Essentialism on curriculum

Essentialism is a traditional educational philosophy that emphasizes the teaching of

foundational knowledge and skills that are deemed essential for individuals to function
effectively in society. This approach to curriculum design is characterized by a strong
focus on core subjects and disciplined study. Here are some key views and features of
essentialism regarding curriculum:

 Core Knowledge and Skills: Essentialism promotes a curriculum centered around

core academic subjects such as reading, writing, mathematics, natural science,
history, and foreign languages. The belief is that these subjects provide the
intellectual discipline required to develop rational thought and prepare students
for future challenges.
 Teacher-Centered Instruction: In essentialism, the teacher is considered the
central authority in the classroom. The teacher imparts knowledge through direct
instruction methods, and students are expected to absorb this knowledge. This
contrasts with student-centered models like progressivism, where students'
interests and experiences play a larger role in shaping the learning process.
 Moral and Character Education: Essentialism often includes a focus on character
development, advocating for the teaching of moral values and virtues. This can
include lessons on honesty, respect, responsibility, and hard work, which are
seen as essential for the personal development of students and for maintaining
societal stability.
 Back-to-Basics Approach: Essentialism stresses a "back-to-basics" approach,
where emphasis is placed on traditional educational practices and proven
methods of teaching. This often includes rote memorization, repetitive practice,
and standardized testing, which are used to ensure that students achieve a
minimum level of proficiency in core subjects.
 Academic Rigor and Discipline: The curriculum under essentialism is structured,
rigorous, and demanding. High expectations are set for student achievement,
and discipline is enforced to maintain an environment conducive to learning. This
approach is often contrasted with more flexible or creative educational models.
 Preparation for Adult Life: Essentialism aims to prepare students for their roles in
adult society, equipping them with the knowledge and skills necessary to be
productive and responsible citizens. This includes preparation for the workforce
and for informed participation in civic life.
 Cultural Literacy: Essentialism promotes cultural literacy, arguing that there is a
body of common knowledge that every educated person should know in order to
be considered culturally literate. This can include classic works of literature,
fundamental historical events, and basic scientific principles.
 o Example: A typical essentialist curriculum might feature a high school
schedule packed with courses in classical literature, algebra, a foreign
language like Spanish or French, U.S. history, biology, and perhaps a
class dedicated to civics or ethics.

Essentialism remains influential in many educational systems, particularly where there

is a concern about educational standards and the perceived erosion of rigorous
academic training. It continues to be a guiding philosophy in many schools, shaping
curriculum decisions and teaching methodologies.