Solar Eclipses 2020 The Definitive Photography Guide

Solar Eclipses 2020: The
Definitive Photography
Guide
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”There you are, outdoors, wearing some goofy special eclipse glasses to protect your eyes.
You don’t look very classy but, you know, the least you want to hear once you get back home
is your Mom all pissed off yelling at you ”I told yaaaa!”.
Everything is in place. The tripod, the camera and the lens are perfectly aligned, anxiously
waiting for the Moon to completely cover the Sun... for the show to begin.
Only the show is not how you imagined it would be...”
Suddenly, I noticed how the skin on Daniel López’s right arm was filled with bumps. ”Are
these goosebumps?” I asked myself.
The eyes of the astronomer stopped staring at me and got lost into his memories. Daniel
wasn’t with me anymore in that crowded assembly hall... He had been teleported to God
knows where.
He continued speaking...
6
”It’s hard to explain what you feel. The day becomes night without a warning. The Sun and
the Moon merge into a black hole wrapped up in a crown of light and fire. Stars and planets
flood the sky... Only the whispers of people surrounding you can break the spell.
I don’t know. I’ve never lived anything like this. People become crazy, they do weird stuff...
You are going to flip out.
Man, listen to me, as a friend and an astronomer, I know what I say. If you happen to be in the
States this summer, you can’t miss the August 21 total solar eclipse.”
I had no plans to miss it... Neither I nor the rest of the PhotoPills team.
We had just added to PhotoPills a tool to plan that eclipse precisely (since then it has now
been updated with the best upcoming solar and lunar eclipses)...
We weren’t going to miss it, no matter what!
This guide is the result of that trip. Here, I’ll give you everything you need to capture any
solar eclipse photo you imagine.
Everything!
From photo examples to inspire you, a calendar of the best solar eclipses and how to use
PhotoPills to plan them to the equipment you need and how to photograph a solar eclipse
step by step.
There are many eclipses to come!
Are you ready?
It’s going to be fun...
”Creativity is intelligence having fun.” – Albert Einstein
Note: If you are interested in lunar eclipses, do not miss our guide to the best Moon
eclipses ;)
7
Content
1 Solar eclipse calendar 9
2 Understanding the different types of solar eclipses and their phases 19
3 The solar eclipse photos that you should capture before you die 30
4 Where to go (finding the perfect location) 44
5 How to plan your solar eclipse pictures 49
6 All the gear you need to shoot a solar eclipse 63
7 7 general tips for photographing a solar eclipse 74
8 How to shoot a solar eclipse step by step 83
9 Don’t forget to use special eye protection! 108
10 The 11 mistakes you should avoid when shooting a solar eclipse 115
11 Imagine. Plan. Shoot! 121

Section 1:
Solar eclipse calendar
Solar Eclipses 2020: The Definitive Photography Guide

”Let’s get to the point Toni. When is the next solar eclipse?”
I’m glad you asked me this question.
These are all the solar eclipses until 2030 along with their date, type, magnitude, duration
and where they are visible.
Don’t you know what the magnitude is?
Don’t worry about that now, in section 2 I’ll explain you what each of these concepts mean.
Date Type Magnitude Duration Where
2020, 21 June Annular 0.994 00m38s Africa, southeast Europe,

Asia [Annular: central
Africa, south Asia, China,
Pacific]
2020, 14 December Total 1.025 02m10s Pacific, south South

America, Antarctica
[Total: south Pacific,
Chile, Argentina, south
Atlantic]
2021, 10 June Annular 0.943 03m51s North North America,

Europe, Asia [Annular:
north Canada, Green-
land, Russia]
2021, 4 December Total 1.037 01m54s Antarctica, South Africa,

south Atlantic [Total:
Antarctica]
2022, 30 April Partial 0.64 – Southeast Pacific, south

South America
2022, 25 October Partial 0.862 – Europe, northeast Africa,

Middle East, west Asia
Continued on next page
Solar eclipse calendar 10

Table 1 – continued from previous page
2023, 20 April Hybrid 1.013 01m16s Southeast Asia, East In-

dies, Australia, Philip-
pines. New Zealand
[Hybrid: Indonesia,
Australia, Papua New
Guinea]
2023, 14 October Annular 0.952 05m17s North America, Central

America, South America
[Annular: west USA, Cen-
tral America, Colombia,
Brazil]
2024, 8 April Total 1.057 04m28s North America, Central

America [Total: Mex-
ico, central USA, east
Canada]
2024, 2 October Annular 0.933 07m25s Pacific, south South

America [Annular: south
Chile, south Argentina]
2025, 29 March Partial 0.938 – Northeast Africa, Eu-

rope, north Russia
2025, 21 September Partial 0.855 – South Pacific, New

Zealand, Antarctica
2026, 17 February Annular 0.963 02m20s South Argentina and

Chile, south Africa,
Antarctica [Annular:
Antarctica]
2026, 12 August Total 1.039 02m18s North North America,

west Africa, Europe [To-
tal: Arctic, Greenland,
Iceland, Spain]

2027, 6 February Annular 0.928 07m51s South America, Antarc-

tica, west and south
Africa [Annular: Chile,
Argentina, Atlantic]
2027, 2 August Total 1.079 06m23s Africa, Europe, Middle

East, west and south
Asia [Total: Morocco,
Spain, Algeria, Libya,
Egypt, Saudi Arabia,
Yemen, Somalia]
2028, 26 January Annular 0.921 10m27s East North America, Cen-

tral America and South
America, west Europe,
northeast Africa [Annu-
lar: Ecuador, Peru, Brazil,
Suriname, Spain, Portu-
gal]
2028, 22 July Total 1.056 05m10s Southeast Asia, east

India, Australia, New
Zealand [Total: Australia,
New Zealand]
2029, 14 January Partial 0.871 – North America, Central

America
2029, 12 June Partial 0.458 – Arctic, Scandinavia,

Alaska, north Asia, north
Canada
2029, 11 July Partial 0.23 – South Chile, south Ar-

gentina
2029, 5 December Partial 0.891 – South Argentina, south

Chile, Antarctica

2030, 1 June Annular 0.944 05m21s Europe, north Africa,

Middle East, Asia, Arc-
tic, Alaska [Annular: Al-
geria, Tunisia, Greece,
Turkey, Russia, north
China, Japan]
2030, 25 November Total 1.047 03m44s South Africa, south In-

dian Ocean, east India,
Australia, Antarctica
[Total: Botswana, South
Africa, Australia]
Source: NASA solar eclipse page
The table above gives you a generic view about the upcoming solar eclipses. But if you want
to photograph them (section 8)... you’ll need to go a little further and learn how to plan
them (section 5).
And if you’re one of us (you use the PhotoPills app), you’ll be happy to know that we’ve
added a full calendar of solar and lunar eclipses to PhotoPills (until 2050!). :)
But it’s not just a calendar, you can also visualize the visibility zones of the eclipse on a
map so you can easily plan it. That is, knowing where to go and when to go to be able to take
the photo you’re dreaming of. :)
So open PhotoPills, go to the Planner (Pills Menu) and click on the Map Settings button.
You’ll find it in the lower right part of the map, just next to the (+) button on the map.

PhotoPills Pills menu. Tap Planner. PhotoPills Planner - You’ll find the Map Settings
button next to the (+) button on the map. Look at the
Red Pin on the map. It’s key to planning eclipses,
since all the information provided by the Planner is
referenced to the Red Pin position.
Note: If you want to learn how to use PhotoPills as a real master, download the user guide
in pdf format.
After tapping the Map Settings button, you’ll see the Map Settings screen. In the Map layers
section, look for the Eclipse layer.
To access the eclipse calendar, simply tap the little arrow you see to the right of the Eclipse
layer.

PhotoPills Planner - Map Settings screen. Tap PhotoPills Planner - PhotoPills solar and lunar
Eclipse to see the full eclipse calendar. To see the eclipse calendar.
eclipse information on the Planner map (visibility
zones, etc.), tap the eye icon that you see to the left
of the Eclipse layer to activate it.
If you are also interested in lunar eclipses, you can read the guide of the best lunar
eclipses, but now we’re going to focus only on solar eclipses.
So tap the word Object in the header of the table to see the solar eclipses first.

PhotoPills Planner - Eclipse calendar arranged by PhotoPills Planner - Browse the calendar to discover
solar eclipses. more solar eclipses.
You can also sort the calendar by Date, eclipse Type or Red Pin.
The Red Pin column tells you, considering the position where you have placed the Red Pin in
the Planner, if you are going to see a total, annular, partial eclipse or if the eclipse won’t be
visible.
Therefore, if you place the Red Pin near your house, you can quickly find out which eclipses
are going to be visible in your area, and if you can see a total, partial or annular solar eclipse
:D
The Type column indicates the type of eclipse: total, partial, annular and hybrid.
Don’t worry if you don’t know the differences between eclipses. In section 2 I’ll explain you
all the eclipse types with great detail.
Let’s keep going...

To see the eclipse information on the Planner map:
• In the eclipse calendar, tap the eclipse you wish to plan. For example, the total solar
eclipse of July 2nd, 2019.
• On the Map Settings screen, activate the Eclipse layer. To do this, tap the eye icon to
the left of the layer.
• Finally, tap OK in the upper right corner in iOS or the arrow to go back in Android.
PhotoPills Planner - The Eclipse layer is activated. PhotoPills Planner - Areas of the planet where the
The eye icon is not crossed out or shaded. total solar eclipse of July 2nd, 2019 will be visible.
Look at the second screenshot. The visibility information of the eclipse is displayed on the
map. Thus, it’s easy to find out the areas of the planet where the eclipse won’t be visible,
where you’ll only be able to see the partial eclipse and where you’ll be able to enjoy the to-
tal eclipse.
Simply move the Red Pin over the map to get the eclipse information for that location in
Panel 9 and Panel 10. Swipe the top panels to the left to find them.

PhotoPills Planner - Panel 9. Depending on the Red PhotoPills Planner - Panel 10. It shows the time of
Pin position, it gives you information about the date the most important phases of the eclipse
of the eclipse, its type, its magnitude and its considering the Red Pin position. Tap the panel icon
duration. Tap the button on the panel to access the to jump in time to the next phase.
eclipse calendar.
The next step would be to understand the lines that you can see on the map and learn how
to plan your photos of the solar eclipse (section 5)... But don’t go so fast.
First, it’s important to have a full understanding of the different types of solar eclipses.
Keep reading!

Section 2:
Understanding the
different types of solar
eclipses and their
phases

Let’s start from the beginning...
What is a solar eclipse?

A solar eclipse happens when the Moon moves between the Sun and Earth, blocking out the
Sun’s rays and casting a shadow on parts of Earth.
The Moon is 400 times smaller than the Sun, but it is also 400 times closer. Therefore the
two celestial bodies appear nearly the same size, an extraordinary coincidence!
Why does a solar eclipse only happen during New Moon?

As you would have expected, solar eclipses happen during the New Moon. Let me explain
why.
Have you heard about an event astronomers call ”syzygy”?
No?
Understanding the different types of solar eclipses and their phases 20

This peculiar name comes from the ancient Greek word suzugos, meaning to be yoked to-
gether or conjoined. It defines the exact span of time during which the Sun, the Moon, and
the Earth are aligned in a perfect (or near perfect) straight line. This happens around New
Moon every lunar month.
Remember that the New Moon is the time when the Sun and the Moon are aligned, both on
the same side of the Earth. That is, the Earth is not between the Sun and the Moon. There-
fore, a solar eclipse occurs when the shadow of the Moon is projected onto the Earth.
However, there isn’t an eclipse every New Moon. Why is that?

