Handouts and Activity: included angle in the second triangle.

Theorems on triangle inequalities are categorized into two. These are the
inequalities in one triangle and inequalities in two triangles. For inequalities
in one
triangle, the following theorems apply:
1. Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (𝑆𝑠 → 𝐴𝑎)
2. Triangle Inequality Theorem 2 (𝐴𝑎 → 𝑆𝑠)
3. Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 (𝑆1 + 𝑆2 > 𝑆3)
4. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem.
On the other hand, inequalities in two triangles use either of these theorems:
1. Hinge Theorem or SAS Inequality Theorem
2. Converse of Hinge Theorem or SSS Inequality Theorem.
Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (Ss→Aa)
If one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then the angle
opposite the longer side is larger than the angle opposite the shorter side.
Triangle Inequality Theorem 2 (Aa→Ss)
If one angle of a triangle is larger than a second angle, then the side
opposite the larger angle is longer than the side opposite the smaller angle.
Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 (S1 +S2 >S3)
The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater
than the length of the third side.
Remember:
Exterior Angle – an angle that forms a linear pair with one of the interior
angles of a triangle.
Remote Interior Angle - an angle of a triangle that is not adjacent to a
specified exterior angle.
Linear Pair Theorem – if two angles form a linear pair, then the two angles
are supplementary and adjacent.
Hinge Theorem or SAS Inequality
If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of a second
triangle, and the included angle in the first triangle is greater than the
included angle in the second, then the third side of the first triangle is longer
than the third side of the second.
Converse of Hinge Theorem or SSS Inequality Theorem
If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of a second
triangle, and the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of
the second, then the included angle in the first triangle is larger than the
Activating Prior Knowledge!
I. Directions: Identify the postulate or property defined in each of the
following
statements. Choose your answer from the given options A to F.
Write only the letter of the correct answer in a separate sheet of
paper.
A. Angle Addition Postulate
B. Segment Addition Postulate
C. Addition Property of Equality
D. Reflexive Property of Equality
E. Transitive Property of Equality
F. Substitution Property of Equality
1. For all real numbers 𝑝, 𝑞 and 𝑟, if 𝑝 = 𝑞 and 𝑞 = 𝑟, then 𝑝 = 𝑟.
2. If point 𝑆 lies in the interior of ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅, then 𝑚∠𝑃𝑄𝑆 + 𝑚∠𝑆𝑄𝑅 = 𝑚∠𝑃𝑄𝑅
3. If points 𝑃, 𝑄 ad 𝑅 are collinear (𝑃 − 𝑄 − 𝑅) and 𝑄 is between points 𝑃 and 𝑅,
then |𝑃𝑄| + |𝑄𝑅| = |𝑃𝑅|
4. For all real numbers 𝑝 and 𝑞, if 𝑝 = 𝑞, then 𝑞 can be used to substitute 𝑝 in
any expression.
5. For all real numbers p, q and r if 𝑝 = 𝑞, then 𝑝 + 𝑟 = 𝑞 + 𝑟.
Parallel Postulates: If there is a line and a point not on the line, then there is
exactly one line through the point that is parallel to the given line.
s ∥ m is read as “line 𝒔 is parallel to line 𝒎.” In geometry, the term parallel is
denoted by ∥ which means “is parallel to”. Also, an arrow is used in diagrams to
indicate that lines are parallel. Moreover, the term parallel is used for lines, segments,
rays, and planes.
Going back to the situation about the zip line, the two posts where the cable
is
connected, represented by line 𝒄 and line 𝒅, are the two parallel lines (𝒄 ∥ 𝒅),
and the
cable which is represented by line 𝑨𝑴 is called the transversal. The
imaginary line
𝑭𝑬 that is drawn with the ground is also considered transversal line since it
cuts the
two posts at distinct points.
A transversal is a line that intersects two or more coplanar lines at two or more
distinct points.
Definition: Alternate Interior Angles – are two nonadjacent interior angles Alternate Pair of Congruent Equal angles:
on opposite sides of the transversal. Exterior Angles: angles: 𝑚∠𝑧 = 𝑚∠𝑟
Parallel-Alternate Interior Angle Postulate
Angles ∠𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑟 ∠𝑧 ≅ ∠𝑟 𝑚∠𝑥 = 𝑚∠𝑠
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then any pair of alternate interior ∠𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠? ∠𝑥 ≅ ∠𝑠
angles are congruent. Corresponding Pair of Congruent Equal angles:
Angles Angles: angles: 𝑚∠𝑧 = 𝑚∠𝑀
Definition: Alternate Exterior Angles – are two nonadjacent exterior angles ∠𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑀 ∠𝑧 ≅ ∠𝑀 𝑚∠𝐴 = 𝑚∠𝑠
on opposite sides of a transversal. ∠𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑠 ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑠 𝑚∠𝑥 = 𝑚∠𝑞
Parallel ∠𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑞 ∠𝑥 ≅ ∠𝑞 𝑚∠𝑦 = 𝑚∠?
-Alternate Exterior Angle Theorem ∠𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑟 ∠𝑦 ≅ ∠?
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then any pair of alternate exterior Vertical Pair of Congruent Equal angles:
angles are congruent. Angles Angles: angles: 𝑚∠𝑥 = 𝑚∠𝐴
∠𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐴 ∠𝑥 ≅ ∠𝐴 𝑚∠𝑧 = 𝑚∠𝑦
Definition: Corresponding Angles – are two nonadjacent angles, one
interior, ∠𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑦 ∠𝑧 ≅ ∠𝑦 𝑚∠𝑞 = 𝑚∠𝑠
and one exterior on the same side of the transversal. ∠𝑞 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑠 ∠𝑞 ≅ ∠𝑠 𝑚∠𝑀 = 𝑚∠𝑟
∠𝑀 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑟 ∠𝑀 ≅ ∠?
Parallel-Corresponding Angles Theorem Interior Pair of Supplementary angles:
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the corresponding angles are Angles on the Angles: 𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝑀 = 180°
congruent. Same Side of ∠𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑀 𝑚∠𝑦 + 𝑚∠𝑞 = 180°
Definition: Vertical Angles – Two angles are vertical angles if and only if the ∠𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑞 𝑚∠𝐹 + 𝑚∠𝐸 = 180°
they Transversal ∠𝐹 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠?
are nonadjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines. Exterior Pair of Supplementary angles:
Angles on the Angles: 𝑚∠𝑧 + 𝑚∠𝑠 = 180°
Definition: Vertical Angles – Two angles are vertical angles if and only if
Same Side of ∠𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑠 𝑚∠𝑥 + 𝑚∠𝑟 = 180°
they
are nonadjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines.
the ∠𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠?
Transversal
Parallel-Interior Angle-Same Side Theorem
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the interior angles on the same
side of the transversal are supplementary.

