Smart Materials Features:

• the SM operating functions, like those of any material, correspond to its

natural properties – mechanical, physical, chemical and others

• structure changes after the external influence energy W reaches the

critical value exceeding the activation energy of the material restructuring
process: W > Wa

• the external influence energy is consumed to restructure the SM, but not
the energy generated by the engineering system in which the material
operates

• the SM is capable of comparing the external influence energy with the

extent of primary material restructuring; the result of this comparison is
implemented in the feedback signal targeting the energy of external
influence at secondary adjustment of material structure,

• the feedback is the main distinctive feature of self-organizing SM which is

atypical for any other category of materials.
• The feedback is the form of mutual influence of the SM
true state and variable conditions of its operation. The
feedback is termed positive if the SM structure
transforms not enough under the direct feed effect and
the feedback accelerates this process. It is the negative
feedback when the SM restructuring process changes
the direction stabilizing the material structure.

• There are mechanical, optical, electrical and other

feedback types differing in the nature of processes
using which the feedback is implemented in the SM.
smart material model
 Methods Of Materials Taxonomy

• The conditions of application of materials (A)

• The determinative properties of materials (B)
• The material structure (C)
 Classification of smart materials and
engineering systems

1. Taxons with feedback system acting by deformation mechanisms.

2. Taxons with feedback system of tribological nature.
3. Taxons with feedback system exerting thermal influence.
4. Taxons with feedback system acting by emission.
5. Taxons with feedback system of electric nature.
6. Taxons with feedback system of magnetic nature.
7. Taxons with diffusive feedback system.
8. Taxons with feedback system controlling chemical reactions.
9. Taxons with feedback system of biochemical nature.