A solar eclipse doesn’t happen every New Moon because of 2 reasons.
The first one is that the New Moon has to be near a lunar node.
A lunar node is one of the two points where the plane of the Moon’s orbital path around
Earth meets Earth’s orbital plane around the Sun. This plane, the Earth’s orbital plane
around the Sun, is named the ecliptic.
However, both planes (the Earth one and the Moon one) are not perfectly aligned. Actually,
the plane of the lunar orbit around the Earth is inclined about 5° with respect to the ecliptic.
Therefore, as you can see in the diagram below, both planes intersect only at two points:
the lunar nodes.

The second one is that the Sun must also be close to a lunar node in order to form a perfect
or almost perfect line with the Earth and the Moon. This alignment occurs a little less than 6
months apart, and it lasts 34.5 days more or less.
Therefore, it’s only during this time that eclipses can take place.
So, how often does a solar eclipse occur?

The easiest way to find it out is to have a look at the PhotoPills eclipse calendar. :P
Most calendar years have 2 solar eclipses, but remember that not all are total.
Up to 5 solar eclipses can occur in the same year, but this is rare. According to NASA calcu-
lations, in the past 5,000 years only about 25 years have had 5 solar eclipses. The last time
this happened was in 1935, and the next time will be in 2206!

What’s the magnitude of an eclipse?
The magnitude is a number astronomers use to define how much of the Sun is covered by
the Moon in a solar eclipse.
The magnitude represents the fraction of the solar diameter that is covered by the Moon. It
has a value between 0 and 1 inclusive, where 1 is totally eclipsed.
Sometimes, the eclipse magnitude can have a value greater than 1. This happens when the
apparent size of the Moon is larger that the diameter of the Sun.
The eclipse magnitude is frequently confused with the eclipse obscuration.
The obscuration represents how much of the solar area (not the diameter), is covered by
the Moon.
Each eclipse is defined by how much of the Sun is covered by the Moon. As I have just ex-
plained you, this measure is called magnitude and it depends on which part of the Moon’s
shadow falls on Earth.
Now, let’s see the 4 different types of solar eclipses.
The total solar eclipse

A total solar eclipse happens when the Moon completely covers the Sun. This event can
only take place when the Moon is near perigee, the point of the Moon’s orbit closest to
Earth.
But because the full shadow of the Moon (also called umbra) is not big enough to cover the
Earth completely, it only covers a portion.

This area or path is called ”the path of totality”. In other words, it’s the area from which the
total solar eclipse can be seen.
If you are in the path of totality, you’ll be able to enjoy all 5 phases of a total solar eclipse:

• Partial eclipse begins (1st contact - C1): The Moon starts to cover the Sun little by
little. The Sun looks as if the Cookie Monster has bitten it.
• Total eclipse begins (2nd contact - C2): The Sun is almost entirely covered by the
Moon. If you happen to be in the path of the Moon’s umbra (its full shadow projected
on Earth) you might see Baily’s beads and the diamond ring effect, just before totality.
• Totality and maximum eclipse (Max.): The Moon covers the Sun completely. Only the
Sun’s corona (the outer atmosphere of the Sun) is visible. Aren’t you excited? The sky
is now dark! You also experience a fall in the temperatures and notice how animals go
quiet. Again, if you happen to be in the path of the Moon’s umbra you may be able to
see Baily’s beads and the diamond ring effect, just after totality ends.
• Total eclipse ends (3rd contact - C3): The Moon starts to move away from the Sun,
allowing it to reappear.
• Partial eclipse ends (4th contact - C4): The Moon stops overlapping the Sun. The
eclipse ends at this stage in this specific location.
The time each phase happens depends on the location (latitude/longitude). But don’t panic!
You can use PhotoPills to figure it out. I’ll show you how to do it in section 5.
”OK Toni, but what can I photograph during a solar eclipse?”
You can capture a lot of pictures!
In section 3 I’ll tell you all the photos you can take during a total solar eclipse. And in sec-
tion 8 I’ll explain you how to capture them step by step. ;)
The partial solar eclipse

A partial solar eclipse occurs when the Moon partially covers the Sun and casts only its
penumbra shadow onto Earth.

The partial solar eclipse takes place through 3 main phases:
• Partial eclipse begins (C1): The Moon starts becoming visible over the Sun. The Sun
looks as if the Cookie Monster has bitten it.

• Maximum eclipse (Max.): The eclipse reaches its maximum magnitude. The Moon
covers more of the Sun’s disk than at any other instant during the eclipse.
• Partial eclipse ends (C4): The Moon stops overlapping the Sun. The eclipse ends at
this stage in this specific location.
The time at which each phase occurs depends on the location (latitude/longitude). Find it
out quickly with PhotoPills (section 5). ;)
The annular solar eclipse

An annular solar eclipse takes place when the Moon is not big enough to cover the Sun com-
pletely.
In this case, the Sun’s outer edges remain visible to form a ring of fire in the sky. An annular
eclipse of the Sun takes place when the Moon is near apogee (the point of the Moon’s orbit
farthest from Earth), and the Moon’s antumbra (its lightest shadow) falls onto the Earth.

The annular eclipse takes place through 5 main phases:
• Partial eclipse begins (1st contact - C1): The Moon starts to cover the Sun little by
little. The Sun looks as if the Cookie Monster has bitten it.
• Total eclipse begins (2nd contact - C2): The Moon starts to be inside the Sun while
creating a ring of fire around it. If you happen to be in the path of the Moon’s antumbra
(its full light shadow projected on Earth) you might see Baily’s beads and the diamond
ring effect, just before annularity.
• Totality and maximum eclipse (Max.): The Moon covers the center of the Sun com-
pletely. Before the annular eclipse finishes you may be able to see Baily’s beads and
the diamond ring effect.
• Total eclipse ends (3rd contact - C3): The Moon starts to move away from the Sun,
allowing it to reappear.
• Partial eclipse ends (4th contact - C4): The Moon stops covering the Sun. The eclipse
ends at this stage in this specific location.
The time at which each phase occurs depends on the location (latitude/longitude). You can
easily find it out with PhotoPills (section 5).
The hybrid solar eclipse (or annular-total)

Finally, a hybrid solar (or annular-total) eclipse is extremely rare. It occurs when the same
eclipse changes from an annular to a total solar eclipse (and/or vice versa) along the
eclipse’s path.

This means that there will be locations along the path of the eclipse where you can see a
total eclipse and others where you can see an annular eclipse.
Are you still there? Yes?
Great, now you know what a solar eclipse is, as well as its different types and phases.
It’s time to see some pictures, get some inspiration and let your imagination fly.
These are the eclipse photos you should take before you die...

Section 3:
The solar eclipse
photos that you
should capture before
you die

Before you can start planning (section 5) and photographing the solar eclipse (section 8),
you should know what kind of photo you want to capture.
Imagine. Plan. Shoot!
The idea always goes first. ;)
And the best way to get some inspiration and to have some ideas is to see the types of pho-
tos you can capture during a solar eclipse.
Let’s start with the first photo, one of the partial solar eclipse...
Partial eclipse (1)

The pictures of the partial eclipse are spectacular. I love the combination of the light Sun
with the black Moon.
Nikon D500 | 480mm | f/8 | 1/500s | ISO 100 | 7460K | Solar filter
The solar eclipse photos that you should capture before you die 31
Video of a total eclipse (2)
When you’re photographing a total solar eclipse from the path of totality, there are several
phenomena that you can capture.
Make sure you don’t miss them!
Take a look at this video and get inspired by all the photos we captured during the total so-
lar eclipse of August 21st, 2017. :)
This is the chronological order in which they happen.
Shadow Bands (3)
This phenomenon happens in all solar eclipses (total, partial and annular).
During a total solar eclipse, about 1 or 2 minutes before totality, you may notice eerie bands
of undulating shadows racing across the ground, along the sides of buildings or across
other light-colored surfaces.
It’s a pretty abstract effect that is very surprising.
Diamond ring (4)
About 10 to 15 seconds before and after totality, the solar corona (the outer atmosphere
of the Sun) becomes visible. As the last bits of sunlight pass through the valleys on the
Moon’s surface, and the faint corona around the Sun is just becoming visible, it looks like
a ring with glittering diamonds on it.
Nikon D500 | 500mm | f/8 | 1/125s | ISO 100 | 6450K
Baily’s beads (5)
Approximately 5 seconds before totality, get ready to see the Baily’s beads. They are an
ensemble of brilliant beads of sunlight caused by the Sun shining through valleys and de-
pressions on the Moon’s surface.
Nikon D500 | 500mm | f/8 | 1/8000s | ISO 100 | 6450K
Sun’s corona (6)
As the diamond ring fades away, you are now able to see the Sun’s corona. Can you spot the
faint rays that surround the silhouette of the Moon?
Nikon D500 | 500mm | f/8 | 1/30s | ISO 100 | 6450K
Sun’s chromosphere (7)
The chromosphere is a low layer of the Sun’s atmosphere. Just a few seconds after totality
ends, you can notice a reddish glow – it’s the chromosphere.
Nikon D500 | 500mm | f/8 | 1/1000s | ISO 100 | 6450K
These phenomena also occur when the Moon uncovers the surface of the Sun.
Take advantage of them!
Capturing detail on the Moon (8)
With the appropriate camera settings and a slight editing later on, you can get images that
show all the detail of the Moon covering the Sun. The effect is simply magnetic. :)
Corona: Nikon D500 | 500mm | f/8 | 1/8s | ISO 100 | 6450K

Earthshine: Nikon D500 | 500mm | f/8 | 2s | ISO 100 | 6450K
Annular eclipse ring of fire (9)
In annular solar eclipses, the Moon never covers the Sun completely, so you can see a ring
of fire in the sky at its peak. It’s an amazing show!
Photo by Alan Dyer/Stocktrek Images
Include the landscape with a wide angle lens (10)
When you want to include the landscape in the photo, the planning and composition are a
bit more complicated. As I’ll explain in section 4, in these cases you should find a location
with an interesting background and subject that, combined with the show happening in the
sky, produce a unique image.
Nikon D4s | 18mm | f/16 | 10s | ISO 100 | 5850K
Include the landscape with a telezoom (11)
It’s possibly one of the most difficult pictures to plan and capture. It requires scouting and
knowing the locations extremely well, having advanced planning skills and not failing dur-
ing the shooting key moment.
But don’t worry, they’re not impossible photos. In section 4 and section 5 I’ll give you ev-
erything you need to plan this type of pictures.
A great example is the photo that Ted Hesser captured during the total solar eclipse of Au-
gust 21st, 2017. He was able to capture the silhouette of a climber inside the Sun’s disk.
This photo turned him into a legend, becoming the PhotoPiller of the Year 2017, and winning
$3,000 in cash with the PhotoPills Awards!
Don’t be shy and participate!
Or get inspired by the photos of other PhotoPillers that we publish every day on our Pho-
toPills Instagram account.
Nikon D800 | 400mm | f/5.6 | 1/200s | ISO 100
Close-up and wide-angle composites of the solar
eclipse (12)
This type of images are very attractive for the spectator. And it’s another way to take ad-
vantage of the photos you’ve captured during the eclipse.
Simply take photos that you’ve taken during the eclipse and use your processing skills to
create different images.
Let’s have a look at two examples.
Multi-photo composites
Blend all phases of the eclipse in a photo of the scene (taken with a short focal length) to
tell the whole story.
Nikon D7000 | 17mm | f/8 | ISO 100 | 5000K

Solar eclipse base photo: 1.3s
Partial eclipse pictures: 1/25s | Solar filter
Layered composites
These images allow you to show in more detail the different phases of the eclipse. They are
equally spectacular.
In short, the photographic (and creative) opportunities that an eclipse offers you are huge.
You should take advantage of them all!
But for this, you’ll first need to find the perfect location...
Section 4:
Where to go (finding
the perfect location)

