MTH3201: REAL ANALYSIS II − Sem II TRIAL QUESTIONS set III 2023/2024 1

Makerere University
Department of Mathematics
Date:14th March, 2024

1. (a) Show that the polynomials f0 (x) = 1, f1 (x) = x and f2 (x) = 23 x2 − 1

2 are orthogonal on the closed
interval [−1, 1].
(b) Let (
0, if −1 ≤ x < 0
f (x) =
1, if 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
Find the constants c0 , c1 and c2 such that s2 (x) = c0 f0 + c1 f1 + c2 f2 gives the best approximation
in the mean to f on [−1, 1]
2. (a) Let ϕ0 (x) = 1, ϕ1 (x) = x − a1 , ϕ2 (x) = x2 − a2 x − a3 . Determine the values of a1 , a2 and a3 such
that the set of functions {ϕo , ϕ1 , ϕ2 } is orthogonal on [0, 1].
(b) Find the polynomial of degrees less or equal to two(2) that best approximates f (x) = sin πt in the
mean on [0, 1].
3. (a) Show that the sequence {sin nx}, n ∈ N is orthogonal on [0, π].
(b) For f ∈ R[0, π], show that the Fourier series of f with respect to sequence {sin nx}, n ∈ N is given
∞ Rπ
bn sin nx where bn = π2 0 f (x) sin nxdx
P
by
n=1
(c) Find the Fourier series of f (x) = 3x on [0, π] in terms of the orthogonal sequence {sin nx}, n ∈ N.
4. (a) Show that the sequence of {1, cos nx}∞
n=1 is orthogonal on [0, π]
∞
(b) For f ∈ R[0, π] show that the Fourier series of the above sequence is given by 12 a0 +
P
an cos nx
n=1
2 π 2 π
R R
where a0 = π 0 f (x)dx and an = π 0 f (x) cos nxdx
(c) Find the Fourier series expansion of f (x) = 3x on [0, π] in terms of the orthogonal sequence
{1, cos nx}.
5. (a) Assuming that the orthogonal system {sin nx} is complete on [0, π]. Show that parseval’s equality
∞ Rπ Rπ
b2n = π2 0 (f (x))2 dx where bn = π2 0 f (x) sin xdx.
P
becomes
n=1
(b) Use Parseval’s equality and the indicated function to find the sum of the given series
∞
X 1
(i) , f (x) = 1
(2k − 1)2
k=1
∞
X 1
(ii) , f (x) = x.
k2
k=1

6. Find the Fourier series of each of the following functions f on [−π, π],
(a) (
−1, if −π < x < 0
f (x) =
1, if 0 ≤ x < π

(b) f (x) = |x|

(c) f (x) = 1 + x.