❑ UNIFORM RECTILINEAR MOTION

acceleration, a=0 for every value of time, t

S
Therefore: velocity, 𝑣 is constant

MO
RA
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑣, 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑑𝑡

N
𝑥 𝑡

O
YN
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣𝑑𝑡 ; න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣 න 𝑑𝑡
𝑥0 0

RE
𝑥 𝑡
𝑥ቚ = 𝑣𝑡ቚ
𝑥0 0
GR
EN

𝑥 − 𝑥0 = 𝑣𝑡

𝑥 = 𝑥0 + 𝑣𝑡 ; 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

❑ UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED RECTILINEAR MOTION

acceleration, 𝑎 of the particle is constant

S
MO
𝑑𝑣
= 𝑎, 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

RA
𝑑𝑡

N
𝑣 𝑡
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎𝑑𝑡 ; න 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎 න 𝑑𝑡

O
𝑣0 0

YN
𝑣 𝑡
𝑣ቚ = 𝑎𝑡ቚ

RE
𝑣0 0
GR
𝑣 − 𝑣0 = 𝑎𝑡
EN

𝑣 = 𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑡 ; 𝑣0 = 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒

 𝑑𝑥
In the equation: 𝑣 =
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑥

S
= 𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑡 ; 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡

MO
𝑑𝑡

RA
𝑥 𝑡
න 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡

N
𝑥0 0

O
YN
1
𝑥 − 𝑥0 = 𝑣0 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 ; let 𝑥 = 𝑠, 𝑥0 = 0
2

RE
1 2
GR
𝑠 = 𝑣0 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
2
EN
 𝑑𝑣
In the equation: 𝑎 = 𝑣
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑣

S
𝑎=𝑣 ; 𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎𝑑𝑥

MO
𝑑𝑥

RA
𝑣 𝑥
න 𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎 න 𝑑𝑥

N
𝑣0 𝑥0

O
YN
1 2
𝑣 − 𝑣02 = 𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑥0 ; 𝑣 2 −𝑣02 = 2𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑥0

RE
2

𝑣 2 = 𝑣02 + 2𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑥0 ;
GR
let: 𝑥 = 𝑠, 𝑥0 = 0
EN

𝑣 2 = 𝑣02 + 2𝑎𝑠
Illustrative Problem 1:

A car starting from rest accelerates uniformly and passes

S
electric posts which are 400 meters apart along a straight road.

MO
The car takes 12 seconds to travel from the 1 st post to the 2nd

RA
post and it takes 7 seconds to travel from 2 nd to the 3rd post.
Determine;

N
a)the distance from the starting point to the 1 st post

O
YN
b)the velocity of the car as it reaches the 3rd post

RE
GR
EN

400 m 400 m
Illustrative Problem 2:

A stone is dropped from the deck of a bridge. The sound of the

S
splash reaches the deck 4 seconds later. If sound travels 342 𝑚Τ𝑠

MO
in still air, how high is the bridge above the surface of water.

RA
N
O
YN
RE
GR
EN
❑ MOTION OF SEVERAL PARTICLES (INDEPENDENT MOTION)

S
MO
RA
N
𝑥𝐵Τ𝐴 = 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴

O
YN
𝑥𝐵 = 𝑥𝐴 + 𝑥𝐵Τ𝐴

RE
The rate of change of 𝑣𝐵Τ𝐴 is known as the relative velocity of B
GR
with respect to A and is denoted by 𝑣𝐵Τ𝐴
EN

𝑣𝐵Τ𝐴 = 𝑣𝐵 − 𝑣𝐴 𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝐵 = 𝑣𝐴 + 𝑣𝐵Τ𝐴
➢ Positive (+) position means that B is observed from A to moved
in the positive direction.
The rate of change of 𝑎𝐵Τ𝐴 is known as the relative acceleration
of B with respect to A and is denoted by 𝑎𝐵Τ𝐴
𝑎𝐵Τ𝐴 = 𝑎𝐵 − 𝑎𝐴 𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝐵 = 𝑎𝐴 + 𝑎𝐵Τ𝐴

S
MO
Illustrative Problem 1:

RA
A ball is thrown vertically upward from a 12-m level in an

N
elevator shaft with an initial velocity of 18 𝑚Τ𝑠 at the same

O
instant, an open platform elevator passes thru the 5-m level,

YN
moving upward with a constant velocity of 2 𝑚Τ𝑠. Determine the

RE
following;
a. Where and when the ball hit the elevator
GR
b. The relative velocity of the ball with respect to the elevator
EN

when the ball hit the elevator

Illustrative Problem 2:

A man at A is hoisting a safe S as shown in Fig. 12–41 by walking

S
to the right with a constant velocity 𝑣𝐴 = 0.5 𝑚Τ𝑠. Determine the

MO
velocity and acceleration of the safe when it reaches the

RA
elevation of 10 m. The rope is 30 m long and passes over a small
pulley at D.

