Archi Module 4 Electric Current Finall 1

General Physics 2
General Physics 2
Prepared by
Ella Mae Kate Goopio

Nairah M. Macarimbang
Geneel Jan Manzanares
1
General Physics 2
“Picture Prompt”
1
General Physics 2
GEFORIRARETR 1
General Physics 2
REFRIGERATOR 1
General Physics 2
ICERELRT ANF 1
General Physics 2
ELECTRIC FAN 1
General Physics 2
NEOLETISIV 1
General Physics 2
TELEVISION 1
General Physics 2
ERCI OKOECR 1
General Physics 2
RICE COOKER 1
General Physics 2
Eifl utohiwt ycelertiit. 7

General Physics 2
Life without electricity. 8
https://alexyvergara.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/typhoon-glenda-brownout.jpg
General Physics 2
Electricity
The science behind electricity

9
General Physics 2
Module 4: Electric Current, Resistance and

Ohm’s Law
• Current, resistivity, and resistance
• Ohm’s law
• Energy and power in electric circuits
• Electrical safety
5
General Physics 2
Electric Current, Resistivity
and Resistance

and Resistance
10
General Physics 2
Learning Objectives:
1. Discuss the electric current, resistivity and resistance

2. Distinguish conventional current and electron flow
3. Calculate the electric current and resistivity
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General Physics 2
and Resistance
SIMPLE CIRCUIT
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General Physics 2
and Resistance
SIMPLE CIRCUIT
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General Physics 2
and Resistance
The SI unit for current
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General Physics 2
and Resistance
Electric Current is the flow of electrons through a path.

Electron – the moving charges.
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General Physics 2
and Resistance
Electric Current Physical Quantity Symbol Unit
Current [A]
It is represented by capital (𝐼) and I (Ampere)
mathematically expressed as;
Charge
Q [c]
(Coulomb)
Time t [s]
1 C (second)
1𝐴 =
[𝑠] 𝑄𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 = −1.602 𝑥10 −19
c
Current is directly proportional to charges,
and it is inversely proportional to time in seconds.
General Physics 2
and Resistance
Calculating the current

A charge of 150 coulombs flows through a conductor in a time
period of 30ത seconds. Calculate the electric current.
G: U: E: S:
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General Physics 2
and Resistance
Calculating the current

A charge of 150 coulombs flows through a conductor in a time
period of 30 seconds. Calculate the electric current.
G: U: E: S:
𝑄 = 150𝐶
𝑇 = 30𝑠 𝐼 =? I=?
I=?
= 5.0 A
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General Physics 2
and Resistance
Current Flow
+ to - - to +
16
General Physics 2
and Resistance
Conventional Flow vs. Electron Flow
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General Physics 2
and Resistance
Conventional Flow vs. Electron Flow

Conventional Current Flow: Electron Current Flow:
• From the (+) terminal of a voltage

• From the (-) terminal of a voltage
source to the (-) terminal.
source to the (+) terminal.
• It represent the movement of
• It represent the actual movement
positive charge carriers (even
of electrons.
though, in reality, electrons are
negatively charged and move in
the opposite direction).
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General Physics 2
and Resistance
SIMPLE CIRCUIT
10
Electron Current Flow
General Physics 2
and Resistance
Resistance -a measure of how difficult current to pass through

wire.
It is mathematically
expressed as; Physical Quantity O Symbol Unit
Resistance
R [Ω]
(Ohm)
Resistivity [Ω·m]
(ohm meter)
Length L [m]
(meter)
2
A= π · D² / 4 [m ]
Area A (meter squared) 17
General Physics 2
and Resistance
Resistivity values for various conducting materials are typically listed below:
General Physics 2
and Resistance
Calculating the Resistance

What is the resistance of an aluminum wire that is 10 𝑚 long and
−8
has a diameter of 3.0 𝑚𝑚 if the resistivity is 2.65𝑥10 Ω ∙ 𝑚?
G: U: E: S:
19
General Physics 2
and Resistance
Calculating the Resistance

What is the resistance of an aluminum wire that is 10𝑚 long and
−8
has a diameter of 3.0 𝑚𝑚 if the resistivity is 2.65 × 10 Ω ∙ 𝑚?
G: U: E: S: S:
𝑅 =?
R=?
𝑅 = 3.8 𝑥 10−2 Ω
General Physics 2
and Resistance
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General Physics 2
and Resistance
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General Physics 2
and Resistance
Practice Problem
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General Physics 2
and Resistance
Problem 1
A current of 𝟓. 𝟎 𝑨 flows through a resistor for 𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒏 . How
many electrons flow during the time given?
G: U: E: S:
24
General Physics 2
and Resistance
Problem 2
A copper wire has a length of 𝟓. 𝟎 𝒎 and a cross-sectional area
𝟐
of 𝟑 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟔 𝒎 . Calculate the resistance of the copper wire.
G: U: E: S:
24
General Physics 2
and Resistance
Seatwork
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General Physics 2
and Resistance
A. Solve and complete the given table.

