rd week -Release to their ---------------------------
respective area/chute*
6th month -revaccinate for -Hemorhhagic
hemorhhagic Septicimia Vaccine
septicimia
Every 3 months -deworming -Vitamin
-vitamins/mineral B-Complex/Vitamin
 supplementation ADE/D.C.M.
Every 6 months -vaccination against Hemorhhagic
hemorrhagic Septicimia Vaccine
septicemia