N
O
YN
RE
GR
EN
❑ CURVILINEAR MOTION OF PARTICLES (FLIGHT OF PROJECTILES)

S
MO
RA
N
O
YN
RE
GR
𝜃
EN
𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑡

1 2 𝜃

S
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡
2

MO
RA
2 2
𝑣1𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 − 2𝑔𝑦

N
2 2
𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 − 2𝑔𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥

O
YN
𝑔 𝑥2
𝑦 = 𝑥 tan 𝜃 − 2

RE
When height is max, 𝑣𝑦 = 0 2𝑣𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
GR
2
0= 𝑣𝑜𝑦 − 2𝑔𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 where y has a negative (-) sign
EN

2
𝑣𝑜𝑦
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
2𝑔
Illustrative Problem 1:

A shell leaves a mortar with muzzle velocity of 150 𝑚Τ𝑠𝑒𝑐

S
directed upward at 60° with the horizontal. Determine the

MO
position of the shell and its resulting velocity 20 seconds after

RA
firing. How high it will rise

N
O
YN
Illustrative Problem 2:

RE
A projectile is fired with an initial velocity of 60 𝑚Τ𝑠𝑒𝑐
GR
directed upward at an angle of 30° with the horizontal from a
point 72 meters above a level plain. What horizontal distance it
EN

will cover before it strikes the plain.

Illustrative Problem 3:

A boat moves with a constant velocity of 60 𝑚Τ𝑠 starting from the

S
position shown. Find the angle 𝜃 for the projectile to hit the

MO
boat 5 seconds after starting under the condition given. The

RA
projectile has an initial velocity of 𝑣𝑜 = 30 𝑚Τ𝑠. How high is the
hill above the water surface?

N
O
YN
𝜃

RE
GR
EN
❑ TANGENTIAL AND NORMAL COMPONENTS OF ACCELERATION

𝑑𝑣

S
𝑎𝑡 = 𝑎= 𝑎𝑛 2 + 𝑎𝑡 2

MO
𝑑𝑡

RA
𝑣2
𝑎𝑛 =
𝜌

N
O
YN
𝑎𝑡 = tangential component

RE
𝑎𝑛 = normal component GR
𝜌 = radius of curvature
EN

𝑐 = center of the curve path

 S
MO
𝜃

RA
𝜃 𝑎𝑦 cos 𝜃

N
O
YN
RE
𝑎𝑥 sin 𝜃
𝜃
GR
EN

𝜃
𝑎𝑦 sin 𝜃
𝑎𝑥 cos 𝜃
 𝑎𝑡 = 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝜃 + 𝑎𝑦 sin 𝜃 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑦 cos 𝜃 − 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝜃
𝑎𝑥 𝑣𝑥 𝑎𝑦 𝑣𝑦 𝑎𝑦 𝑣𝑥 𝑎𝑥 𝑣𝑦

S
𝑎𝑡 = +

MO
𝑉 𝑉 𝑎𝑛 = −
𝑉 𝑉

RA
𝑎𝑥 𝑣𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑣𝑦 𝑎𝑦 𝑣𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥 𝑣𝑦
𝑎𝑛 =

N
𝑎𝑡 = 𝑉
𝑉

O
YN
Illustrative Problem 1:

RE
A motorist is travelling on a curved section of highway of radius 750
meters at the speed of 100 kph. The motorist suddenly applies the
GR
brakes, causing the automobile to slowdown at a constant rate. If after
EN

8 seconds, the speed is 75 kph. Determine the tangential and normal

components of acceleration and acceleration after the brakes were
applied.
Illustrative Problem 2:
A car travels at a constant speed of 100 kph on a straight road of
increasing rate whose vertical profile can be approximated by the

S
equation 𝑦 = 0.0003𝑥 2 . When the cars horizontal coordinate is 𝑥 = 400𝑚,

MO
a. Determine the radius of curvature

RA
b. Determine the normal acceleration of the car
c. Determine the acceleration of the car

N
O
YN
RE
GR
EN
Illustrative Problem 3:
The position of a car racer during the interval of time 𝑡 = 0 to 𝑡 = 6
1
seconds is given by 𝑠 = − 𝑡 3 + 6𝑡 2 + 4𝑡 (𝑚)

S
2

MO
a. Determine the time when his maximum velocity occurs

RA
b. Determine his maximum velocity during this interval of time
c. Determine his acceleration when the velocity is maximum

N
O
YN
RE
GR
EN
Illustrative Problem 3:
A car increases its speed at a constant rate of 40 𝑚𝑝ℎ at A to 60 𝑚𝑝ℎ
at B

S
MO
a. Determine the total time of travel from A to B
b. Determine acceleration of the car when it has traveled along the

RA
road at a distance of 120 feet from A
c. Determine acceleration of the car when it has traveled along the

N
road at a distance of 160 feet from A

O
YN
RE
GR
EN