Page No. 01 06.04.

2024 / Saturday
वीवीपीएटी बनाम मतों
क� पुनगर्णना एवं मत –
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स�ापन

Page No. 03

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THREATS OF GLACIAL
LAKE OUTBURST FLOOD
WHY IN THE NEWS ? devastating flash floods that
The Uttarakhand administra- claimed numerous lives.
tion has formed two expert The glacial lakes in Uttara-
teams tasked with assessing khand are classified into three
the danger posed by five categories: ‘A’, ‘B’, and ‘C’,
potentially perilous glacial with ‘A’ denoting the most
lakes situated in the area. sensitive ones. Among the 13
These lakes are susceptible lakes in Uttarakhand, five are
to Glacial Lake Outburst classified as ‘A’ (highly sen-
Floods (GLOFs), incidents sitive), four as ‘B’ (sensitive),
that have caused numerous and four as ‘C’ (relatively
calamities in the Himalayan less sensitive).
regions in recent times. Notably, the Pithoragarh
district hosts four of the
GLACIAL LAKES IN highly sensitive lakes, while
UTTARAKHAND one is situated in the Chamoli 31ST JAN 2024
Uttarakhand is home to 13 district. In terms of sensitive
of the 188 glacial lakes lakes, Pithoragarh has two,
identified in the Himalayan with one each in Chamoli and
region. These lakes gained Tehri districts. 29th05 िदसबं र 2023
significant attention follow- 11:00 - 12:00PM
ing a catastrophic event in TEAMS DEPLOYED TO
February 2021 when a gla- ASSESS UTTARA-
cial lake outburst in Chamoli KHAND’S RISKIEST
district resulted in the GLACIAL LAKES
destruction of a small hydro-
power project on the Rishi Read More
Ganga river and triggered Himanshu Mishra
 Page No. 02 06.04.2024 / Saturday
EMPLOYMENT CRISIS IN SOUTH
ASIA AS PER WB REPORT
Why in the news? South Asia: South Asia’s region: South Asia is caught
A new World Bank report, employment ratio dropped between a rock and a hard
28thAUG
“Jobs for Resilience,” by 2% from 2000 to 2023, place. The region is particu-
warns that South Asia, while most emerging mar- larly susceptible to the
kets held steady. This weak-
including India, is failing impacts of climate change,
to create enough jobs forness persists even after a but its limited government 12 th December
2023
post-pandemic surge.
its young population. This resources make it difficult
could jeopardise Low Participation: Com-
the to implement large-scale
pared to other developing
region’s demographic divi- adaptation policies. This
dend, even though it’s economies, South Asia has leaves the burden of coping
expected to have the significantly lower employ- with climate shocks on
world’s fastest economic ment ratios across the businesses, farmers, and
growth (6.0-6.1%) in board. In 2023, only 59% of especially poor households, 30th SEP. 2023
2024-25. the working-age population who are often hit the hard-
was employed, far below est.
SIGNIFICANT FIND- the 70% average in other Jobless Growth: Unlike
INGS OF THE REPORT regions.
Climate Vulnerability of the Read More
Decline in Employment in Himanshu Mishra

INDIA’S BORDER INFRASTRUCTURE PUSH

WHY IN THE NEWS?
In early March, Indian
Prime Minister Narendra
Modi inaugurated the Sela
Tunnel in Arunachal
Pradesh, close to the
Sino-India border. This
tunnel is crucial for
strengthening India’s
defense at the Border
region to counter China’s
aggression at the border.
PM Modi’s visit in
Arunachal pradesh for the
inauguration of sela tunnel
was criticized by China
which it claims as its eastern
territory and part of Tibet.
China has developed
state-of-the-art infrastruc-
ture across the Sino-Indian
border as well in the Tibetan
It will reduce the distance between the
strategically critical monastery town
Autonomous Region (TAR)
of Tawang and Dirangby by 12 km
and save around 90 minutes for trav-
ABOUT SELA TUNNEL: elers in each direction.More impor-
tantly, the tunnel provides a huge
According to an Indian media relief from weather-related issues.
report, the Sela tunnel project,
including the tunnels — a
NEED FOR BUILDING
main tunnel and an escape
tunnel for emergency services BORDER INFRASTRUC-
— the approach and link TURE:
roads is around 12 km.
Unfriendly neighborhood- India is
having tough relations on its northern
frontier with China and Pakistan.
There is also the possibility of a two
front war as increasing closeness
between China and Pakistan.

Hilly terrain- The geography in the

northern frontier includes himalayan
mountains and cold desert. Where it is
highly difficult to mobilize army
personnel.