One of the most important tasks when planning your photo shooting of the eclipse (section
5) will be to establish the location from which you’ll take the pictures.
To help you choose the best possible location according to the photos you have imagined,
here are some factors that you should take into account.
Try to be in the centerline of the path of totality

(total eclipse)
As Daniel López, friend and astronomer told me, I tell you:
”When you are going to photograph a total solar eclipse, forget about photographing the
partial eclipse, go to the path of totality. You must photograph the eclipse in its maximum
splendor, when the Moon completely covers the Sun!”.
Within the path of totality there is a line called the centerline. This is a very thin area where
the Moon covers the Sun for the longest time.
Therefore, if you set your shooting spot there, you’ll have more time to experience and cap-
ture totality.
So use PhotoPills to find out where on the planet you can enjoy totality (section 5) and go
for it.
Find the maximum magnitude (partial eclipse)

When you’re going to photograph a partial eclipse, you should find a location that allows
you to capture the most spectacular eclipse possible. And this is usually when the eclipse
has a great magnitude (more than 0.6 if possible). That is, when the Moon covers a large
part of the Sun.
In section 5 you’ll find everything you need to plan your partial eclipse.
Find a spot with lots of space to move around

You want to look for a place that has lots of space. So you can move around.
You should take this into consideration for two reasons.
First, because if you have more room to maneuver it will be easier to plan the photo. For
example, if you want the eclipse to be in a certain position in the frame (aligned with your
Where to go (finding the perfect location) 45

subject...).
The second reason is that you may not be alone in the location. Depending on the eclipse
and where you’re going, you’re possibly going to be with a lot more people.
Considering the setup preparation and the gear you plan to use (section 6), the last thing
you want is someone (or even you!) tripping with your tripod or backpack!
Therefore, look for a wide space.
Additionally, try to avoid dusty or sandy sites. As totality approaches and temperatures
cool, the so called ”eclipse winds” can start out.
That’s something you definitely want to avoid at all costs.
Look for an interesting subject

If you decide not only to photograph the eclipse, but you want to include the landscape in
the frame, look for a location that allows you to include an interesting subject.
As I explain in the articles of the Moon, the Milky Way or even of Star Trails, the subject
plays a key role in the composition.
Would you like an example?
Let me include again here the photo that Ted Hesser captured during the total solar eclipse
of August 21st, 2017. Magnificent subject, and magnificent composition to capture a leg-
endary photograph.

Nikon D800 | 400mm | f/5.6 | 1/200s | ISO 100
The shooting distance will determine the size of the

Sun compared to the subject
If you’re planning to use a long focal length to capture a big Sun with your subject, look for
a location that allows you to shoot far away from the subject.
How far?

It depends on the size of the Sun you need compared to your subject. To calculate the
shooting distance, apply the PhotoPills Rule of 100.
The rule is very simple, multiply by 100 the diameter of the Sun you want to capture.
For example, if your subject is 10 meters tall, and you want the solar eclipse to have a di-
ameter of 10 meters (to be as big as the subject). Multiply 10 meters by 100 and you will get
that the shooting distance must be 1,000 meters.
As simple as that!
You can learn more about this topic in the following article: 7 Tips to Make the Next Super-
moon Shine in Your Photos.
Now, it’s time to get down to work and plan your photos of the solar eclipse...
Let’s plan!

Section 5:
How to plan your solar
eclipse pictures

Do you want to learn how to plan a solar eclipse? Really?
Let’s have a look at an example.
In this section, I’ll explain you step by step how I planned the total solar eclipse of August
21st, 2017 with PhotoPills.
Everything you’ll learn here will also help you plan any solar eclipse, whether it’s partial,
annular or total.
But if you don’t want to read, you can have a look at this video:
Finally, the best way to master PhotoPills is by studying the super user manual and taking
a look at these video tutorials :P
Ready?
Let’s start from the beginning!
Select the eclipse you want to plan

First, select the eclipse you want to plan. In this case, and as an example, select the solar
eclipse of August 21st, 2017.
How to plan your solar eclipse pictures 50

Go to PhotoPills, tap Planner (Pills Menu) and then tap the Map Settings button. You will see
it on the map, in the lower right corner, right next to the (+) button on the map.
Look at the Red Pin on the map. Right now it’s located on the island of Menorca, Spain (Pho-
toPills headquarters). The Red Pin is key to planning eclipses, since all the information the
Planner displays is referenced to its position.
PhotoPills Pills menu - Tap Planner. PhotoPills Planner - You’ll find the Map Settings
button next to the (+) button on the map.
After tapping the Map Settings button, you’ll see the Map Settings screen. To access the
eclipse calendar, simply tap the little arrow you see to the right of the Eclipse layer.
The calendar displays all the solar and lunar eclipses, showing:
• Date
• Object (Sun or Moon)
• Type (total, partial, annular or hybrid)

• Red Pin, if it’s visible or not from the Red Pin position. And if it’s visible, it tells you the
type of eclipse you’ll see (total, partial or annular).
Note: Tap Date, Object, Type or Red Pin at the top to sort the table according to the criteria
you prefer.
PhotoPills Planner - Map Settings. Tap Eclipse to see PhotoPills Planner - PhotoPills solar and lunar
the full calendar of eclipses. eclipse calendar. Swipe the Calendar up to see more
eclipses.
In the calendar, tap the eclipse of August 21st, 2017 to select it. Once you’ve done it, you’ll
return to the previous screen (Map Settings).
Notice that now in the Eclipse layer the eclipse of August 21st, 2017 is selected.
To see the eclipse information on the Planner map (visibility zones, etc.), click on the eye
icon that you see to the left of the Eclipse layer to activate it. Finally tap OK (upper right
corner) in iOS or the arrow to go back in Android.

PhotoPills Planner - Map Settings screen once the PhotoPills Planner - The eclipse visibility
Eclipse layer is activated. The eye icon to the left of information of August 21st, 2017 appears on the
the Eclipse layer is not crossed out. map. Even the Time Bar indicates the date of the
eclipse (the colorful bar below the map).
On the map, zoom out to get a global view of the eclipse visibility information on August
21st, 2017.
Right now, the Red Pin is still located on the island of Menorca. But to know the detailed
information of the eclipse in a specific location, you’ll have to place the Red Pin in that lo-
cation. If you don’t know how to do it, this video shows you how to move the Red Pin.
Remember that in order to place the Red Pin in a specific postal address, a point of inter-
est that you have saved or in certain coordinates (latitude, longitude) you can use the Load
button (located at the bottom, next to the Save button).
Great. You just selected the solar eclipse you want to plan!
Let’s see where you have to go and at what time. In order to do this you should understand
the information that is displayed on the map and the two top eclipse panels (Panel 9 and

Panel 10).
Where to go and when (understanding the eclipse

information on the map and top panels)
Where to go?
As I told you in section 3, if you’re going to photograph a total solar eclipse, whenever pos-
sible you should go to a location within the path of totality... from where you can see (and
photograph) the total eclipse. :)
In the following screenshots, the Red Pin is within the path of totality (the dark strip cross-
ing the United States). I have used the Load button to place the Red Pin in Salem (Oregon),
the location where the PhotoPills team went in 2017 to photograph the eclipse.
When to go?
In other words...
At what time does the eclipse start at the Red Pin position?
Swipe the top panels to the left until you find the two eclipse information panels (Panel 9
and Panel 10). They show you the times of the main phases of the eclipse (section 2), and
other essential details.
Look at the second screenshot. The top panel indicates that, considering the Red Pin posi-
tion, the eclipse of August 21st, 2017 starts at 09 05 23 am.
But as I am foresighted and I like to work without any hassle, all my gear was set up one
hour before that and ready to take action. :)

PhotoPills Planner - Red Pin in Salem (Portland), PhotoPills Planner - Panel 10 with the time and
within the path of totality, and Panel 9 with the image of the different phases of the eclipse
eclipse information (date, magnitude, type and according to the Red Pin position.
duration) according to the Red Pin position.
This is the information you will find on the map that will help you decide where to go:
• Map central dark area: It’s the path of totality (the area of total darkness). In other
words, the area where you can observe how the Moon will completely cover the Sun.
• Map blue line within the path of totality: It’s the centerline. The further away from
the centerline you are (while being in the path), the shorter amount of time the Sun will
be covered by the Moon. In other words, you will see a shorter totality duration.
• Map yellow lines: Outside the path of totality you’ll be able to see a partial eclipse.
The first yellow line on both sides of the path represents the locations where the Moon
will cover 80% of the Sun. The next yellow line represents 60% and so on. The furthest
from the path of totality, the more partial the eclipse will be.
• Map Greatest Duration Point (GD): The location where totality lasts longer, where the

phase of total eclipse lasts longer. For the August 21 eclipse, the GD is located near
Carbondale, IL where the duration of totality is 2 minutes and 41.6 seconds.
• Map Greatest Eclipse Point (GE): Don’t confuse it with the Greatest Duration Point.
The Greatest Eclipse Point is not where the total eclipse lasts longer. It is just a geo-
metric point. GE wasn’t a good name choice at all. It is actually the location where the
shadow of the Moon is nearest to the center of the Earth. Sometimes, it falls very close
to the GD point, but it’s not always the case.
In Panel 9 (above the map) you’ll find the basic information of the eclipse for the position
of the Red Pin:
• Eclipse selector button: If the Eclipse layer is active on the map, you can deactivate
it by tapping this button. Tap it again to access the eclipse calendar and select the
eclipse you wish to plan.
• Selected eclipse: In this case, the total solar eclipse of August 21st, 2017.
• Eclipse magnitude: Considering the Red Pin position, it represents the proportion of
the solar diameter that covers the Moon. Its value is usually between 0 and 1, where 1
means total eclipse. But sometimes the apparent size of the Moon may be greater than
that of the Sun. In that case, the magnitude may be greater than 1.
• Eclipse type: The type of eclipse that you can see from the Red Pin position (total, par-
tial, annular or not visible). If the Red Pin is within the path of totality, it also indicates
the duration of totality.
Finally, Panel 10 (above the map) will help you to quickly find out the exact time in which
the different phases of the eclipse happen considering the Red Pin position:
• Eclipse phase picture: Image on the left of the panel. It shows the phase of the
eclipse at all times as seen from the Red Pin position. Tap it to jump in time to the next
phase. The time will be set in the Time Bar. Review section 2 to understand the differ-
ent phases of a total solar eclipse.
• Eclipse phase time: The panel displays the times at which the eclipse phases occur.
To select the time of a phase, tap and hold the time of the phase that is displayed on
the panel. The time will be set in the Time Bar.
Perfect!
Now you know:
• How to select the eclipse you want to plan.

• Where you’ll see the total eclipse (path of totality) and where you’ll observe the partial
eclipse (area between the yellow lines).
• How to move the Red Pin to place it in the location you want to study.
• When the different phases of the eclipse happen according to the Red Pin position
(Panel 10).
The next step is to know where to frame the camera to get the shot.
Where to frame the camera to capture the total

eclipse
To fine tune the plan (shooting spot and shooting time), you need to find out where the Sun
will be during the eclipse.
In other words, you need to know the azimuth (direction) and the elevation of the Sun at
all times.
Let’s find it out quickly. Go back to PhotoPills and select the start time of the eclipse. Now
look how the Sun moves from that hour onwards.
If you do it, you’ll see the direction (azimuth) of the Sun on the map and the elevation on
one of the top panels (Panel 3). I’ll show you how to find this information in a moment.
How to set the date and time on the Planner?