Parallel-Exterior Angle-Same Side Theorem

If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the exterior angles on the
same side of the transversal are supplementary.

Angles Properties, Postulate, Theorems

Formed
Alternate Pair of Congruent Equal angles:
Interior Angles: angles: 𝑚∠𝐴 = 𝑚∠𝑞
Angles ∠𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑞 ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑞 𝑚∠𝑦 = 𝑚∠?
∠𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠? ∠𝑦 ≅ ∠𝑀
Postulate and Theorems
Alternate Interior Angle-Parallel Postulate If two lines are cut by a
transversal and a pair of alternate interior angles are congruent, then the
Alternate Exterior Angles-Parallel Theorem If two lines are cut by a
transversal and a pair of alternate exterior angles are congruent, then the
lines are parallel. lines are parallel.
Corresponding Angles-Parallel Theorem If two lines are cut by a
transversal and a pair of corresponding angles are congruent, then the
lines are parallel.
Interior Angles Same Side-Parallel Theorem If two lines are cut by a
transversal so that the interior angles on the same side of the transversal
are supplementary, then the lines are parallel.
Perpendicular Same Line-Parallel Theorem In a plane, if two lines are
perpendicular to the same line, then they are parallel to each other.
Here are two other theorems involving parallel lines. 1 2 3 𝑑 𝑐 𝑡 1 3 2
𝑏𝑎𝑡
The Three Parallel Lines Theorem In a plane, if two lines are both
parallel to a third line, then they are parallel.
Definition A perpendicular bisector of a line segment is a line or a ray or
another line segment that is perpendicular to the line segment and
intersects it at its midpoint.
Theorem 2 If the angles in a linear pair are congruent, then the lines
containing their sides are perpendicular.
Definition A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides. The symbol ▭ is
used to indicate a quadrilateral. For example, ▭PEAL, this is read as
“Quadrilateral PEAL.”
Quadrilaterals are classified according to the number of pairs of
parallel sides.
1. Parallelogram – is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides. It
is further classified as:
a. Rhomboid – is a parallelogram with no right angle and any two
consecutive sides are not congruent.
b. Rectangle – is a parallelogram with four right angles.
c. Rhombus – is a parallelogram with four congruent sides. 
d. Square – is a rectangle with four congruent sides. It is both a
rectangle and a rhombus because it satisfies the definition of a
rectangle and a rhombus.
2. Trapezoid – is a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides.
If the non-parallel sides, called legs, are congruent, then the trapezoid
is isosceles.
3. Trapezium – is a quadrilateral with no pair of parallel sides. Given
the definitions, we can now deduce the following properties.
Points to Remember A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if:
 A pair of opposite sides are both parallel and congruent.
 Two pairs of opposite sides are congruent.
 Consecutive angles are supplementary.
 The diagonals bisect each other.
 Opposite angles are congruent.
Directions: Tell whether each statement is true or false by checking
the box that corresponds to your answer. If false, change the
underlined word/s to make the statement true.
1. Parallel lines are coplanar lines that do not intersect.
2. Two intersecting are always perpendicular.
3. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal and a pair of alternate
interior angles are supplementary, then the transversal is
perpendicular to the two parallel lines.
4. Line 1 is a transversal if it intersects two coplanar lines and 3 at the
same point/s.
5. If two lines are cut by a transversal and a pair of alternate interior
angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel.
6. If a transversal is perpendicular to two parallel lines, then the
interior angles on the same side of the transversal are congruent.
7. If a line is the perpendicular bisector of a line segment, then the
line intersects the segment at any point.
8. If the angles in a linear pair are congruent, then the lines
containing their sides are perpendicular.
9. If two coplanar lines are perpendicular to a third line, then the two
coplanar lines are perpendicular to each other.
10. Given a line and a point not on the line, there is exactly one line
through the point parallel to the given line.