**Page 1: Descrip/ve Sta/s/cs**

1. Calculate the mean, median, and mode for the following dataset:
\[ 10, 15, 12, 18, 15, 14, 16, 13, 11, 17 \]

2. Find the range, variance, and standard devia/on for the same dataset.

3. Given a set of exam scores: 85, 90, 88, 92, 85, 89, 94, calculate the z-scores for each score.

4. Determine the interquar/le range (IQR) for the dataset:

\[ 22, 25, 28, 30, 32, 35, 40, 45, 50 \]

5. If a dataset has a skewness of -0.5, is it posi/vely or nega/vely skewed? Explain.

**Solu/ons for Page 1:**

1. Mean = 14.1, Median = 14.5, Mode = 15

2. Range = 8, Variance ≈ 6.89, Standard Devia/on ≈ 2.62
3. Z-scores: [-0.87, 0.22, -0.33, 1.09, -0.87, -0.11, 1.54]
4. IQR = 15

**Page 2: Probability**

1. A fair six-sided die is rolled. Find the probability of rolling an even number.

2. Two cards are drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards without replacement. What is the
probability that both cards are hearts?

3. If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.5, and P(A and B) = 0.2, find the probability of either event A or event B
occurring.

4. A spinner is divided into 8 equal sec/ons, numbered 1 through 8. What is the probability of
landing on a mul/ple of 3?

5. In a bag, there are 5 red balls, 3 green balls, and 2 blue balls. If a ball is randomly chosen,
what is the probability of selec/ng a green ball?

**Solu/ons for Page 2:**

1. \( \frac{1}{2} \)
2. \( \frac{13}{102} \)
3. \( P(A \cup B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A \cap B) = 0.7 \)
4. \( \frac{1}{4} \)
5. \( \frac{3}{10} \)

**Page 3: Hypothesis Tes/ng**

1. State the null hypothesis (\(H_0\)) and the alterna/ve hypothesis (\(H_a\)) for a study
inves/ga/ng the effec/veness of a new drug.

2. A sample of 30 students has a mean score of 75 on a test with a known popula/on standard
devia/on of 10. Test the hypothesis that the popula/on mean is 80 at a 5% significance level.

3. Conduct a chi-squared goodness-of-fit test for the observed frequencies:

\[ \text{Observed: } 25, 30, 15, \text{ Expected: } 20, 35, 25 \]

4. Define Type I and Type II errors in the context of hypothesis tes/ng.

5. A manufacturer claims that the average lifespan of their light bulbs is at least 1000 hours. A
random sample of 50 bulbs has a mean lifespan of 980 hours with a standard devia/on of 50
hours. Test the manufacturer's claim at a 1% significance level.

**Solu/ons for Page 3:**

1. \(H_0\): The new drug has no effect, \(H_a\): The new drug is effec/ve.
2. \(Z = -3\), reject \(H_0\).
3. Chi-squared sta/s/c = 5, p-value ≈ 0.07, fail to reject \(H_0\).
4. Type I error: Incorrectly rejec/ng a true null hypothesis, Type II error: Incorrectly failing to
reject a false null hypothesis.
5. \(Z = -4\), reject \(H_0\).