Muni University Department of Chemistry

CHM 3102: Solution Thermodynamics Course Test Two

29th May 2023 (10:00 – 11:12 Am) Examiner: Dr. Julius Matsiko
1. (a) Define the following terms as applied to phase equilibria;
(i) Phase
(1 mark) (ii)
Component (1 mark)
(iii) Degrees of freedom (1 mark)
(b) (i) State the phase rule and outline its limitations. (3 marks)
(ii) Determine the number of phases, components and degrees of
freedom for a system of a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen gases in a
vessel.
(2 marks) (c) (i) State the lever rule.
(1 mark) (ii) A mixture of 50 g of hexane (0.59 mol of
C 6 H 14 ) and 50 g of nitrobenzene (0.41 mol of C 6 H 5 NO2 ) was prepared at
290 K. What are compositions of the phases and in what proportions
do they occur. (3 marks) (iii) To what temperature must the
sample in c (ii) above be heated to obtain a single phase?
(2 marks) (d) (i) Explain the origin of
positive and negative deviations from Raoult’s law.
(2 marks) (ii) The following
temperature/composition data were obtained for a mixture of two liquids
A and B at 1.00 atm, where x is the mole fraction of the liquid and y is
the mole fraction of the vapor at equilibrium.
θ /℃ 125 130 135 140 145 150
xA 0.91 0.65 0.45 0.30 0.18 0.098
yA 0.99 0.91 0.77 0.61 0.45 0.25
The boiling points of A and B are 124 and 155 ℃ , respectively. Plot the
temperature composition diagram for the mixture. (3½
marks) (iii) What vapor composition is in equilibrium with a liquid
composition x B =0.33.
(½ mark)
2. (a) (i) State Henry’s law of gaseous solubility. (1 mark)
(ii) Explain the factors that affect the solubility of a gas in a given
liquid. (6
marks) (b) (i) What is steam distillation? (1
mark) (ii) Describe the principles of steam distillation. (3
marks) (iii) When a liquid which is completely immiscible with water was
steam distilled at 95.2 ℃ at a total pressure of 747.3 mmHg, the distillate
contained 1.27 g of the liquid per gram of water. Calculate
the molar mass of the liquid if the vapor pressure of water is 638.6
Muni University Department of Chemistry
CHM 3102: Solution Thermodynamics Course Test Two
29th May 2023 (10:00 – 11:12 Am) Examiner: Dr. Julius Matsiko
mmHg at the distillation temperature.
(3 marks) (c) (i) State the distribution law.
(2 marks) (ii) Briefly, describe how the distribution
constant of ammonia between water and trichloromethane can be
determined. (4 marks)