Chinese aggression- China’s salami

slicing strategy, which reflects an
aggressive attitude towards neighbor-
ing countries which is visible in its

Read More
Ankit
 Page No. 03
वीवीपीएटी बनाम मतो ं क� पुनगर्णना एवं मत –
स�ापन
खबरों में �ों ? हाल ही में भारत के चुनाव आयोग द्वारा भारत के लोकसभा चुनाव 2024 के िव�भ� चरणों और तारीखों क�
घोषणा क� गई है ।
भारत में होनेवाले लोकसभा आम
चुनाव 2024 के िव�भ� चरणों क�
घोषणा के साथ ही िव�भ� राजनीितक
दलों द्वारा भारत के उ�तम �ायालय
में VVPAT प�चर्यों का EVM में पड़े
वोटों से �मलान करने के सं बं ध में एक
या�चका दायर हुई है ।
भारत के उ�तम �ायलय के
�ायमूितर् ज��स बीआर गवई और
ज��स सं दीप मेहता क� बेंच ने भारत
में चुनाव सुधारों के सं बं ध में दायर हुई
इस या�चका पर चुनाव आयोग और
केंद्र सरकार को नोिटस जारी कर
जवाब मांगा है ।
कांग्रेस महास�चव जयराम रमेश ने
ख़बरों में �ों ? हाल ही में भारत क� िव� मं त्री ने 1 फरवरी 2024 सं सद में अंत�रम बजट को पेश करते हुए
भारत में सौर ऊजार् को बढ़ावा देने के �लए पीएम सोलर रूफटॉप योजना क� घोषणा क� है ।
इस योजना के तहत भारत में एक करोड़
प�रवारों को हर महीने 300 यूिनट तक
फ्र� िबजली दी जाएगी ।
इस योजना का प्राथ�मक ल� ऊजार् �ेत्र
में भारत को आ�िनभर्र बनाना और
भारत के गरीब और म�म वगर् लोगों के
�लए िबजली के िबल को कम करना है ।
सरकार का ल� नवीकरणीय ऊजार् के
उपयोग को बढ़ावा देना और पारं प�रक
ऊजार् स्रोतों पर िनभर्रता को कम करके
घरे लू �र पर सौर ऊजार् को �ापक रूप
से अपनाने को प्रो�ािहत करना है ।
25 30
06.04.2024 / Saturday
भारत के उ�तम �ायलय के इस फैसले का अ�धक इले�ॉ� िनक वोिटंग मशीनों
समथर्न करते हुए कहा है िक – “ ईवीएम में (ईवीएम) का उपयोग करके भारत के
जनता का िव�ास बढ़ाने और भारत में होने मतदाता अपना मत डालेंगे और इस
वाले आम चुनावों में चुनावी प्रिक्रया क� चुनावी प्रिक्रया में अपनी भागीदारी
स�िन�ा सुिन��त करने के �लए 100 सुिन��त करें गे ।
प्रितशत वीवीपैट (VVPAT) का इ�ेमाल
होना चािहए ।” वीवीपीएटी (VVPAT) का प�रचय :
वतर्मान समय में भारत में होने वाले आम वीवीपीएटी (VVPAT) का पूरा नाम –
चुनावों में वोटों के गणना के स�ापन के वोटर वे�रिफ़एबल पेपर ऑिडट ट�ेल्स
�लए 5 रैं डम मतदान केंद्रों क� वीवीपैट पेपर है, जो चुनाव प्रिक्रया में इले�ॉ� िनक
प�चर्यों का ईवीएम से �मलान िकया जाता वोिटंग मशीन (ईवीएम) से जुड़ी