You could obviously do it by changing the date and time using the time bar. But there is a
better way to do it.
Work smarter, not harder! ;)
Go to the PhotoPills’ Planner and tap the eclipse button you see on the second eclipse panel
(Panel 10). You’ll find it on the left side of the panel. It has a picture of the Sun (a yellow
circle).
Tap the eclipse image until the date is set on August 21st, 2017 and the time when the
eclipse begins (09h 05min 23s am in this example). You can also do it by tapping and hold-
ing the time of the eclipse start phase that Panel 10 displays.
Notice that the icon of the button has changed. It is now showing you the phase of the
eclipse for the selected time (at the beginning of the eclipse).

Where will the Sun be at the beginning of the eclipse?
Easy. The thin orange line that begins at the Red Pin is showing you the direction of the Sun
for the selected date and time. In this example, at the beginning of the eclipse.
Note: The blue thin line indicates the position of the Moon, so the two lines practically over-
lap during the eclipse.
If you keep tapping the eclipse picture (Panel 10), you’ll jump from phase to phase. And the
thin orange line will show you the direction of the Sun at all times seen from the position of
the Red Pin. :)
PhotoPills Planner - Tap the Sun button on Panel 10 PhotoPills Planner - Tap the Sun button on Panel 10
until the date and time of the start of the eclipse is to set the end date and time of the eclipse. On the
set. On the map the thin orange line indicates the map the thin orange line indicates the direction of
direction of the Sun at the beginning of the eclipse. the Sun at the end of the eclipse.

And the Sun’s elevation?
In order to know how high the Sun will be in the sky, swipe the top panels to the right until
you find the Sun/Moon azimuth and elevation panel (Panel 3).
According to the top panel, the Sun will have an elevation of 27.73º at the beginning of the
eclipse (09 05 23 am). And its azimuth will be exactly 101.2º. This is the angle, measured
clockwise around the observer’s horizon, between the Sun and the north. It’s represented
on the map by the thin orange line.
Now you can change the time with the Time Bar (or with the eclipse Panel 10) and see how
the elevation of the Sun changes during the eclipse (Panel 3).
PhotoPills Planner - Second eclipse panel (Panel 10) PhotoPills Planner - Sun/Moon azimuth and
at the beginning of the eclipse (09 05 23 am). elevation panel at the beginning of the eclipse
(Panel 3).
The Planner hides a surprise that makes things much much simpler... :P
The Augmented Reality!

To visualize the position of the Sun, use the PhotoPills Augmented Reality tool. To do so,
on the Planner tap the AR button (bottom) and you’ll see through your phone the exact po-
sition and path of the Sun.
Remember that what you’re seeing in the Augmented Reality view is what you’d see from
the Red Pin position on the selected date and time. You should position yourself at the Red
Pin position when using the AR view on the Planner.
PhotoPills Planner - Augmented Reality View of the PhotoPills Planner - Augmented Reality View of the
Sun position at the beginning of the total solar Sun position at the time of maximum solar eclipse
eclipse (09 05 23 am). (10 18 15 am).
And that’s it!
This is how I planned the total solar eclipse of August 21st, 2017. If you follow these simple
steps you can plan any photo of eclipse that you resolve... Well, almost all.
We have yet to cover a more advanced planning case: when your goal is to capture a huge
Sun with your subject...

Advanced planning (long distance picture with
telezoom lens)
If you want to take a long distance photo in which the eclipse has a specific size with re-
spect to your subject, as Ted Hesser did in 2017, planning becomes slightly more compli-
cated (but not too much).
Nikon D800 | 400mm | f/5.6 | 1/200s | ISO 100
To plan the photo, you should:

• Find a location with an interesting subject that allows you to take the photo from the
distance you need.
• Calculate the shooting distance with respect to the subject to get the eclipse size you
wish (applying the Rule of 100 of PhotoPills that I explained in section 4).
• Find the shooting spot and shooting time that allows you to align the eclipse with your
subject.
Are you in?
In this article I explain step by step how to do it with the Moon (with a solar eclipse it’s ex-
actly the same): 7 Tips to Make the Next Supermoon Shine in Your Photos.
Imagining is fun...
Planning is fun...
But living the moment of capturing a solar eclipse... is priceless.

Section 6:
All the gear you need
to shoot a solar
eclipse

In this section, my goal is to describe everything you need to photograph the eclipse.
Everything!
From solar filters, camera and lens to tripod, intervalometer and more...
But first, let me tell you the equipment we brought to USA in 2017 for the total solar eclipse
of August 21st.
Our equipment for the eclipse

This is the gear will bring to the US.
Solar Filters
A 77mm Solar Filter ”White light” by Thousand Oaks Optical and a Baader Solar Filter to
be used on the telephoto lens.
All the gear you need to shoot a solar eclipse 64

To shoot the eclipse sequence and video
Nikon D500 + Nikon 200-500mm f/5.6 + Gitzo 4542 systematic tripod.
Also Olympus OM-D E-M1 + Olympus Zuiko 300mm f/4 + Manfrotto aluminium tripod.
To capture the foreground and the eclipse

Nikon D4s + Nikon 70-200mm f/2.8 + Manfrotto 055 XPROB tripod. Depending on the shoot-
ing spot, we also had the 35mm f/1.4 lens.
To shoot the full path of the elipse

Nikon D7000 + Nikon 17-35 f/2.8mm + Gitzo 1241 tripod.
To shoot the making of timelapse

Panasonic Lumix GX8 + Panasonic 14-140mm f/3.5-5.6 + Benro FTA18AB0 Travel Angel tri-
pod.
And also GoPro + Gorillapod tripod.
To capture details, shadows and making of

Fuji X100 + Vanguard VEO 235AB tripod.
And a Pinhole camera. Medium format, Holga 120mm wide angle.
But this is just our gear. Let me give you a more general view of the equipment you’ll need.
First, you need a solar filter

”Do I Toni?”
Yes! And it has to be one made for this specific purpose: to photograph a solar eclipse!
Do not risk damaging your eyesight and equipment by using some cheap filter or one not
designed for looking directly into the Sun.
Your filter must also block infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) light as well which, though invis-
ible, can also damage your eyes.

What are the different types of solar filters?
There are three types of solar filters for photography:
• Aluminized Mylar®
• Metal-coated
• Black-polymer (usually hand-held)
All the filters can be:
• Circular or square.
• Mounted in a metal cell, making it very easy for you to clamp them over your lens and
adjustable to different diameters.
How are you going to see the Sun through a solar filter?
Aluminized Mylar® filters are the most expensive ones. However, they provide a white Sun
which is true to the Sun’s real color (Surprise! It’s not yellow).
Do not be deterred by their wrinkled surface. This surface tends to scatter light a little bit,
but these filters are actually very sharp! They are particularly good for highly magnified
images.
Metal-coated glass filters and black polymer filters result in a saturated yellow Sun. Any
of them will work fine, since you can always change the color of the Sun later on, in post-
processing.
Finally, metal-coated glass filters offer you a sharper picture than black polymer filters
which are more appropriate for naked eye observation and wide-angle images.
Don’t use homemade filters!

According to NASA, the following materials should never be used to view a solar eclipse:
• Photographic neutral density filters, no matter how dense they are
• Photographic polarizing filters
• Sunglasses of any kind
• Negative film (exposed or not)

• Smoked glass
• Space blankets and other forms of household Mylar, or silvery CD/DVD disks
• Medical X-ray film
• Floppy disks
You must avoid them because, while they dim visible light, they do not block infrared (IR)
and ultraviolet (UV) light that can damage your retinas.
Where can you buy your solar filter?

Most telescope stores will sell solar filters to fit a variety of lenses and telescopes.
However, if you prefer to order yours online here are a few alternatives:
• Amazon
• B&H
• Orion Telescopes
• Baader Astro Solar (Europe)
• Kendrick Astro Systems (Canada)
• Seymour Solar Filters
• Thousand Oaks Optical
The camera
Just about any camera will work to capture a solar eclipse, but some will produce better pic-
tures depending on your expectations.
Can you capture the solar eclipse with your smartphone?

Yes!
Nevertheless, since the camera on your smartphone has a wide-angle lens, don’t photo-
graph the eclipse itself. Focus on what people around you are doing while including the
eclipsing Sun in the frame.
And while you are taking photos here and there, don’t forget to wear eclipse glasses. Grab a
second pair to use one of the glasses’ filters in front of your smartphone’s camera as well!

Point-and-shoot cameras
In general, point-and-shoot type cameras all have an average image quality and are good
value for money. Unfortunately, because of their limited zoom range, it’ll be hard to capture
a large Sun disk in the photo.
When shooting, use the LCD of your camera, put a solar sheet in front of the lens and wear
the special eclipse glasses. Safety first!
These cameras have lenses that fully retract into the body of the camera when they fall
asleep or when you turn them off. The problem here is that you won’t be able to mount a
solar filter. Without the solar filter, both the camera sensor and focusing system will be
burnt by the Sun as soon as you shoot your first picture.
And please, don’t try to tape or attach in any fancy manner some sort of filter to these type
cameras. Chances are the filter will be ripped off, breaking your camera sensor and harm-
ing your retinas.
Low-end cameras
The following cameras allow full manual basic exposure:
• Cameras with APS-C sensor: Nikon D3400, D5300; Canon 4000D, 1300D; Sony a3000,
a68, SLT-A58; Pentax K-5.
• Camera with Four Thirds System: Olympus E-PL9.
• Compact camera (1” sensor): Sony RX100 III.
Mid-range cameras
These cameras deal acceptably in terms of noise at a reasonable price.
For eclipses it’s less critical as the scene will never get very dark (the sky will be like at twi-
light) and even the eclipsed Sun and corona will be quite bright. However, the lesser noise,
the better quality you get.
• APS-C cameras: Nikon D7200, D7500, Canon 700D and 7D Mark II, Fuji XT-1, Pentax
K-5 II and the Sony a6500.
• Cameras with a 4/3 sensor: Olympus OM-D E-M1 and OM-D E-M5 Mark II.
• Full Frame cameras: Nikon D610 and D750, Sony a7 and a7R.

High-end cameras
On the higher price range (and higher quality), I recommend you these cameras:
• APS-C cameras: Nikon D500, Fuji XT-2 and Fuji X-Pro2.
• Cameras with a 4/3 sensor: Olympus OM-D E-M1 Mark II.
• Full Frame cameras: Nikon D800, D810, D4s, Df, D5; Pentax K-1 Mark II, Canon 6D
(which outperforms the Canon 5D Mark III in terms of noise, high ISO, etc.), 6D Mark
II, 1D X, 1D X Mark II, 5D Mark IV, 5DS, 5DS R; Sony a7S II, a7 III, a7R III, a7R IV and a9.
The lens
Your choice of lens and its focal length will depend on how big you want the Sun to appear
on your photos.
Are you looking to include part of the landscape and don’t mind having the Sun as a dot?
Use a wide-angle lens, like the Nikon 14-24mm f/2.8, my favorite.
You don’t worry about the landscape and it’s ok to get a small Sun? Take a standard-length
telephoto lens, like the Nikon 70-200mm f/2.8 or the Canon 70-200mm f/2.8.
Would you like to capture a big (or huge) Sun? Use a super telephoto lens. For example,
the Nikon 200-500mm f/5.6, the Canon 100-400mm f/3.5-5.6, the Fujifilm 100-400mm
f/4.5-5.6, the Olympus Zuiko 300mm f/4 PRO, the Sony 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6, the Sony
400mm f/2.8 or the Sigma 150-600mm f/5-6.3 for Nikon and Canon.
For the total eclipse, take advantage of crop sensor cameras when trying to capture a big
Sun in the photo!

Alternatively, you can also use a catadioptric lens. It is smaller, cheaper and lighter than a
regular super telezoom lens. In addition to this, diffraction is almost insignificant.
However, it doesn’t come without its inconveniences...
Not only it has a fixed focal length, you won’t be able to change the aperture either. In addi-
tion to this, the out of focus areas of the picture can result into a doughnut-shaped bokeh.
You can’t expect to have everything!
The tripod and the head

For starters, you need a sturdy and solid tripod. In other words, a heavy tripod!
This is particularly important if you plan to shoot composites (section 8) because you must
make sure that your framing doesn’t change from one capture to the next.
In any case, you need to keep your camera steady in order to prevent vibrations that could

blur your photos.
Do you have a basic tripod?