Show your solution.
No. Charge Current Time
1. 60 𝑐 3𝑠
2. 2𝐴 2 𝑚𝑖𝑛
3. 150 𝑐 10 𝐴
4. 0.15 𝑐 3𝑠
5. 0.50 𝐴 25 𝑠
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General Physics 2
and Resistance
B. Solve the following problems relative to the

resistance.
1. Calculate the resistivity of a material that has a length of
−𝟖 𝟐
𝟏𝟓 𝒎 and a cross-sectional area of 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎 𝒎 and a
resistance (R) of 𝟓 𝛀.
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General Physics 2

Ohm’s Law
• Ohm’s law
5
General Physics 2 Ohms Law
Ohm’s Law
34
“Ohms Law
HINT: Voltage, Current, Resistance
35
“Ohms Law
HINT: Voltage, Current, Resistance
36
General Physics 2
Ohms Law
37
- It explains relationship between voltage, current, and

Ohm’s Law resistance.
This law was developed by the German physicist named Georg Simon Ohm.
Physical Quantity Symbol Unit
V=I.R Voltage
V [v]
Current
I [A]
Resistance R [Ω]
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V=I.R
Volatge (v) = Current(I)X Resistance(R)
Current(I) = Voltage (v)/ Resistance(R)
Resistance(R) = Voltage(v)/Current(I)
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Ohmic vs. Non-Ohmic

Ohmic materials Non-Ohmic materials
• Follow Ohm's Law (V=I⋅R). • Do not strictly follow Ohm's Law
• linear relationship between (V=I⋅R).
voltage and current. • non-linear relationship between
voltage and current.
Most metals, copper,
aluminum. Semiconductors, diodes, thermistors.
44
Ohmic vs. Non-Ohmic
44
46
47
Practice Problem
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Problem 1
A circuit contains a resistor with a resistance of 50 ohms. If a
voltage of 20 volts is applied across the resistor, calculate the
current flowing through the circuit.
G: U: E: S:
48
Problem 1
A circuit contains a resistor with a resistance of 50 ohms. If a
voltage of 20 volts is applied across the resistor, calculate the
current flowing through the circuit.
G: U: E: S:
R = 50ohms I=? V
I=I.R
V = 20v R
49
General Physics 2

Ohm’s Law
• Ohm’s law
50
General Physics 2
Let’s review!
FIND the LIE
31
General Physics 2
We discussed….
• Ohm’s Law
33
General Physics 2
DECODE ME
31
General Physics 2 Energy and power in electric
circuits
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the driving force that pushes electric charges around a
circuit.
53
circuits
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE
the driving force that pushes electric charges around a
circuit.
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circuits
:/:=35&= =&=;&34
provide a pathway for the flow of electric current, enabling the operation of
various electrical devices and components.
53
circuits
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
provide a pathway for the flow of electric current, enabling the operation of
various electrical devices and components.
53
circuits
7 8< : 5
A rate at which work is done or energy is
transferred
53
circuits
POWER
A rate at which work is done or energy is
transferred
53
circuits
Hints:
Energy ,Power ,Electromotive force ,Circuits
53
circuits
Electromotive Force
power
circuits
energy
Hints:
Energy ,Power ,Electromotive force ,Circuits
53
circuits
51
circuits
53
circuits
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE SYMBOL OF ELECTOMOTIVE

FORCE
EMF is denoted by (E) and it is
also denoted by the symbol ε.
is the energy transfer to an electric UNIT OF ELECTROMOTIVE
circuit per unit of electric charge. It FORCE
represents the work done by a source
EMF = energy gained (W) / unit
in driving a unit charge around a
charge (Q)
complete circuit.
= Joules / Coulombs = Volt
52
circuits
FORMULA FOR ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE
EMF (ε) = voltage of the cell + (current across the circuit x internal
resistance of the cell)
𝜺 = 𝑽 + 𝑰𝒓
Where:
V = the voltage of the cell
I = the current across the circuit
r = the internal resistance of the cell
ε = the electromotive force
52
circuits
SOURCES OF
ELECTROMOTIVE
FORCE (EMF)
BATTERY
53
circuits
SOURCES OF
ELECTROMOTIVE
FORCE (EMF)
KIBAWE 10.5MW SOLAR POWERED

