Theater stage.
Other times, lighting is used to
Theater - is an art form that involves live
performers, usually actors or actresses, to present
the experience of a real or imagined event in front
of an audience, usually in a particular pace, often a
stage.
The performers make use of carefully planned
actions or gestures, and speech combined with a
song or a music to convey emotions.
‘Mula Sa Buwan’: Philippine Theater’s return to form
ELEMENTS OF THEATER:
1. Actors - are the persons on stage who
portray specific characters for the audience.
2. Scenery or Scenography is mostly
integrated into the stage, which includes the
set of objects and scenery used to represent
the space in which the acts take place.
3. Audience are the witnesses of the
performance. Oftentimes, this element is
taken for granted but the truth is, the
audience plays an important role in that the
conception of a play is carried out based on
the cultural, social, and psychological
characteristics of the audience in mind.
4. Script - is the text that describes what
happens in the play in the form of dialogues.
5. Lighting helps mark the moments of
transition from one scene to another by
turning off the lights, but in some cases,
lightning gives meaning to the play. For
example, Spotlights are used to direct the
audience's attention to a certain point on the
generate patterns of colorful movements that
can fill the stage depending on the emotion
being portrayed in the story.
6. Make-up primarily beautifies the characters
although this is not always the case. In some
instances, make-up produces effects on the
actors' faces so that they adopt to different
expressions as conveyed in the story.
7. Wardrobe - is the costume that the actors
wear to express the character being
portrayed.
8. Sound - is composed of the music and
complementary sound effects that
accompany the story, which gives the
audience a better understanding of what is
happening in the story.
9. Voice Over - is a series of statements being
narrated by someone who is not in view of
the audience. It usually gives information
related to the development of the plot.
10. Director - supervises the actors and directs
the entire production. He is the person-in-
charge of coordinating the rest of the
elements of the theater, including the actions
that the actors must carry out to play their
characters.
FORM AND TYPES OF PHILIPPINE THEATER:
• Dulang Pahiyang is a theater that is not viewed as
a separate activity, but as a part of life.
 a) Rituals - are characterized as a way to
communicate with the Gods or spirits, which
Involves a shaman, usually a babaylan or an
albularyo, who calls the spirit and is being
possessed by that spirit.
b) Duplo - is a poetic joust in speaking and
reasoning, in which Balagtasan was derived
from.
c) Bayok - is a Maranao mimetic joust, whose
theme is reliant on the occasion when the
Joust is being performed.
d) Balitaw - is a poetic debate between a man
and a woman.
• Dulambayan or the People's Theater is considered
as the "theater in the context of social movements."
It depicts themes such as the current system of the
government, nationalist movements, and protests
and propagandas.
a) Drama Simboliko - Is the allegorical
nationalist drama, which began during the
American regime and was revived later on
during the Marcos regime.
b) Street Theater - is presented outside the
theater building and without a stage area.
Although this can be applied in rituals and
religious plays, political theater is also a
form of street theater.
• Teatrong Pansimbahan is focused on spirituality
and is usually performed based on the events
Implemented by the Church. Examples of this are:
Komedya of the Moriones, Dapit which portrays the
Washing of the Feet of Jesus, Flores or
Panunuluyan, Hudas or Osana, Sleta Palabaras or
Sinakulo, Salubong, etc.
• Theater as Arts is founded on Western models,
where theater is viewed as a profession. Examples
include: Puppet Theater, Opera, Musical, Drama,
and Comedy.
The following are plays with Spanish Influence:
Drama, Komedya, Sinakula, and Sarswela,
which is a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that
involves alternating spoken and sung scenes. Being
the most popular form of musical theater in the
Philippines, it includes sung scenes that incorporate
operatic and popular song with themes about the
domestic and social lives of the Filipinos.
It is important to note that the following types of
modern plays are original plays by Filipinos:
 1) Representational Style - Is a play that
makes an illusion of reality using well-
rounded characters, placing emphasis on the
individual's psychological or social
problems.

2) Presentational Style - Is a play that focuses

on discussing social issues and Ideas either
in

a) Documentary Style, which is

performed to connect historical
persons and events to the present;
and

b) Dula-Tula, which is a dramatic

monologue; or

c) Brechtian Theater, also known as

Theater of instruction, which
features a social orientation.

Reporters:

CALI, NORLAILA

PARAMATA, NORJEHANIE

TOMAWIS, AL-HUSSEIN