SO SÁNH NÂNG CAO

4. Cấu trúc câu kèm theo ✓

So and such, too and enough
4.1. ENOUGH (đủ)
- adj/adv + enough (for SO) + to V
- enough + N (for SO) + to V
- Adj/adv đứng trước enough; N đứng sau enough
Ex:
+ He is strong enough to lift the box.
+ He doesn’t drive carefully enough to pass the driving test.
+ She don’t have enough to buy the car.

* Các nguyên tắc cần nhớ khi nối câu dùng enough
1) Nguyên tắc 1
- Trước adj/adv có: too, so, very, quite, extremely, … Trước N có many, much, a lot of, lots of, … the
phải bỏ. Ex:
+ He is very intelligent. He can do it
 He is very intelligent to do it.
+ He has a lot of money. He can buy a car
 He has enough a lot of money to buy a car.

2) Nguyên tắc 2
- Nếu chủ từ 2 câu giống nhau thì bỏ phần for SO. Ex:
+ Tom is strong. He can list the box
 Tom is strong enough to list the box.
+ The weather is fine. Mary and her little brother can go to the park.
 The weather is fine enough for Mary and her little brother to go to the park

3) Nguyên tắc 3
- Nếu chủ từ câu đầu và túc từ câu sau là 1 thì bỏ túc từ câu sau
+ The water is quite warm. I can drink it
 The water is warm enough for me to drink it.

4.2. TOO (quá)

S + V + too + adj/adv + (for SO) to V
Ex: He is so weak. He can’t run  He is too weak to run.-
The coffe was very hot. I couldn’t drink it.  The coffe was too hot for me to drink.
*Lưu ý:
- cách nói câu với TOO cũng tuân theo 3 nguyên tắc giống với ENOUGH.
- không dùng TOO khi diễn tả 1 điều gì đó có hướng tích cực. Thay vào đó dùng very/really/extremely
 You were very/really/extremely too lucky not to get caught.

4.3. SO…THAT (quá… đến nỗi)

So + adj/adv + that + Clause (S+V)
- Cách nối câu dùng so… that:
+ Trước adj/adv có too, so, very, quite, … thì bỏ
+ Nếu có a lot of, lots of thì đổi thành much, many
+ Sau that viết lại toàn bộ mệnh đề
- Ex:
+ He ate a lot of food. He became ill.  He ate so much food that he became ill.
+ He bought a lot of books. He didn’t know where to put them.  He bought so many books that he
didn’t know where to put them.

4.4 SUCH … THAT (quá... đến nỗi)

Such + (a/an) adj + N + that +clause
- Cách nối câu dùng so… that:
+ Trước adj/adv có too, so, very, quite, … thì bỏ
+ Nếu N số nhiều hoặc không đếm được thì không dùng a/an
+ Nếu sau adj không có N thì lấy N ở đầu câu vào rồi thế đại từ vào chủ từ
+ Nếu trước N có much, many thì đổi thành a lot of, lots of
- Ex:
+ He is a very lazy boy. No one likes him.  He is such a lazy boy that no one likes him.
+ The coffee is too hot. I can’t drink it  It is such hot coffee that I can’t drink it.
+ Her voice is very soft. Everyone likes her.  She has such soft voice that everyone likes her.
+ He bought many books. He didn’t know where to put them.   He bought such a lot of books that he
didn’t know where to put them.

4.5 Các dạng bài thường gặp về TOO…TO; SO…THAT; SUCH…THAT; ENOUGH

5. So sánh bội số ✓
a) Cấu trúc 1
S + V + multiple numbers as adj/ adv as + Noun/ Pronoun
Ex:
+ He is twice as tall as his little sister.
+ The Lotte tower is three times as tall as my apartment building

b) Cấu trúc 2
S + V + multiple numbers as + much/many + Noun + as + Noun/ Pronoun

Ex:
+ My friend has twice as much money as me.
+ She has passed the exam by studying three times as hard as she did last year.
+ John has half as many apples as Jenny has.
6. So sánh kép (càng – càng) ✓

- Cấu trúc càng càng là cấu trúc so sánh kép thường gặp. Cấu trúc càng càng dùng để diễn tả sự thay đổi
(tăng dần/giảm dần) của một sự vật/sự việc kéo theo sự thay đổi của sự vật/sự việc khác.

adj/adv adj/adv
more more
The N , The N
less less
S1 + V1 S2 + V2

Ex:
+ The more exercise you do, the thinner you become.
+ The more you learn, the more you know.
+ The less food Martin eats, the more hungry he feels.

- Bên cạnh cấu trúc càng càng, trong tiếng Anh còn có cấu trúc ngày càng dùng để miêu tả một vật hay sự
việc ngày càng phát triển về chất lượng, số lượng.

(short) adj/adv-er and adj/adv-er

(long) more adj/adv and more adj/adv

Ex:
+ Martin runs faster and faster.
+ We meet more and more frequently.
+ Sara look more and more beautiful.
+ More and more tourists will come to Vietnam in 2024.
+ Jenny is learning better and better.