POWER PLANT
53
circuits
SOURCES OF
ELECTROMOTIVE
FORCE (EMF)
PULANGI IV HYDROELECTRIC
PLANT
53
General Physics 2 Energy and power in electric circuits
COMPLETE CIRCUIT
-is a conducting loop that

provides a continuous current
carrying path.
-carrying a steady current
must contain a source of
electromotive force (emf).
53
circuits
The potential difference is equal to

the electromotive force:
Vab = ε = Ir
( source with internal resistance)
Vab = ε
An ideal source of EMF maintains a constant potential difference, independent of
current through the device, but every real source of EMF has some internal resistance r.
The terminal voltage Vab then depends on current.
53
circuits
Take note that the current

is equal to the source emf
divided by the total circuit
resistance (from the
resistor and the real
source).
53
circuits
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE VS. POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
53
circuits
53
circuits
CIRCUITS IN DIAGRAMS
53
General Physics 2

Ohm’s Law
• Ohm’s law
50
circuits
Energy and Power in

electric circuits
51
circuits
Electric Energy
• The amount of the work done to force the
current to flow through an electric circuit.
• It is measured in Joule [J].
• It associated with other form of energy.
Electric Power
• The rate at which electric energy is used,
transferred, dissipated or consumed
instantaneously.
• It is measured in Joule/sec or Watt
53
circuits
ENERGY AND POWER IN A CIRCUITS
POWER ENERGY
Three expressions for electric power: Three expressions for electric Energy:
Where; Where;
P = Power in watts [W] P = Power in watts [W]
I = Current in Amperes [A] t = Time in seconds [s]
V = Voltage in Volts [v] I = Current in Amperes [A]
R = Resistance [𝛺] V = Voltage in Volts [v]
R = Resistance [𝛺]
Calculating Power and Energy

A television operates with a power consumption. The television is
used for a certain number of hours each day.
A. If the television has a current of 2.0 A and operates at a

voltage of 120 V, calculate the power consumption.
B. The television is used for 6.0 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 each day. Calculate the
total energy consumed by the television.
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General Physics 2
and Resistance
Calculating Power and Energy

A television operates with a power consumption. The television is used for
a certain number of hours each day.
A. If the television has a current of 2.0 A and operates at a voltage of
120 V, calculate the power consumption.
B. The television is used for 6.0 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 each day. Calculate the total
energy consumed by the television.
S:
U: E:
G: 𝐴. ) 𝑃 = (2.0 𝐴)(120𝑉) = 𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝑾
I= 𝟐. 𝟎 𝑨 A) 𝐵. ) 𝐸 = (240𝑊)(360𝑠) = 86,400
A) P=?
𝑽 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝒗
B) E = ?
𝑻 = 𝟔. 𝟎𝒉𝒓 = 𝟖. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝑱 14
b)
circuits
Power Influenced by the EMF
REAL RESISTOR
𝜺= 𝑰 𝑹+𝒓
𝜀= EMF
r= internal resistor
R= Resistor
IDEAL RESISTOR
51
circuits
EMF Equation
𝜺=𝑰 𝑹+𝒓
𝜀 = 𝐼𝑅 + 𝐼𝑟 Power Input
𝜀 = 𝑉𝑎𝑏 + 𝐼𝑟
Power Influence by the EMF

Power output
𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 𝜀 − 𝐼𝑟
𝐼𝑉𝑎𝑏 = I(𝜀 − 𝐼𝑟)
2
𝑃 = 𝐼𝜀 - 𝐼 𝑟
circuits
Power input - electrical power supplied to a circuit. It represents the rate
at which energy is provided to the circuit from an internal source, such as a
power supply.
53
circuits
Power output- the electrical power delivered by the circuit. It
represents the rate at which the circuit delivers energy to external
devices, such as motors, lights, or any other electrical loads.
53
circuits
ENERGY AND POWER IN A CIRCUITS
Power
Energy
Power input
Power output
Let’s Play
“Keep or Give”
23
General Physics 2
Consider that you have a circuit with a potential difference of 𝟑. 𝟐 𝑽, with a