है । मशीन होती हैं । जब कोई मतदाता
भारत में होने वाले लोकसभा चुनाव 2024 ईवीएम का उपयोग करके वोट डालता
दुिनया क� सबसे बड़ी लोकतांित्रक चुनावी
प्रिक्रया है, �जसमें करीब 900 �म�लयन से
Read More
Akhilesh Kumar
पीएम सोलर रूफटॉप योजना
लगभग 11.08 गीगावॉट है । ,
भारत में सौर ऊजार् �मता के मामले में राज�ान कुल
सौर ऊजार् �मता (18.7 गीगावॉट) के कारण भारत के
भारत में ऊजार् के �ेत्र में सौर ऊजार् का है । सभी रा�ों में में अग्रणी है जबिक गुजरात छत पर
मह� : हाल के िदनों में सौर ऊजार् में िवशेष रूप कुल सौर ऊजार् �मता के मामले में (2.8 गीगावॉट) के
से मह�पूणर् वृ�द्ध देखी गई है, जो 2010 साथ भारत में शीषर् �ान पर है ।
अंतरार्��ीय ऊजार् एजेंसी (IEA) के में 10 मेगावाट से बढ़कर 2023 में भारत क� कुल नवीकरणीय ऊजार् �मता में सौर ऊजार्
अनुसार, भारत को अगले 30 वष� में 70.10 गीगावॉट हो गई है । का एक मह�पूणर् �ान है, जो लगभग 180 गीगावॉट
वै��क �र पर सबसे बड़ी ऊजार् मांग है ।
वृ�द्ध का अनुभव होने क� उ�ीद है । भारत क� वतर्मान सौर ऊजार् �मता : भारत ने वषर् 2030 तक नवीकरणीय ऊजार् के �ेत्र में
भारत में ऊजार् के �ेत्र में बढ़ती मांग को पूणर् रूप से आ�िनभर्र बनने का ल� िनधार्�रत िकया
पूरा करने के �लए ऊजार् का एक वतर्मान में नवीकरणीय ऊजार् मं त्रालय है, �जसके तहत 2030 तक 500 गीगावॉट
िव�सनीय और िटकाऊ स्रोत द्वारा जारी एक �रपोटर् के अनुसार िदसं बर नवीकरणीय ऊजार् �मता प्रा� करने का ल�
मह�पूणर् है, �जसके तहत भारत को 2023 तक, भारत क� कुल सौर �मता िनधार्�रत िकया गया है ।
कोयले जैसे ऊजार् के पारं प�रक स्रोतों लगभग 73.31 गीगावाट (जीड�ू) है,
पर िनभर्रता को कम करना आव�क �जसमें छत पर सौर ऊजार् का योगदान �ा होता है रूफटॉप सोलर पैनल ?
रूफटॉप सोलर पैनल घर क� छत पर लगाए जाते हैं ।
इन पैनलों में सोलर �ेट लगी होती है । यह ऐसी
तकनीक है जो सूयर् क� िकरणों से ऊजार् सोखकर
िबजली उ�ादन करती है ।
इसके पैनल में फोटोवो��क बैटरी लगी होती है जो
सौर ऊजार् को िबजली में बदल देती हैं ।
सौर ऊजार् के तहत उ�ािदत िबजली भी वही काम
05 Oct. 2023 करती है जो पावर िग्रड से आई िबजली करती है ।
th
पीएम सोलर रूफटॉप योजना :
पीएम सोलर रूफटॉप योजना को वषर् 2014 में प्रारं भ
िकया गया था । यह योजना आवासीय �ेत्र में रूफटॉप
Read More
Akhilesh kumar
Page No. 04 01.10.2023
06.04.2024 / Sunday
/ Saturday