Basic tripods usually don’t weigh too much, which makes them pretty unstable.
Use these easy but efficient tricks to prevent vibrations:
• Hang a bag filled with stones or even your camera bag from the hook located at the
bottom of your tripod’s center column. But don’t do it when it’s windy, you’ll get the
opposite effect!
• Don’t raise the center column of the tripod if it has one, it will make it more unstable.
Are you looking for a great tripod at a reasonable price?

Get the Manfrotto 055XPRO3. Probably the best seller tripod among advanced amateur
photographers!
If you want to spend a little bit more, have a look at carbon fiber tripods.
These tripods are robust and weigh less than the aluminium ones. They allow loads from 5
kg to over 25 kg (11-56 lb) depending on the model.
Brands like Gitzo, Manfrotto, Benro, Induro or Really Right Stuff offer tripods of great
quality in both materials, carbon and aluminum.
Should you get a specific tripod head?

Choosing your tripod head will depend on your taste, but make sure that it can bear at least
5/7 kg (11/16 lb) of weight and that includes a removable plate.
In my opinion, the tripod’s best friend is a good ball head. The Really Right Stuff BH-55 is
the one that I use. Supporting up to 23 kg (50 lb), it bears the weight of my gear with no
problem. It allows me to work comfortably and with great precision.
Other heads we like are the Gitzo GH1382QD, the Kirk Enterprises BH-1 and the Arca
Swiss Monoball Z1 SP, all robust and with very high endurance (minimum 13.5 kg or 30 lbs).
Additionally, if you are using a super telephoto lens you may want to use a gimbal head,
such as the one I use, the Benro GH2.

Is a shutter release or an intervalometer necessary?
While shooting a solar eclipse, you should avoid vibrations. Otherwise, you risk ending up
with a whole bunch of blurred photos. In order to do so, you need a way to trigger your cam-
era without having to touch it.
Shutter releases and intervalometers will do the job. But, in my opinion, you should forget
about the remote shutter release and get a good intervalometer.
Why?
Because remote releases are not programmable. You cannot shoot at regular intervals au-
tomatically.
The intervalometer is programmable. You can set the exposure time, the time interval be-
tween photos, the total number of photos to be taken and even the time delay of the first
picture.
These are all great intervalometers:
• Brand intervalometers: Canon TC-80N3 or Phottix TR90.
• For cheap intervalometers check the brand Yongnuo.
• Wireless intervalometer: Phottix AION.
A great alternative is a device called CamRanger. Right now it’s available for Nikon, Canon,
Fuji and Sony cameras.
It’s a stand-alone device that you connect to your DSLR or mirrorless camera with a USB ca-
ble. It creates an ad hoc WiFi network to which you can connect your smartphone or tablet
(iOS, Android and Windows). Thanks to the CamRanger application you can control your
camera without a computer or an Internet connection.
Best of all, this device is independent. Therefore, if your mobile device loses its connec-
tion, the CamRanger has an internal memory to keep shooting. Imagine that you are mak-
ing a timelapse, your sequence would be cut if the camera stops taking pictures in the time
frame you’ve set...
So the CamRanger is great for many types of photos: timelapses (of the Milky Way, of Star
Trails, of a solar or lunar eclipse...), bracketing, focus stacking for macro and landscapes...
and many more!

What type of memory cards should you use?
Buy the highest quality SD Cards (such as SanDisk, Prograde or Lexar) to minimize the risk
of losing your photos and have the maximum transfer speed.
Today their price has plummeted so even the highest capacity cards (64GB, 128GB or even
256GB) have a good price.
However, I like to use medium capacity cards (16GB or 32GB). So if a card breaks or I lose it
(let’s hope not!), the number of lost pictures is lower.
Although there are still cameras that use CompactFlash (CF) cards, it’s a system that is
slowly disappearing.
And to replace it, SanDisk, Nikon and Sony launched a new card format called XQD avail-
able for several Full Frame (D4, D4s, D5 and D850), APS-C (D500) and mirrorless (Z6 and Z7)
models. These cards
• Have a very high storage capacity (from 32GB to 256GB).
• Have a super fast reading and recording speed (400MB/s compared to 160MB/s for a CF
card or 250 MB/s for an SD card).
• Are very secure, resistant and with an incredible durability.
Their only problem: an extremely high price (for now).

Section 7:
7 general tips for
photographing a solar
eclipse

You have spent weeks preparing for the solar eclipse shooting session. You brainstormed
several ideas (section 3), you found a location (section 4) and a shooting spot thanks to
PhotoPills (section 5).
You are ready for the adventure!
But first, let me tell you some general advice that is useful regardless of the type of pic-
tures you plan capturing.
When to remove and replace your solar filter (1)

This is THE question you may have as a first-time total solar eclipse photographer.
”You are right Toni... How will I know when to remove the filter? And then, when do I have to
replace it on my lens?”
Just to remind you, if for any reason you plan to view (not shoot) the eclipse using a tele-
scope or a pair of binoculars, do not remove the solar filter until the last bit of the Sun is
completely covered.
You risk damaging your retinas severely if you don’t do so.
Now, If you want to capture the diamond rings and the Sun’s corona you must remove the
solar filter.
Contrary to your eyes, your camera is safe for the few seconds or even a minute before to-
tality, and again afterwards for a short time.
When should you remove the solar filter?
Easy. When the Sun’s crescent is an extremely thin line.
Once you’ve done so, do not look through the viewfinder of your camera while the solar fil-
ter is off!
Look at the image on the camera’s Live View LCD screen instead.
Later on, when should you place again the solar filter on your lens?
This is even easier because you will see the edge of the Moon becoming brighter. So, once
the diamond ring ends, put your filter back in place.
7 general tips for photographing a solar eclipse 75

Avoid the curse of new gear and get familiar with it
(2)
The solar eclipse approaches... Only a few weeks left!
And you are thinking about purchasing new gear (a camera, a lens, a telescope, a tripod,
etc.) to capture it. Why not? After all, it’s a once in a lifetime opportunity, isn’t it?
If you decide to do so, try out the gear at home. Not once, not twice, but as much as you
need to know it by heart and master it.
Rehearse the actions of setting up the tripod and the camera, aiming it high and adjusting
exposures.
Trust me, during totality you’d be so surprised that you can get easily distracted... So much
so that you can even forget to take pictures!
Use the following cheat sheet (3)

What you should test at home:
• Can you easily remove and replace your solar filter?
• How many frames per second (fps) can your camera shoot on Burst mode?
• How does the Auto Bracketing function of your camera works?
• Is your complete setup (body+lens+tripod) solid when aimed up high?
• Can you access all controls and the LCD screen with the camera aimed up high?
• Practice operating the camera and adjusting your settings on Manual.
• How long do your batteries last?
What you should test shooting at the Sun (during the partial phases the Sun will have the
same brightness):
• Practice finding the Sun with the solar filter on.
• Practice focusing on the Sun’s edge in bright daylight.
• Figure out the best exposure settings with your solar filter on.

• Check possible framings on a date and time in which the Sun will be at the same eleva-
tion as during the eclipse.
What you should test shooting in twilight (during totality the sky will be as dark as twilight):
• Figure out the best exposure settings (no solar filter here!)
• How do your photos come up in case you have to increase ISO?
What you should test shooting in Full Moon (it has the same brightness as the inner
corona):
• Practice focusing on the Moon’s edge.
• Figure out the best exposure settings.
• Check how fast the Moon moves across your frame.
What you should test shooting at the Waxing and/or Waning Crescent Moon (it has a similar
brightness to the corona):
• Figure out the best exposure settings.
• Practice taking pictures while rapidly adjusting the exposure settings.
• Are your images sharp focused? No vibrations?
Practice with the Sun and the Moon! (4)

I won’t stress it enough. You may have only one (yes, one) opportunity to shoot a total solar
eclipse in your life.
Do you really want to improvise on the shooting day?
If you mess it up you’ll have to wait until the next eclipse. And I don’t think you want to wait
that long :)
First, practice shooting the Moon.
As a first approach, practice shooting the Moon. It’s there for you almost every day.
Aim to capture extremely sharp and well exposed photos of the Moon and you’d have done
the hardest part!

Shoot during the Crescent Moon (Waxing or Waning)
First things first...
The Waxing Crescent Moon is an intermediate Moon phase that comes after new Moon. Dur-
ing this period, the lit up portion of the Moon increases from 0.1% to 49.9%.
Photo by David Steele
Waxing is a synonym of growing, while crescent refers to the curved shape the Moon has.
It’s similar to a banana, don’t you agree?
As a rule of thumb, the Waxing Crescent Moon rises in the daytime before noon. You can
easily spot it in the day sky, although it’s easier to do so around Sunset. Later on, it usually
sets before midnight.
The Waning Crescent Moon is an intermediate Moon phase that comes right before the fol-
lowing New Moon. During this period, the lit up portion of the Moon decreases from 49.9%
to 0.1%.
As a rule of thumb, the Waning Crescent Moon rises after midnight. You can still see it in
the morning before it sets in the afternoon.

Photo by Thomas Bresson
Now, let’s talk about your test shots.
As you can see from the pictures above, the (Waxing or Waning) Crescent Moon has a bright
sunlit side, similar to the prominences and inner corona. Since it’s really bright, you’ll need
a fast exposure (just a fraction of a second).
The dark side, lit by the sunlight reflected off the Earth (known as Earthshine), is similar to
the outer corona and nearby stars during totality. To expose for it, you will need a shutter
speed of more than a second.
Shoot during the period in which the Waxing Gibbous Moon turns
into Full Moon
”Toni, what’s the Waxing Gibbous Moon?”
Again, Waxing means that the Moon gets bigger. Gibbous refers to the shape, and in this
case it is less than the full circle (that would be Full Moon), but larger than the semicircle
shape of the Moon at Third Quarter.
As a rule of thumb, the Waxing Gibbous Moon rises after noon. So you can see it during the

afternoon and in the evening as it sets after midnight. During this period, the lit up portion
of the Moon increases from 50.1% to 99.9%.
Photo by Eric Kilby
So, what about your test shots?
During twilight the Waxing Gibbous Moon has a similar brightness and size to the eclipsed
Sun and its inner corona. So it’s great to practice on your focusing using the Live View
function on your LCD screen, and your exposure settings.
Additionally, it will also help you to establish how much the Moon’s motion will affect your
images.
Then, shoot the Sun as well (5)

Practice shooting the Sun as well to make sure that your filter works properly, you are able
to focus sharply, and to expose correctly.
Take into account that the Sun will be very bright during most of the eclipse phases. So the
idea here is to shoot at the same local time as the eclipse will take place.
Ideally, you should get to your shooting spot at least one of two days in advance. This extra

time will allow you to scout the area, look for the best spot and practice some shots.
As I explained in section 5, use PhotoPills to find out about the azimuth and elevation of
the Sun in that location on the previous days.
If you can’t make it, practice at home!
How?
Easy, schedule a shooting session during the same frame of time in which the total solar
eclipse will take place.
What I mean by same conditions is:
• A very strong Sun, forcing you to play with short exposures.
• An elevation of the Sun similar to the eclipse’s, so you can have an idea of the compo-
sition you can work with.
Don’t forget to remove the solar filter! (6)

How long does it take you? Try to do it as securely and as fast as you can.
Time yourself, and rehearse the procedure over and over until you master it.
Take into account the excitement you will have during eclipse day. So you may well be
slower than the times you achieve at home.
However the most important thing is not speed. It’s not forgetting to remove the filter a few
seconds before totality starts!
If you don’t do it and you keep shooting, your camera won’t capture anything. It will be too
dark and all your pictures will be underexposed.
The best trick to remember removing the solar filter is to set up an alarm on your smart-
phone to buzz a couple of minutes before the start of totality.
PhotoPills tells you exactly when totality will start at the location you are (section 5).
As soon as you figure it out, set the alarm. Don’t procrastinate it or you will forget!