current of 𝟎. 𝟔 𝑨. The internal resistance of the battery at 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒐𝒉𝒎𝒔. Use
EMF Formula.
Given Solution
: :
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General Physics 2
Consider that you have a circuit with a potential difference of 3.2 V, with a
current of 0.6 A. The internal resistance of the battery at 0.5 ohms.
Use EMF Formula.
Given: Solution:
By using the formula: ε = V + Ir
𝑉 = 3.2 𝑉
𝐼 = 0.6 𝐴 𝜀 = 3.2 + 0.6 𝑋 0.5
𝑟 = 0.5 𝑜ℎ𝑚 = 3.2 𝑉 + 0.3 𝑉
= 3.5 𝑉
the EMF of the circuit is 3.5 V.
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General Physics 2
and Resistance
Seatwork
26
General Physics 2 Energy and Power in a Circuits
A D cell of emf 1.5 V and internal resistance of 0.3 Ω is connected to a flashlight which
resistance is 3.0 Ω Find the current in the circuit and the terminal voltage of the cell.
23
A D cell of emf 1.5 V and internal resistance of 0.3 Ω is connected to a flashlight which
resistance is 3.0 Ω Find the current in the circuit and the terminal voltage of the cell.
23
What is the rate of energy conversion and dissipation in the battery, net power output if
the battery has an emf of 12 𝑉, a current of 2 𝐴, resistance of 4 Ω and internal resistance
of 2 Ω?
23
What is the rate of energy conversion and dissipation in the battery, net power output if
the battery has an emf of 12 𝑉, a current of 2 𝐴, resistance of 4 Ω and internal resistance
of 2 Ω?
23
General Physics 2

Ohm’s Law
• Ohm’s law
50
General Physics 2
and Resistance
Electrical safety
10
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
practices and precautions taken to

prevent accidents and injuries
caused by electricity.
52
General Physics 2 Electric Current, Resistivity
and Resistance
SAFETY SIGNS for ELECTRICALS
10
FUSE
an electrical safety device that

operates to provide overcurrent
protection of an electrical
circuit.
52
FUSE
52
CIRCUIT BREAKER
an electrical safety device

designed to protect an electrical
circuit from damage caused by
overcurrent.
52
General Physics 2
Energy and power in electric circuits
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habang naglalaba.
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52
General Physics 2
Energy and power in electric circuits
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=285466434564171&
id=100093024494930&set=a.111191918658291&locale=tr_TR
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EFFECT OF CURRENT IN OUR BODY
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY TIPS
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circuits
ELECTRICAL SAFETY TIPS
52
General Physics 2
SUMMATIVE TEST
23

Archi Module 4 Electric Current Finall 1

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General Physics 2

Ella Mae Kate Goopio

Eifl utohiwt ycelertiit. 7

Life without electricity. 8

The science behind electricity

Module 4: Electric Current, Resistance and

Electric Current, Resistivity

1. Discuss the electric current, resistivity and resistance

The SI unit for current

Electric Current is the flow of electrons through a path.

Electric Current Physical Quantity Symbol Unit

Calculating the current

Calculating the current

Conventional Flow vs. Electron Flow

Conventional Flow vs. Electron Flow

• From the (+) terminal of a voltage

Resistance -a measure of how difficult current to pass through

Calculating the Resistance

Calculating the Resistance

A. Solve and complete the given table.

B. Solve the following problems relative to the

Module 4: Electric Current, Resistance and

HINT: Voltage, Current, Resistance

HINT: Voltage, Current, Resistance

- It explains relationship between voltage, current, and

Physical Quantity Symbol Unit

Volatge (v) = Current(I)X Resistance(R)

Current(I) = Voltage (v)/ Resistance(R)

Ohmic vs. Non-Ohmic

Ohmic vs. Non-Ohmic

Module 4: Electric Current, Resistance and

ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE SYMBOL OF ELECTOMOTIVE

KIBAWE 10.5MW SOLAR POWERED

-is a conducting loop that

The potential difference is equal to

Take note that the current

ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE VS. POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE

Module 4: Electric Current, Resistance and

Energy and Power in

Calculating Power and Energy

A. If the television has a current of 2.0 A and operates at a

Calculating Power and Energy

Power Influence by the EMF

Consider that you have a circuit with a potential difference of 𝟑. 𝟐 𝑽, with a

Module 4: Electric Current, Resistance and

practices and precautions taken to

SAFETY SIGNS for ELECTRICALS

an electrical safety device that

an electrical safety device

EFFECT OF CURRENT IN OUR BODY

ELECTRICAL SAFETY TIPS

ELECTRICAL SAFETY TIPS

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