25thMar. 2024
 Page No. 05 Bank & SSC Current Affairs 06.04.2024 / Saturday
World’s First Om-Shaped Nidhu Saxena Appointed as
Temple Inaugurated in MD & CEO of Bank of
Rajasthan Maharashtra
The world’s first-ever temple designed in the iconic Om In a significant development, the central govern-
shape has been inaugurated in the village of Jadan, Pali ment has approved the appointment of Nidhu
district of Rajasthan. This architectural masterpiece, Saxena as the Managing Director & Chief Execu-
spanning across 250 acres, is not only expected to attract tive Officer (MD & CEO) of the Bank of Maha-
tourists but will also boast an impressive visual presence rashtra. This appointment will be effective for a
visible from space. period of three years starting from 27 March 2024.

Indian Expert Kamal Kishore to

Lead UN’s Disaster Risk Q. What are the causes of ocean
Reduction Efforts currents? How do currents affect
The United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres the temperature of a region?
has appointed Kamal Kishore of India as the new Assistant
Secretary-General and Special Representative of the Sec- View points:
retary-General for Disaster Risk Reduction. He will lead
the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
(UNDRR). Write in brief about Ocean Cur-
rents.

Enumerate the factors responsi-

Read More ble for their formation.
By Vikas Mavi
Explain how currents affect the
temperature and climatic condi-
tions of a region with examples.
Page No. 06 06.04.2024 / Saturday
 Page No. 07
Q1. Consider the following statements:
• Off-budgeting is a process which helps in
managing fiscal deficit.
• Off-budgeting is a type of loan taken by a
public institution on the direction of the
central government.
• Parliamentary supervision is negligible in
off-budgeting.
• Off-budgeting is used as a tool to meet
extra budgetary expenses.
ANSWER: C
EXPLANATION:
• Off-budgeting is away from fiscal deficit
targets. According to the CAG report,
off-budgeting is not counted or used in fiscal
deficit targets. Hence statement 1 is not
correct.
• After taking direction from the central
government, public institutions like IOCL,
BHAIL, GAIL etc. can borrow money from
the market which is termed as off-budgeting.
Hence statement 2 is correct.
• As off-budgeting is not formally a part of
the central government, hence it is not being
regulated by Parliament. Hence statement 3
is correct.
• Public institutions borrow money from the
market which is spent by the government on
developmental projects without being the
part of the allocated budget. Hence statement
4 is correct.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1, 3 and 4 only
(b) 1 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2 and 4 only
ANSWER: A
EXPLANATION:
• A V-shaped economy is a type of economy
in which it recovers quickly after a slow-
down.
• Economic survey 2020-21 highlighted that
India’s economy has taken V-shape as it has
recovered quickly from the impact of lock-
down imposed to check Covid-19. Hence
statement 1 is correct.
• V-shaped economies signify public as well
as private investment to boost economic
activity of the country. Hence statement 2 is
not correct.
Q2. With reference to the term ‘Thalinom-
ics’, consider the following statements:
India is witnessing V- shaped recovery after
lockdown.
•V-shaped economies signify extremely high
investment by the government only.
06.04.2024 / Saturday
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWER: A
EXPLANATION:
• A V-shaped economy is a type of economy
in which it recovers quickly after a slowdown.
• Economic survey 2020-21 highlighted that
India’s economy has taken V-shape as it has
recovered quickly from the impact of lock-
down imposed to check Covid-19. Hence
statement 1 is correct.
• V-shaped economies signify public as well as
private investment to boost economic activity
of the country. Hence statement 2 is not
correct.
Q3. The term ‘Bank run’ often seen in news
refers to_
• The National Statistical Office (NSO) reports
Gross Domestic Product at market prices in
India.
• GVA at basic prices includes the total impact
of the indirect taxes on the total economic
output of the economy.
ANSWER: D
EXPLANATION:
• The National Statistical Office (NSO),
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Imple-
mentation releases the estimates of Gross
Domestic Product (GDP). Thus, statement 1 is
correct.
• Gross value added (GVA) is defined as the
value of output less the value of intermediate
consumption. Value added represents the
contribution of labour and capital to the
production process.
• GVA at basic prices= GVA at factor cost +
(Production taxes less Production subsidies).
Thus, statement 2 is not correct.
• GDP at market prices = GVA at basic prices
+ Product taxes- Product subsidies.
Q4. Consider the following statements:
• The National Statistical Office (NSO)
reports Gross Domestic Product at market
prices in India.
• GVA at basic prices includes the total impact
of the indirect taxes on the total economic
output of the economy.
Select the correct answer from the code
given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWER: D
EXPLANATION:
• Main objectives of Disinvestment in
India:
• Reducing the fiscal burden on the
exchequer.Thus, statement 1 is correct.
• Improving public finances
• Encouraging private ownership
• Funding growth and development
programmes
• Maintaining and promoting competi-
tion in the market
• Disinvestment means sale or liquida-
tion of assets by the government,
usually Central and state public sector
enterprises, projects, or other fixed
assets. In some cases, disinvestment
may be done to privatise assets but
not all disinvestment is privatisation.
Thus, statement 2 is correct.
• Disinvestment allows a larger share of
PSU ownership in the open market,
which in turn allows for the develop-
ment of a strong capital market in
India. Thus, statement 3 is correct.
Q5. Which of the following are the
objectives of Disinvestment in India?
1. Reducing fiscal burden on the
exchequer
2. Encouraging private ownership
3. Promoting competition in the
market
Choose the correct answer from the
code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWER: B
EXPLANATION:
• The Green Climate Fund (GCF), the
world’s largest environmental fund, was
established formally as a financing
mechanism by the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) in 2010 it is head-
quartered in the Songdo district in South
Korea. Thus statement 1 is correct.
• As the fund was established to help
developing nations come up with
disruptive policies, programmes and
projects that would eventually mitigate
climate change. It is managed by the
World Bank. Thus, statement 2 is
correct.
•It engages with the private sector
directly in global mitigation and adapta-
tion programmes. Thus it can be said
that the fund is a unique global initiative
to respond to climate change by
 Page No. 08 06.04.2024 / Saturday

Community Questions
Q1. Which of the following is the correct formula for finding
the area of a circle?
(a) A = bh (b) A = lw

(c) A = πr^2 (d) A = 2πr

Q2. Which sociological theory emphasizes the importance of

power and conflict in society?
(a) Functionalism (b) Symbolic Interactionism
(c) Conflict Theory (d) Feminist Theory

Q3.Who is known as the father of modern anthropology?

(a) Franz Boas

(b) Bronislaw Malinowski
(c) Claude Levi-Strauss
(d) Margaret Mead
Q4. Who was the court poet of Samudragupta?

(a) Harisena (b) Asanga

(c) Veerasena (d) Vasubandhu
Q5. Which of the following is the primary function of the mito-
chondria in a cell?
(a) Photosynthesis (b) Protein synthesis
(c) Energy production (d) Cell division