What type of photos of the eclipse can you capture?
(7)
In section 3, I’ve showed you the eclipse photos you should take at least once in your life-
time:
• Partial eclipse.
• Shadow bands.
• Diamond ring in a total eclipse.
• Baily’s beads in a total eclipse.
• Sun’s corona in a total eclipse.
• Sun’s chromosphere in a total eclipse.
• Earthshine in a total eclipse.
• Annular eclipse ring of fire.
• Including the landscape with a wide angle lens.
• Including the landscape with a telephoto lens.
• Close-ups and wide-angle composites of the eclipse.
Now that you know what type of photos of the solar eclipse you can imagine, let’s see how
you can actually take them!

Section 8:
How to shoot a solar
eclipse step by step

Photographing a solar eclipse is a challenge.
A challenge you can get stuck with if you try to cover everything at once.
Truth is that each one of the photos you can take has its own secrets. Secrets you should
know. That’s why I’ve decided to split this section in shorter sections where I’ll teach you
how to take each of the pictures.
Divide and conquer!
So choose the photo you wish to take and study the corresponding section. ;)
Allow me to begin with the easiest photo you can take.
Note: Check this article to learn how to expose your photos in any situation.
Shadow Bands (1)

When light goes through small holes (among the leaves of a tree for example), the shadows
cast on the ground take the shape of the eclipse.
If you’re near a tree, or any other subject that has small holes, get ready to capture this
stunning effect in the shadows.
How to shoot a solar eclipse step by step 84

To take this photo follow these steps:
• Equipment: All you need is your camera and lens (no matter the type, even the camera
of your smartphone works).
• Camera Settings: Shoot in RAW.
• Focal length: Not a short focal length. I recommend you a focal length between 35mm
and 200mm.
• Metering mode: Spot metering mode. Meter in the brightest part of the scene you want
to capture detail.
• Aperture: Use a narrow aperture so you can get a sharper detail in the shadows. For
example f/5.6 or f/8.
• ISO: Keep the ISO as low as possible (nominal, that is 100 or 200).
• Shutter speed: Taking into account the metering, the aperture and the ISO, adjust the
shutter speed to have the light meter centered at zero (correctly exposed).

• White balance: Manual. Nevertheless, you can always correct it in post-processing.
• Where to focus: Focus on the shadows projected by the eclipsed Sun to capture the
effect of the shadows tack sharp.
Partial eclipse (2)

During the phase of partial eclipse, the Moon blocks part of the surface of the Sun. For this
type of photos, I like to use a telephoto lens with a solar filter to lure all the attention to the
remaining Sun, and capture how it disappears behind the Moon.
Nikon D500 | 480mm | f/8 | 1/500s | ISO 100 | 7460K | Solar filter
• Equipment: Your camera (the type of sensor doesn’t really matter, although I recom-
mend you an APS-C or Micro 4/3 sensor, because of the larger effective focal length
you’ll get). A telephoto lens or a super telephoto lens. A Baader 80mm solar filter
(equivalent to an ND 5.0 filter, that is a 16.6-stop filter). If you photograph the total
eclipse, don’t forget to put the solar filter back on the lens after totality. A sturdy tri-
pod and head. And an intervalometer (to avoid vibrations).

• Camera settings: Shoot in RAW. Turn off the image stabilization function if your lens
has it.
• Focal length: Long focal length (300mm, 450mm, 600mm, etc.) to cover the area of the
sky where the Sun and Moon are located so they take most of the frame.
• Metering mode: Spot metering mode. Meter on the Sun before the eclipse begins.
• Aperture: Use a relatively narrow aperture so the celestial bodies are perfectly in fo-
cus. Since this picture is a close-up, depth of field is not a critical. In this case I shot at
f/8 to get the maximum detail of the partial eclipse.
• Shutter speed: Taking into account the metering, the aperture and the ISO, adjust the
shutter speed to have the light meter centered at zero (correctly exposed). During the
partial eclipse I used a shutter speed base of 1/500s.
• ISO: Keep the ISO as low as possible (nominal, that is 100 or 200). I used ISO 100.
• Bracketing: To make sure you’re getting at least one photo correctly exposed, bracket
your exposure starting with a base shutter speed of 1/500s. For this photo I used an
exposure bracketing of 3 stops.

In this photo I used a warm white balance (7460K) to capture the colors of the Sun
through the Baader solar filter, which produces a neutral dominant (white).
• Where to focus: Put the solar filter in front of the lens. Focus at the edge of the Sun
before the eclipse begins. To make sure the Sun is in focus, zoom in the image using
your camera Live View on the LCD screen.
Diamond ring in a total solar eclipse (3)

The advantage of the partial eclipse is that you have a lot of time to capture it, contrary to
what will happen right before, during and right after totality.
In those moments, light changes drastically. So you’ll need to act quickly and remove the
solar filter.
You won’t have time to measure light either, so it’s best to bracket the exposure starting
with a base shutter speed. This way you’ll be able to capture all the phenomena that are
coming.
The diamond ring is the first one. And also the last one, the moment between the end of
totality and the beginning of the partial eclipse.

The diamond ring appears when the Moon makes the final movement onto the Sun. You can
also photograph it when totality ends, that is when the Moon begins to leave the surface of
the Sun.
Nikon D500 | 500mm | f/8 | 1/125s | ISO 100 | 6450K
you’ll get). A telephoto lens or a super telephoto lens, but no solar filter. You must re-
move the filter a few seconds before the partial eclipse ends. A sturdy tripod and head.
And an intervalometer (to avoid vibrations).
has it.
sky where the Sun and Moon are located so they occupy most of the frame.
• Metering mode: You don’t have time to measure light. To work out the exposure, I used
Fred Espenak’s exposure table, and I bracketed my exposures taking the values of the
table as a reference.

• Aperture: Keep the same aperture you’ve used for the partial eclipse. Use a relatively
narrow aperture so the celestial bodies are perfectly in focus. Since this picture is a
close-up, depth of field is not a critical. In this case I shot at f/8 to get the maximum
detail of the diamond ring.
• Shutter speed: Since you don’t have time to meter to find out the shutter speed you
need, the safest move is to use Fred Espenak’s exposure table to choose a base shut-
ter speed (here 1/30s) and then do an exposure bracketing of 9 photos.
• Exposure bracketing: To make sure you’re getting at least one photo correctly ex-
posed, bracket your exposure starting with a shutter speed base of 1/30s. For this
photo I used an exposure bracketing of 9 photos from 1/2s to 1/500s. The best image
was the one with a shutter speed of 1/125s.
• White balance: Manual. Nevertheless, you can always correct it in post-processing. In

this photo I used a warm white balance (6450K) to capture the colors of the diamond
ring.
• Where to focus: The first thing you have to do is to put the solar filter on your lens (this
is essential if you don’t want the Sun to scorch the sensor!). Focus at the edge of the
Sun before the eclipse begins. To make sure the Sun is in focus, zoom in the image us-
ing your camera Live View on the LCD screen. Don’t forget remove the solar filter at the
end of the partial eclipse. Otherwise, all your photos will be underexposed.
Baily’s beads in a total solar eclipse (4)

A few seconds before totality, you’ll enjoy a phenomenon known as Baily’s beads. These are
bright flashes that occur when sunlight passes through the valleys and depressions of the
surface of the Moon.
Be careful with this photo, because you need to change the base shutter speed for the ex-
posure bracketing.

Nikon D500 | 500mm | f/8 | 1/8000s | ISO 100 | 6450K
has it.

detail of the Baily’s beads.
• Shutter speed: Since you don’t have time to measure light to work out the shutter
speed you need, the safest move is to use Fred Espenak’s exposure table to choose
a base shutter speed (here 1/500s) and then do an exposure bracketing of 9 photos.
• Exposure bracketing: To make sure you’re getting at least one photo correctly exposed,
bracket your exposure starting with a shutter speed base of 1/500s. For this photo I
used an exposure bracketing of 9 photos. The best image was the one with a shutter
speed of 1/8000s.

In this photo I used a warm white balance (6450K) to capture the colors of the Baily’s
beads.
Sun’s corona in a total solar eclipse (5)

The Baily’s beads lead to the Sun’s corona (the outer atmosphere of the Sun). The eclipse
takes kind of a mystical look, don’t you think?

Nikon D500 | 500mm | f/8 | 1/30s | ISO 100 | 6450K
has it.

detail of the Sun’s corona.
posed, bracket your exposure starting with a shutter speed base of 1/30s. For this
photo I used an exposure bracketing of 9 photos from 1/2s to 1/500s. The best image
was the one with a shutter speed of 1/30s.

In this photo I used a warm white balance (6450K) to capture the colors of the Sun’s
corona.
Sun’s chromosphere in a total solar eclipse (6)

The chromosphere is a reddish glow around the Moon, just an instant before totality ends.
It’s the lower layer of the Sun’s atmosphere.

Nikon D500 | 500mm | f/8 | 1/1000s | ISO 100 | 6450K
has it.
narrow aperture so the celestial bodies are perfectly focused. Since this picture is a

detail of the Sun’s chromosphere.
bracket your exposure starting with a shutter speed base of 1/500s. For this photo I
used an exposure bracketing of 9 photos. The best image was the one with a shutter
speed of 1/1000s.
• White balance: Manual. Nevertheless, you can always correct it in post-processing. In

this photo I used a warm white balance (6450K) to capture the colors of the chromo-
sphere.
Earthshine in a total solar eclipse (7)

If you use the right exposure bracketing, you’ll capture detail even in the Moon. :)
To take this photo, you’ll have to change the base shutter speed for the exposure bracket-
ing again.
The image results from blending two photos, one of the Sun’s corona and one of the Earth-
shine.

Corona: Nikon D500 | 500mm | f/8 | 1/8s | ISO 100 | 6450K
Earthshine: Nikon D500 | 500mm | f/8 | 2s | ISO 100 | 6450K
has it.

detail of the Sun’s corona and the Earthshine.
posed, bracket your exposure starting with a shutter speed base of 1/2s. For this photo
I used an exposure bracketing of 7 photos from 1/15s to 4s. The best image of the
Sun’s corona was the one with a shutter speed of 1/8s. The best image of the Earth-
shine was the one with a shutter speed of 2s.

In this photo I used a warm white balance (6450K) to capture the colors of the Sun’s
corona and the Moon.
Annular eclipse ring of fire (8)

During an annular eclipse, the Moon will never completely cover the Sun. This allows you to
capture a beautiful ring of fire around the Moon.

Photo by Alan Dyer/Stocktrek Images
To take this photo, follow the same steps as the partial eclipse, as follows:
you’ll get). A telephoto lens or a super telephoto lens. A Baader 80mm solar filter
(equivalent to an ND 5.0 filter, that is a 16.6-stop filter). A sturdy tripod and head. And
an intervalometer (to avoid vibrations).
has it.
• Metering mode: Spot metering mode. Meter light on the Sun before the eclipse begins.
• Aperture: Use the same aperture you’ve used for the partial eclipse. Use a relatively
close-up, depth of field is not a critical. In this case I shot at f/8 is a great option.

