RESPIRATORY

SYSTEM
 RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM

The respiratory system, is the organ system in charge of gas exchange. It brings air containing oxygen
into the body and releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
 Nasal Cavity Nose

Larynx
Pharynx
Trachea
Alveoli
Bronchus

Lungs Bronchioles

Diaphragm

The conducting zone, which includes

the windpipe and pharynx, is a region
of the respiratory system that only
moves air in and out of the body and
is not a part of the gas exchange
process.
There are two openings in the nose: the Nostrils – serves as
the passageway of air into the body.

Nostrils open to the nasal cavity (are hollow cavities that

extend from the nostrils to the throat). The air is cleaned,
moistened, and warmed.

a. Coarse hair
b. Mucous membrane
c. cilia
 Pharynx (Throat)
Connects the nasal and oral cavities with the larynx
and esophagus.

The pharynx serves as the passageway of air and

food (pharynx is part of both the respirator and
digestive systems)

Three Regions:
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Larynx (voice box)
The larynx contains the vocal cords, which is involve in the production of sound.

Epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that guards the entrance to the larynx and prevents food
material entering the trachea
 Trachea (windpipe)
The trachea is a tube about 10 cm in length and 2.5
cm in diameter.

The rings of cartilage in the walls of the trachea keep

the air passage open.

The trachea is lined with a moist mucous

membrane layer composed of cells containing small
hairlike projections called cilia

The trachea serves as passage for air, moistens and

warms it while it passes into the lungs, and protects
the respiratory surface from an accumulation of
foreign particles.
 Bronchi

At the lower end of the trachea are two large hollow

branches called bronchi (singular: bronchus).

Bronchi are the branching pathway of air from the

trachea into the pair of lungs.
 Lungs

The lungs are the major organs of respiration.

The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs located

on either side of the chest cavity.

Separating the lungs from the chest wall is a

protective double-layered membrane called pleura.
The fluid secreted by this membrane prevents friction
between the lungs and the chest wall.

*The right lung is slightly larger than the left lung.

 Bronchioles

Bronchioles are air passages inside the lungs that

branch off like tree limbs from the bronchi.

The bronchioles deliver air to tiny sacs called alveoli.

 Alveoli (air sacs)

The alveoli are tiny, thin-walled bulbs at the end of the

bronchioles. Alveoli are the actual site of gas exchange

Each alveoli is surrounded by a network of capillaries. As

blood passes through capillaries, it gives up carbon
dioxide to the air sac and exchanges these waste for
oxygen from the alveoli.
 Diaphragm

The diaphragm, located below the lungs, is the major

muscle of respiration. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle
that contracts rhythmically and continually, and most of
the time, involuntarily.

It separates the abdominal cavity from the chest cavity.

REVIEW!
Mechanism of
Breathing
 Mechanism of Breathing
The process of breathing (respiration) is divided into two distinct phases:

Inhalation (inspiration) the process of taking in oxygen-rich air.

Exhalation (expiration) the process of giving out air that is rich in carbon dioxide.

*Air enters and leaves the body because of the changes in air pressure in the lungs.
* Air moves from area of greater pressure to area with lower pressure
Mechanism of Breathing

A. Inhalation (inspiration) B. Exhalation (expiration)

Mechanism of Breathing
1. When you inhale ( see figure A )
a. the rib cage moves ________________ ( inward / outward )
b. the diaphragm moves _____________ ( upward / downward )
c. there is now _______________ ( more / less ) space in the chest area
d. air rushes ________________ ( in / out ) of the lungs to fill the space

2. when you exhale ( see figure B )

a. the rib cage moves _______________ ( inward / outward )
b. the diaphragm moves _____________ ( upward / downward )
c. there is now ________________ ( more / less ) space in the chest area
d. because of this pressure air moves ______________ ( in / out ) of the lungs
ACTIVITY (learning packet)

Answer the following activities on your learning packet.

ACTIVITY 1.1.1 Complete Me

ACTIVITY 1.1.2 Concept Check
ACTIVITY 1.1.3
ACTIVITY 1.1.4

Deadline: Today at 11:59 pm