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Virus Penyebab Infeksi Saluran Cerna
Virus Penyebab Infeksi Saluran Cerna
Department of Microbiology
Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin University
2024
Sasaran pembelajaran
younger than 5 years Vilaveciencio, F. et al. 2024. The Lancet Global Health.
Percentage of deaths caused by diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age
(2021)
UN IGME Child and Adolescent Causes of Death Estimation (CA CODE) project (2023).
Microbial agents of
Gastroenteritis
19 maart 2024 5
Viral agents of gastroenteritis
Virus distribution in (a) 96 virus infected patients and (b) within different age groups
Source & Transmission?
Food-borne and
Viral Gastroenteritis
Replication strategies of
plus- and minus-strand
RNA viruses
Species (most
Virus Family Size (nm) DNA/RNA Enveloped Clinical Severity
common)
EM
19 maart 2024 12
Rotavirus
• Family of sedoreoviridae
• dsRNA virus
• Has A (90% of all cases),
B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J type
• Stable in the environment
• “Endemic” worldwide
Pathogenesis of Rotavirus
infection
Genotype
Distribution of
Norovirus Outbreaks
September 1, 2016 –
August 30, 2017
(n=693)
1
CDC Data 2017
Working model for NoV
intestinal infection
animal
Production (irrigation) Foodhandler
Start of chain (farm)
Start of chain (farm) End of chain (fork)
Oral, handling
Fecal oral transmission Fecal oral transmission
animal pathogens
Human and animal pathogens Human, common,
Global, rare
Global “local” endemic pathogens
Emerging infections
Mixed infections
Enterically-transmitted
Hepatitis viruses
WHO, 2009
HEV “Endemic Countries”
Enterically-transmitted Viral Hepatitis
HAV and HEV
Properties HAV:
• Family picornavirus,
• (+)ssRNA,
• Virion 27-32 nm,
• Non-enveloped:
• heat & acid stable,
HEV
• Family Hepeviridae
• (+)ssRNA
• Virion 30-34 nm in diameter
• Non-enveloped
• Stability: heat stabile
Global Surveillance of Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
The F.D.A. investigation has traced Hepatitis A infections to frozen organic strawberries imported from
Mexico, and reported the first five cases of hepatitis A linked to them in March 2023. The strain was
genetically identical an outbreak of hepatitis A infections in 2022, which was also linked to fresh organic
strawberries imported Mexico
CDC Data 2024
Possible routes of introduction of HAV and HEV in the food chain
and sources of human infection
Hepatitis E
HCV
• Family Flaviviridae, genus Hepacivirus
• (+)ssRNA,
• Enveloped virus,
• Ether and acid sensitive,
• Oncogenic,
• Six serotypes and multiple subtype;
– Genotypes 1a & 1b are the most
common
Hepatitis B and C Pathogenesis
Viral gastroenteritis
• Viruses are the most frequent pathogens of Gastroenteritis cases
• Water is the “vehicle”
• The ”enveloped” status of the virus particle link to their transmission ability
Viral Hepatititis
• Etiology of “Acute vs Chronic”
• Food-borne vs direct transmission
• Serologic assays are the keys of early diagnostic
Thank you
Q&A: ar_sultan2002@med.unhas.ac.id