• Shutter speed: Keep the same shutter speed you used for the partial eclipse. At ISO
100 and f/8, your shutter speed will probably be between 1/500s and 1/1000s.
bracket your exposure. For this type of photo I recommend an exposure bracketing of
3 stops.
ing your camera Live View on the LCD screen.
Including the landscape with a wide angle lens (9)

For the August 21st, 2017 total solar eclipse, I took two cameras and multiple lenses with
me. On one camera, I mounted a telephoto lens to photograph all the phases of the eclipse.
And with the other, I took the photo you see below: the eclipse during totality and a beauti-
ful view of the winery where we were.

Nikon D4s | 18mm | f/16 | 10s | ISO 100 | 5850K
Besides, if you also take photos during the partial eclipse, you’ll be able to combine them to
create a beautiful composition. Have a look at example 11.
• Equipment: DSLR or mirrorless camera. A wide angle lens. A solar filter. A sturdy tripod
and a head. And an intervalometer (to avoid vibrations).

has it.
• Focal length: Your composition will determine the focal length you need. If you wish
to capture as much landscape as possible, despite of the Sun appearing super small,
choose a short focal length (8-35mm). If you have an interesting subject in the fore-
ground, get close to it.
• Metering mode: Spot metering mode. To photograph the partial eclipse, put the solar
filter on before the eclipse begins and meter on the Sun. To photograph the phases
during totality, remove the filter, meter on the brightest spot in the scene and overex-
pose by 1 or 2 stops (+1EV o +2EV). Be careful not to move the camera when changing
the settings so that you can then blend all the photos seamlessly.
• Exposure (aperture, shutter speed, ISO)
– The good news is that light is pretty stable until totality, so you can keep the same
camera settings for most of the shooting.
– However, during totality light will drastically change, and you’ll have to adjust your
camera settings.
– One more time... Don’t forget to take the solar filter out during totality!
– At totality, the settings you need to use are very similar to the ones you usually
need at the beginning of the astronomical twilight. The sky is pretty dark, but not
pitch black as during nighttime.
– Use an small aperture to increase depth of field (f/8, f/11) and get a better quality
image.
– Keep the shutter speed between 1/125s y 1/4000s during the partial eclipse. It will
depend on the solar filter you use and the weather conditions. Use a slower shutter
speed during totality (probably about 1-2 seconds, but make sure it doesn’t result
under or overexposed).
– Keep the ISO as low as possible (nominal, that is 100 or 200).
– During totality, bracket your exposures to increase your chances of success.

But if you wish to capture the true colors of the Sun and the scene in camera, I recom-
mend you to try with a white balance of 5200K, and adjust accordingly.
• Where to focus: Since you’re using a short focal length, focus at the hyperfocal dis-
tance.
Including the landscape with a telephoto lens (10)

Capturing these types of photos is truly exciting.

Coming up with the idea you wish to capture, finding the location, planning every detail and
finally capturing the moment is a process that can hardly be described with words.
That’s what Ted Hesser probably thought when he captured the photo that would make him
the PhotoPiller of the Year 2017... :P
Nikon D800 | 400mm | f/5.6 | 1/200s | ISO 100 | 5600K

has it.
sky and landscape where the Sun, Moon and subject are located so they take most of
the frame.
narrow aperture so the celestial bodies are perfectly focused. In this case Ted Hesser
used an aperture of f/5.6.
a base shutter speed of 1/30s (if you want to capture the diamond ring with your sub-
ject) and then do an exposure bracketing of 9 photos. Adjust your shutter speed to
the phenomenon you wish to capture.
• ISO: Keep the ISO as low as possible (nominal, that is 100 or 200). Ted Hesser used ISO
100.
posed, bracket your exposure starting with a shutter speed base of 1/30s. For this type
of photos I recommend you to use an exposure bracketing of 9 photos 1/2s to 1/500s.
Ted Hesser’s best image was shot at 1/200s.
• White balance: Manual. Nevertheless, you can always correct it in post-processing. For
this type of images, I like a cool white balance (5600K).
• Where to focus: Focus at your subject.
How to create close-up and wide-angle composites

of the solar eclipse (11)
Tell the whole story in one image!
Close-up and wide-angle composites are a great way to show how the eclipse changes over
time.

Nikon D7000 | 17mm | f/8 | ISO 100 | 5000K
Solar eclipse base photo: 1.3s
Partial eclipse pictures: 1/25s | Solar filter
To create a composite image you need:
• To take as many photos as possible to capture the evolution of the whole eclipse.
Use the techniques explained in the example 9 of this section depending on the focal
length you want to use.
• To blend the photos in one image in post-processing.

You can create many different composites, but the most spectacular are the multi-photo
composites and the layered composites.
Multi-photo composites
A multi-photo composite shows the Sun moving naturally along a static frame. So you
won’t need to move your camera during the entire eclipse.
Whether you are planning a close-up or a wide-angle image, make sure you follow these
tips:
• Determine how the Sun will be drifting across your sensor at your shooting spot (use
PhotoPills!).
• Compose your picture according to it.
• Determine the interval between shots.
Obviously, your goal is to orient your lens’ field of view according to the Sun’s movement
and get the image of totality close to the center.

Before you frame the shot use the PhotoPills Augmented Reality tool to see where the Sun
and the Moon will be during the eclipse according to your position.
Depending on the focal length you use, you can also add an interesting foreground or land-
scape into your frame.
Remember to shoot all the partial phases with you solar filter on and the total phases with-
out it.
As for the time intervals, you can shoot as often as you like (especially if you are looking to
produce a time lapse). As a rule of thumb, a composite still image looks best with frames
taken no less than 5 minutes apart.
Again, your main concern should be framing the scene so the Sun moves nicely across the
frame and ends up centered at totality.
Later on, in post-processing, blend your exposures into a single frame.

Layered composites
A layered composite is a combination of several shots taken during the eclipse that you
blend into one single photo.
This type of composite is much easier to produce because you don’t need to worry much
about composition. You will only need a portion of the image and no landscape or fore-
ground to appear in the frame.
In this case, all you have to do is use the images you already have shot and display them in
a natural way to show the eclipse evolution.
Align and center each individual frame. Make sure that all the images are symmetric and
that there is a constant distance between each one.

Section 9:
Don't forget to use
special eye protection!

Never ever forget to protect your eyes during the whole solar eclipse with an approved ISO
protection (e.g. eclipse glasses).
You must use them throughout the whole eclipse, except when totality occurs. A few sec-
onds before it happens, take you eclipse glasses off and enjoy the views! Once it’s done,
put them on again.
Avoid looking directly at the Sun

On a regular day you don’t happen to look directly at the Sun.
That’s for two reasons.
First, because since you were a kid you’ve had the instinct not to look directly at it. It hurts
and it’s annoying. This instinct is called ”aversion reflex”.
Secondly, because there’s nothing to see after all! The Sun is so bright and its light is so
powerful that you are blinded.
So if that’s what you do on a regular day, why would you expose your sight to potential
damage looking at the Sun during a solar eclipse?
Because it’s a unique event and you don’t want to miss it. I get it.
In fact, you could be able to override your aversion reflex since your willpower can be ex-
tremely powerful (pun intended) and take you beyond the usual boundaries. After all, you
could be thinking that ”it’s just going to be a couple of minutes”.
Don’t forget to use special eye protection! 109

To make things worse, you could look straight into the Sun with some comfort while it’s par-
tially covered by the Moon...
However, the consequences are fatal. You would suffer eclipse blindness, an eye damage
that would negatively affect your sight forever and from which you might never recover.
The fatal consequence: eclipse blindness

As soon as you start looking at the Sun during an eclipse you are exposing yourself to suffer
from eclipse blindness.
What is eclipse blindness exactly?
Well, your eyeballs get burned and your retinas can suffer a permanent damage. In other
words, you can lose sight (partially or globally, depending on how much you expose your
eyes).
Think about an excess of light applied to your retinas. They just can’t bear it and this huge
light destroys the retina’s photoreceptors.
These photoreceptors are the cells allowing you to see in the dark, to view in color and to
have sharp vision.
The problem with eclipse blindness is that you won’t feel its effects until the next morning
or even later. Some of the symptoms, affecting mainly your central vision, could be seeing
blurry or not seeing at all (black image or black spots). Your peripheral vision is generally
spared, but it really depends.
Nevertheless, once you suffer from eclipse blindness, you are considered a visually im-
paired person.
And to make things worse, your healing process is a mystery. According to the statistics,
50% of the people affected recover full vision in the next 6 months. The other 50% recover it
only partially or are impaired for the rest of their lives.
So, please avoid any risk and view the eclipse taking some basic precautions!
How can you view the eclipse without going blind?

I can’t stress it enough. Looking directly into the Sun during an eclipse can cause you
blindness.
Avoid:

• Looking repeatedly at the Sun without any protection.
• Staring at the Sun for an extended time.
• Glancing through a camera, binoculars or telescope without solar filters.
• Using regular sunglasses as they will not provide enough protection.
I’ve repeated the word ”protection” several times. So, what are the different tools that you
can use to protect your retinas?
• Approved solar eclipse glasses.
• Specially designed solar telescopes or solar binoculars.
• Cameras, binoculars and telescopes with approved solar filters (section 6).
• A pinhole projector.
Wear a pair of approved solar eclipse glasses

Probably, the best and cheapest piece of protection that you can get is a pair of solar
eclipse glasses or handheld views. Before purchasing yours, make sure that it complies
with all the safety requirements.
Just because ”it looks good”, it doesn’t mean it will serve its purpose. So check that yours
are ISO-approved solar eclipse glasses. Look for an ISO (International Organization of Stan-
dardization) label; ISO 12312-2 is the U.S. standard, while ISO 12312-2 2015 is the UE stan-
dard.
In addition to this, make sure that the glasses’ filters are pristine (no defects, such as
scratches, bubbles and dents), and that they cover both eyes perfectly.
One more thing. Don’t look up at the Sun without a pair of solar eclipse glasses. Always
wear them before looking up at it.
Finally, don’t make this mistake.
Most people believe that once they are wearing the solar eclipse glasses these are enough
protection to look through any optics (such as your camera o your binoculars). You risk
from damaging you retinas severely because of the magnifying glass effect!
Make sure you always put a solar filter in front of the glasses of your camera lens or binocu-
lars.
You can get your approved pair of solar eclipse glasses of American Paper Optics, Rainbow
Symphony or Thousand Oaks Optical on Amazon.

How do you make a pinhole projector?
You only need two white cards or pieces of cardboard.
First of all, use a needle to punch a small hole in one of the cards. Then, use this card to get
the light through it and project it onto the second card, the blank one.
You will be able to see the eclipse perfectly.
Don’t use anything else as a protection!

According to NASA, the following materials should never be used to view a solar eclipse:
• Photographic neutral density filters, no matter how dense they are
• Photographic polarizing filters
• Sunglasses of any kind
• Negative film (exposed or not)

• Smoked glass
• Space blankets and other forms of household Mylar, or silvery CD/DVD disks
• Medical X-ray film
• Floppy disks
You must avoid them because, while they dim visible light, they do not block infrared (IR)
and ultraviolet (UV) light that can damage your retinas.
This warning is very important in the case of regular sunglasses.
According to the experts, sunglasses typically let in between 10% and 20% of daylight. This
is still too bright for your retinas.
The filters used on any approved solar eclipse glasses are generally 100,000 times darker.
Now that you know what to use to protect your eyes, let’s see when it is safe to look.
When is it safe to look?

