Professional Documents
Culture Documents
WK 2 - Notes
WK 2 - Notes
LOCUS OF CONTROL
a. Extent people feel they have control over the events that influence their lives, control
over their destinies. It’s a personal assessment of how you FEEL
b. Internal vs. external: I control vs luck/fate
INTERNAL LOCUS PEOPLE EXTERNAL LOCUS PEOPLE: what about the stoics?
e. SENSITIVE LINE
2. Tolerance of ambiguity
a. Definition: ambiguity
i. Quality of being open to more than 1 interpretation
ii. Inexactness
iii. Situation or statement that is unclear
b. Definition: tolerance of ambiguity
i. Extent to which people are threatened/ have difficulty coping with rapid
change or unpredictability
ii. Degree of comfort with uncertainty, unclear situation, grey areas
c. Why tolerance is important? Positives and potential negatives of high tolerance
d. Low tolerance people need rules, high tolerance are comfortable with grey areas
and may seem inconsistent in their logic
e. Measure:
i. Budners tolerance scale
1. Components: Novelty (Newness), Complexity (multiple distinctive
information), Insolubility (attitude towards difficult problems to
solve).
ii. MacDonalds Revision of Rydell and Rosen’s
f. How to Improve:
i. Exposure: observe it, watch videos about it, observe someone doing it
ii. Experience: engage, start small, will increase your feeling of control
iii. Reflection: think about it, how did it go, what did you learn
iv. Repeat: do it again (not necessarily the exact same thing), did you feel
progress was made, do others think you made progress
g. Improve specifically the components of ambiguity:
i. Novelty: watch and read about it, plan and implement
ii. Complexity: watch and read about it then try and do it for yourself
iii. Insolubility: try cross words or Sudoku, balanced documentaries on
difficult social topics, search publicly available databases
1. Values Awareness
a. Definition:
i. Things that are important to us, judgment, beliefs of a person or social
group
ii. Emotional investment for or against something
iii. Rokeach’s Model:
1. Terminal values: reflect desirable ends or goals (freedom,
friendship)
2. Instrumental: desirable standards of conduct/methods to reach a
goal (honest, logical)
b. Why is it important?
i. Values consciously and subconsciously influence our perceptions,
attitudes, priorities, ethical concepts, behaviors
ii. Awareness of values can simplify decision making and set a standard of
behavior
iii. Different values may lead to conflict
iv. Values influence organizational culture; especially true in entrepreneurs
as they seek people based n their own personal values and thus set the
tone of the corporate culture
c. Measure:
i. Rokeach: Completed but some of the values seemed to generalistic, that I
would assume are derived from others or assumed to be a part of life
ii. personal Values (Free Online Test) values [Wealth, Discipline, Courage,
Financial Stability, Family]
iii. Positive psychology (3 links included)
d. How to Improve:
i. Take an assessment/inventory or ask a friend to complete one about you
(their perception of what you value in rank order)
ii. Rank order what you want to achieve in life
iii. Rank order the characteristics you want used to describe you
iv. Write your obituary or ask a friend to do so
v. Determine how personal attitudes and decisions mesh with personal
values
vi. PERSONAL VALUES CHANGE OVER TIME
2. Definition:
i. Cultural Values:
1. moral principles/beliefs or accepted standards of a person/social
group; beliefs/ideas a community/society upholds as important
2. people belong to more than one group
ii. National Values:
1. Hofstede’s 6D Model:
power distance is
determined by the
person at the bottom;
uncertainty avoidance
links to ritual and THE
truth than many
truths.
2. Trompenaars’s 7 Dimensions:
Internal/external direction links to locus of
control