Great Expectations is the thirteenth novel by Charles Dickens and his penultimate

completed novel.

The theme of the passage is what people are willing to sacrifice for the sake of
love ones.

The main ideas are sacrifice for the benefit of someone, nobility, the lower and
upper classes of society.

The importance and drama of this chapter are apparent from its very beginning, and
Dickens communicates this to the reader in various ways, such as the build-up of
the dramatic and mysterious atmosphere.

It was wretched weather; stormy and wet, stormy and wet: and mud, mud, mud, deep in
all the streets. Day after day, a vast heavy veil had been driving over London from
the East, and it drove still, as if in the East there were an eternity of cloud and
wind."
This is a very discouraging and sombre description, a description that interests
the reader.
“Wretched weather” is an epithet ;
“Mud, mud ,mud” is an repetition ;
“Eternity of of cloud” is a hyperbole;

Next, the author tells about the sounds of footsteps on the stairs: "There is some
one down there, is there not?" I called out, looking down. "Yes," said a voice from
the darkness beneath. "What floor do you want?" "The top, Mr. Pip." "That is my
name. There is nothing the matter?»
«a voice from the darkness beneath” is metonymy

Here we find out that the main character's name is Pip.

"The Voice from the Darkness" knows the name of the narrator. Who is this man? The
author keeps the intrigue.

The author describes a mysterious man:«Then I saw that his head was furrowed and
bald, and that the long iron-grey hair grew only on its * matters not-stands for.»

“iron-grey hair” is an epithet .

The stranger expressed his desire to enter the narrator's flat : «I had asked him
the question inhospitably enough, for I resented the sort of bright and gratified
recognition that still shone in his face. I resented it, because it seemed to imply
that he expected me to respond to it.”

«the sort of bright and gratified recognition that still shone in his face.» is an
epithet.

Now that the "storm" is receding, the plot begins to unfold. Pip tries to turn him
out but, disarmed by the man’s warmth towards him, invites the man to stay for a
drink.

The stranger is playing with Pip, asking apparently "innocent" questions and doing.
Nevertheless, men's "guesses" are becoming more and more accurate, and as they
appear, Pipa's emotions become more and more insane.

« «It's disappointing to a man,» he said in a coarse broken voice, "after having

looked for'ard so distant, and come so fur; but you're not to blame for that-
neither on us is to blame for that. I'll speak in half a minute. Give me half a
minute, please."»

"after having looked for'ard so distant, and come so fur” is an antítesis .

"I'm glad you've grow'd up a game one! But don't catch hold of me. You'd be sorry
arterwards to have done it." is an another hint.

Author shows that Pip recognizes the man:”I knew him! Even yet I could not recall a
single feature, but I knew him!”
“I knew him!», “But I knew him” is a repetition .

Pip’s reaction to the man is not one of gratitude, but one of disgust and
unbearable disappointment - in his circumstances and himself.

The author reveals who the man is: “«Concerning a guardian," he went on. "There
ought to have been some guardian or such-like, whiles you was a minor.*** Some
lawyer maybe. As to the first letter of that lawyer's name, now. Would it be J?" “

Pip is horrified by this revelation because it makes him intimately indebted to a

low class convict.

«All the truth of my position came flashing on me; and its disappointments,
dangers, disgraces, consequences of all kinds, rushed in such a multitude that I
was borne down by them and had to struggle for every breath I drew.»
« All the truth of my position” is a metaphor .

“…its disappointments, dangers, disgraces, consequences of all kinds, rushed in

such multitude …” is a personification .

Trying to persuade Pip that he need not feel that he was under any obligation to
him for what he had done to make Pip a gentleman, the convict seeks to lay a stress
on the fact, that though his position is low and humble he is righteously proud of
his deed and that the young man's happiness is the only compensation he wishes. His
words emphasize the convict's magnanimity and Pip's pettiness.

The convict reveals that he is Pip's patron. Pip is speechless with horror and
nearly faints. The convict, meanwhile, explains how he has scrimped and saved for
years working to make Pip a gentleman. He marvels with pride at Pip's genteel
appearance.
«It’s me wot has done it!” is a juxtaposition .
“I spec’lated you and got rich” is a juxtaposition .

In this passage, we consider such problems as sacrifice for the sake of someone's
good and differences in the strata of society. Pip was stunned by the confession of
his old friend who visited him. Pip did not know that all his material goods were
the merit of a man from a lower society. Pip didn't ask for it, should he be
grateful for it? Each of us would have acted differently.