There is only one phase in which it is safe to look at the Sun and that’s during totality, when
the Sun is completely covered (100%) by the Moon.
At that moment, the Moon is blocking the Sun’s rays and only the corona (the outer atmo-
sphere of the sun) is visible.
So, yes, remove your protection. Otherwise you won’t see anything at all!
However, be extremely cautious because even when the Sun is almost completely covered
(98-99%), this tiny crescent that remains is still bright enough to cause you eclipse blind-
ness.
This is only valid if you are in a location from which you will see a total solar eclipse. If you
are watching the partial or an annular solar eclipse from other parts of the U.S. or the rest

of the world, you must keep your protection on the entire time.
Remember that you must use proper eye protection while viewing the total solar eclipse to
prevent your eyes from suffering partial or total blindness.
And as soon as you have everything ready, practice using your protection and equipment
before the eclipse actually happens.
Practice before the eclipse

Considering that a solar eclipse is a unique event, make sure you are sufficiently prepared.
Now that you have a proper eye protection, your gear is ready and you know where you will
be admiring this amazing phenomenon, don’t improvise!
First, make sure that you know exactly when and how it is safe to look.
Then, depending on the tool you plan to use to observe the eclipse (camera, binoculars or
telescope), practice in advance how you will be using it.
In other words, don’t play around with the solar filters during the eclipse. You should know
exactly what to do and how to do it before it actually happens.
Please, take all the necessary precautions (especially if you will be accompanied by chil-
dren) and enjoy the eclipse without having to regret it later on!

Section 10:
The 11 mistakes you
should avoid when
shooting a solar
eclipse

You forget to remove the solar filter at totality (1)
This is the most common mistake.
You are so focused on the eclipse, setting your gear correctly, nailing the perfect shot...
that you forget to remove the solar filter from the lens!
If you want to capture the Sun as the Moon covers it completely, you must remove the solar
filter.
Remember that it will be almost dark and that a solar filter is much darker than a regular 10-
stop neutral density filter. It only transmits 1/100,000th of the light while a 10-stop ND filter
transmits 1/1,024th.
To avoid forgetting the solar filter removal you can do a couple of things.
The first one is setting an alarm on your smartphone. Thanks to PhotoPills you are able to
predict exactly when totality will start at the location you are (section 5).
Take advantage of this and set an alarm on your smartphone to buzz a couple of minutes
before totality happens.
And while you are at it, set another one to buzz before the end of totality so you don’t forget
to put the solar filter back!
The second is to ask people around you (you won’t be alone, I’m sure) to remind you. It’s
probably less effective, but it’s always good to have a backup.
Someone (or even you!) steps on your camera or

trips over your tripod (2)
The first piece of advice to try to avoid this problem is to find a shooting spot in which you
have enough space around you.
On eclipse day you will be dealing with a lot of people moving around you and your gear.
And most of them won’t be photographers so they might not be very careful with your tri-
pod.
So, get to the shooting spot as early as possible.
Ideally, you would have scouted the area in advance (the day before, for example) so you
already know the location and the exact spot from where you will be shooting.
Once you are there on eclipse day, my second piece of advice is to try to spread your gear
The 11 mistakes you should avoid when shooting a solar eclipse 116
around you and your tripod. That way, people will more likely step on your backpack or trip
over your folding chair, not over your camera or your tripod.
Your tripod shifts resulting in a different frame, and

you can’t get back to the original one (3)
In this case, I have good news and bad news.
First, the good news.
If you are shooting a single shoot with a telephoto lens, chances are you will have enough
negative space around both the Sun and the Moon to fix it in post-processing cropping the
frame.
Even if you are shooting with a huge telezoom (or a telescope!), you might have a frame
large enough for you to crop and adjust the Sun’s position.
Now the bad news.
If you are shooting a single shoot with a wide angle lens, chances are your photo will be ei-
ther ruined (let’s hope not!) or different from what you initially composed.
If the former happens, who knows, you might end up with a nice result anyway. The problem
is that you may not be able to create a multiple exposure composite.
So, I won’t say it enough, make sure you have enough space around your setup so that you
can move freely and no one else disturbs your shooting session.
You could even cause this yourself while removing the solar filter, especially if it’s a screw
one.
First, practice, practice and practice before eclipse day.
Then, remove it very carefully and slowly.
Oh, oh... You forgot something (e.g. memory card,

intervalometer, battery, etc.) (4)
It’s so disappointing when you are in the field excited about the shooting only to realize
that you forgot something of capital importance...
The best solution to prevent this?
A checklist! (See section 6)
The more complete and detailed your checklist is, the more helpful you will find it.
And don’t write it on a piece of paper, put it on your smartphone so it’s always with you.
Your memory card, intervalometer, battery (you

name it) fails (5)
This type of problem can be easily avoided and solved.
A few days before eclipse day, test all your gear and make sure that everything works.
While doing so you might find handy to write and go through a complete checklist like the
one I suggested you in section 6.
When possible, bring two (or more like memory cards or batteries) of each. That way, if
something goes wrong in spite of your previous check, you can always use your spare in-
tervalometer, another battery or a different memory card.
Be prepared for everything!
You accidentally shifted focus and the Sun and the

Moon are blurry (6)
Again, you can face two different situations depending on the type of shot you plan.
You are shooting with a wide angle lens

Therefore, you are including part of the landscape in you frame. Here, you clearly failed to
focus at the hyperfocal distance.
Refocus again and make sure that you are focusing the lens at a slightly longer distance
than the hyperfocal distance (e.g. 1 meter). But most importantly, make sure not to fall
short again!
You’ll find how to focus at the hyperfocal distance in this video.
You are shooting with a telephoto lens
In this case, most of your photo is covered by both the Sun and the Moon. Here, you failed
when focusing.
To refocus again accurately use the Live View option on your LCD screen and, if your cam-
era has them, both the Focus Peaking and the Focus Magnifier.
You’ll find how to use these tools in section 8.
All your images are blurred! Why? (7)

If your photo is completely blurred despite having focused correctly, it’s either because you
are getting vibrations in your camera and/or your lens.
• Use a sturdy tripod and make sure it’s completely stable.
• Turn off the lens stabilisation system. You’re using a tripod, and there is no need to
use this function. Despite the absence of vibrations, it may try to correct inexistent
movements causing the opposite effect!
• Use an intervalometer. Don’t touch the camera unless it’s strictly necessary.
• Check the lens autofocus is disabled.
• Double check the focal length is the right one. Make sure you don’t touch the ring of
the lens.
• Always take a test shot to double check that everything is in focus.
It’s cloudy so you don’t shoot at all (8)

Obviously, your best strategy is to move and change your location and shooting spot if the
clouds appear.
Does that mean that if the clouds appear at the last minute and it’s too late for you to move
you shouldn’t shoot?
No way!
A few clouds can become an interesting element in your scene.
And yes, it is possible to shoot the eclipsed Sun through some clouds. Sometimes the cam-
era sees things your eye cannot.
You can shoot the partial phases of the eclipse and totality through clouds.
If the clouds are too dense, remove the solar filter (otherwise it would be too dark for the
camera to capture anything) and start shooting.
If they’re not, try the best you can while the solar filter is on.
Worst case scenario, if the Sun is completely blocked by clouds, you can always capture the
lighting changes and the shadow of the Moon on the clouds...
Second contact (C2) comes too soon. You aren’t

ready, and blow out the exposures (9)
Your pictures are blown out because you continued shooting without replacing the solar
filter on your lens.
When should you do this? As soon as you see the edge of the Moon becoming brighter. Put
your filter back in place once the diamond ring ends.
Never look through the viewfinder of your camera while the solar filter is off! Look at the
image on the camera’s Live View LCD screen instead.
You just stare up during the eclipse and forget to do

anything! (10)
That’s a cool option too!
But weren’t you the one who was asking how to shoot a solar eclipse?
Come on! Moooooove!!
You shoot in JPG and now you cannot edit! (11)

Always shoot in RAW, and edit the RAW file in Lightroom (or your preferred post-processing
software).
The RAW file contains all the information captured by the sensor of your camera. So it’s
much easier to make adjustments later on in the image without risking losing of quality.
The JPEG format is a compression of the image. So a lot of information gets lost in this
compression.
Section 11:
Imagine. Plan. Shoot!

Your turn!
It’s time to take action, choose a solar eclipse and let your imagination fly.
Use PhotoPills to plan the photos that pop into your mind. So when the moment arrives,
you’re ready to live and capture a unique scene, a scene maybe you and only you have
imagined.
Either way, it’s going to be your moment.
It’s worth trying!
And if you nail the photo, why not sharing it with the rest of the tribe?
Submit it to the PhotoPills Awards :P
We can’t wait to see it. :)
By the way, I almost forget... If you need help with your solar eclipses, don’t hesitate to ask
me leaving a comment below.
I’m here to help! :)
Good luck.
Imagine. Plan. Shoot! 122

Antoni Cladera is a landscape photographer with commitment to the environment. Artist
of the Spanish Confederation of Photography and member of the Spanish Association of
Nature Photographers (AEFONA). He’s part of the PhotoPills Team.
Special thanks to Sandra Vallaure, a great photographer and friend, for her tremendous
help in making this article possible.
Note: Some links on this page are affiliate links. What does this mean? If you buy/rent using
these links you’re helping support us and it costs you nothing extra. Thank you for your
support.
Imagine. Plan. Shoot! 123

www.photopills.com

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Solar Eclipses 2020: The

The Definitive Guide to Shoo-

How To Shoot Truly Conta-

Understanding Golden Hour,

MORE TUTORIALS AT PHOTOPILLS.COM/ACADEMY

Understanding How To Plan the

How to find moon-

Only the show is not how you imagined it would be...”

We weren’t going to miss it, no matter what!

There are many eclipses to come!

Are you ready?

It’s going to be fun...

”Creativity is intelligence having fun.” – Albert Einstein

2 Understanding the different types of solar eclipses and their phases 19

4 Where to go (finding the perfect location) 44

5 How to plan your solar eclipse pictures 49

6 All the gear you need to shoot a solar eclipse 63

7 7 general tips for photographing a solar eclipse 74

8 How to shoot a solar eclipse step by step 83

9 Don’t forget to use special eye protection! 108

11 Imagine. Plan. Shoot! 121

Solar Eclipses 2020: The Definitive Photography Guide

I’m glad you asked me this question.

Don’t you know what the magnitude is?

Date Type Magnitude Duration Where

2020, 21 June Annular 0.994 00m38s Africa, southeast Europe,

2020, 14 December Total 1.025 02m10s Pacific, south South

2021, 10 June Annular 0.943 03m51s North North America,

2021, 4 December Total 1.037 01m54s Antarctica, South Africa,

2022, 30 April Partial 0.64 – Southeast Pacific, south

2022, 25 October Partial 0.862 – Europe, northeast Africa,

Continued on next page

Solar eclipse calendar 10

Date Type Magnitude Duration Where

2023, 20 April Hybrid 1.013 01m16s Southeast Asia, East In-

2023, 14 October Annular 0.952 05m17s North America, Central

2024, 8 April Total 1.057 04m28s North America, Central

2024, 2 October Annular 0.933 07m25s Pacific, south South

2025, 29 March Partial 0.938 – Northeast Africa, Eu-

2025, 21 September Partial 0.855 – South Pacific, New

2026, 17 February Annular 0.963 02m20s South Argentina and

2026, 12 August Total 1.039 02m18s North North America,

Continued on next page

Solar eclipse calendar 11

Date Type Magnitude Duration Where

2027, 6 February Annular 0.928 07m51s South America, Antarc-

2027, 2 August Total 1.079 06m23s Africa, Europe, Middle

2028, 26 January Annular 0.921 10m27s East North America, Cen-

2028, 22 July Total 1.056 05m10s Southeast Asia, east

2029, 14 January Partial 0.871 – North America, Central

2029, 12 June Partial 0.458 – Arctic, Scandinavia,

2029, 11 July Partial 0.23 – South Chile, south Ar-

2029, 5 December Partial 0.891 – South Argentina, south

Continued on next page

Solar eclipse calendar 12

Date Type Magnitude Duration Where

2030, 1 June Annular 0.944 05m21s Europe, north Africa,

2030, 25 November Total 1.047 03m44s South Africa, south In-