10. " 12, 413. 14. 16. 16. atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () References Intemational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) IEC 60751 (2008-07) Industrial platinum resistance thermometer sensors IEC 61000-4-2 (2008-12) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-2: Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test. IEC 61000-4-3 (2008-04) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-3, IEC 61000-4-4 2010-01) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test, IEC 61158 (200712) Fieldbus for industrial control systems - Part 2: Physical Layer standards and service definition. IEC 61131-3 (2003-01) Programmable controllers - Part 3: Programming languages IEC 61508: Functional Safety, Safety Related Systems NEC (National Electrical Code) Standard 500 ISA/ANSI $88.01 — Batch Control Part 1: Models and Terminology DIN 40 050 / IEC 529 / VDE 0470/ EN 60529 IEC 61158-2:Ed 3, Digital data communications for measurement and control - Fieldbus for use in Industrial control systems — Part 2: Physical layer standards and service definition IEC 61158-3:Ed 3, Digital data communications for measurement and control - Fieldbus for use in industrial control systems - Part 3: Data Link Service definition . IEC 6118-4: Ed 3, Digital data communications for measurement and control - Fieldbus for use in industrial control systems - Part 4: Data Link Protocol specification. IEC 61158-5: Ed 3, Digital data communications for measurement and control - Fieldbus for use in industrial control systems - Part 5: Application Layer Service definition, 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 206 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () 7 Electrical Systems 7.1 Switchgears This section describes major electrical equipment installed on NWC infrastructure. NWC water quality equipment and pump stations use a great deal of medium-voltage switchgear. 7.1.1 Codes and standards lec 61869-2 IEC 61869-3 lec 60051 IEC 60073 IEC 60255-21-1 IEC 60376 lec 60502-1 IEC 60529 IEC 60947-5-1 IEC 61850 IEC 62271-1 IEC 6271-100 IEC 6271-200 ANSWIEEE 037.202 IEEE €57.13.2 00_TES_SD_006.01 Instrument Transformers, Part 1: Current Transformers, Instrument Transformers, Part 2: Inductive Voltage Transformers Direct Acting Indicating Analog Electrical Measuring Instruments and their Accessories Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification-Coding Principles for indication devices and actuators Vibration, shock, bump and seismic tests on measuring relays and protection equipment- Section one: Vibration tests (sinusoidal) Specification of technical grade sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) for use in electrical equipment Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages from 1 kV (Um =1.2 kV) up to 30 kV (Um = 36 kV) Part 4 Cables for rated voltages of 1 kV (Um = 1.2 kV) and 3 KV (Um = 3.6 kV) Degree of Protection provided by enclosure (IP Code) Low-Voltage Switchgear and Control gear, Part 5: Control Circuit Devices and Switching Elements, Section 1: Electromechanical Control Circuit Devices ‘Communication networks and systems in substations High-voltage switchgear and control gear-Part 1: Common specifications High-voltage switchgear and control gear-Part 100: Alternating current circuit-breakers High-voltage switchgear and control gear - Part 200: AC Metal- Enclosed Switchgear and Control gear for Rated Voltages above ‘kV and up to and including 52kV Metal-clad Switchgear IEEE Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Instrument Transformers Page 207 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () 7.1.2 Design considerations Medium-Voltage Switchgear (3.3 KV up to 36 kV) ‘Switchgear refers to switching and interrupting devices alone or in combination with other associated control, metering, protective, and regulating equipment. A power switchgear assembly is a complete assembly of one or more of these devices and main bus conductors, interconnecting wiring, accessories, supporting structures, and enclosures. Two types of medium-voltage switchgear are available: " Metal-clad switchgear (circuit breakers) "Metal enclosed Fused Load interrupter switchgear (fused switches). Both are available for either indoor or outdoor installation. Metal-Clad Switchgear Metal-clad switchgear is an assembly of drawout vacuum circuit breakers or SF6, auxiliary equipment, metering equipment, and insulated copper bus bars enclosed in a rigid metal assembly. Each compartment in the assembly is isolated from all other others by grounded metal barriers. The circuit breakers are horizontal drawout type on rails. The breakers are operated by a motor-charged, spring- stored energy mechanism. The mechanism is front accessible and is charged by a universal electric motor and (in an emergency) by a manual handle. Each circult breaker contains three vacuum interrupters operated by a common linkage. A source of control power must be provided to the circuit breakers. For utlity and other critical installations, this control power is generally 24 V or 110/230 V DC/AC. Control power of 230V AC can also be used, with each breaker provided with a small capacitive or other stored-energy device to ensure tripping power. Metal-clad switchgear should be provided as the service entrance equipment for all medium-voltage distribution systems that require more than one main device and more than two feeder devices downstream of each main device. Metal-clad switchgear should also be provided where large motors are served direclly from the medium- voltage distribution system. Metal-Enclosed Fused Load Interrupter Metal-enclosed fused load interrupter switchgear includes interrupter switches, power fuses, bare bus and connections, instrument and control power transformers, and all necessary wiring and accessories. Metal-enclosed interrupter switchgear is used for all medium-voltage distribution systems not using metal-clad switchgear. Where circuit requirements are 600A or less and up to 36 KV or less, pad-mounted interrupter switchgear should be used to make transformer taps and dual-source selective switching at pad-mounted transformers. Protection and metering shall be microprocessor based with integrated digital metering and display, as well as communications capability for remote display via the control system. Provide at minimum the following signals to the control system for monitoring and alarming: "Closed / open status of main and tie breakers. "Breaker / Relay fail status. Consider closed-door racking for all medium-voltage switchgear. Low-Voltage Switchgear (Power Distribution) Two types of low-voltage enclosed switchgear are used in power distribution systems: metal-enclosed, low voltage power circuit switchgear, and power switchboards. panel boards are used for multiple small 400V loads. Most panel boards provide 230V 1-phase power. 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 208 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () "Switchgear connected directly to utility services must be service entrance rated, © Instrument Transformers Instrument transformers include all the current transformers (CT's) and potential transformers (PT's) required for both metering and protection purposes. Current transformers shall be mounted in the breaker compartment around the stationary main contacts and shall have their thermal and mechanical rating capable of withstanding the short circuit rating of the associated circuit breakers, They shall be accessible from the front of the switchgear assembly, There shall be one CT per phase. The metering accuracy of the CT's shall be 0.3 B-0.2 as a minimum. Burden factor of 0.2 ohm shall be increased to higher values as needed for the application for protection duty, sensors’ accuracy class shall not be less than C100, and shall be increased as required by the application to comply with Class C. C1's used for metering and protection shall fulfil the accuracy requirements for both duties. Potential transformers with their primary and secondary fuses shall be mounted inside the switchgear's instrument compartment. Accuracy shall be 0.3WX0.6Y1.2Z, as a minimum. The fuses shall be of the pull out, type. Potential transformers shall be connected in open delta with their secondary at 230 V. Current and potential transformers shall be wired to test blocks. Whenever an instrument transformer is connected to more than one device, there shall be one test block for every device. Potential transformers shall be grounded at the input side of the test block. = Controls ® Control potential transformer with pull-out type primary (two fuses) and secondary fuse shall be mounted inside the switchgear instrument compartment. "Control and timing relays shall be of the plug-in type. Timing relays shall be solid state. = Communication Review the requirement for Ethernet communication of relays and metering devices on a case-by-case basis. "Power Connections = Two hole, long barrel, tin-plated, copper, NEMA standard spacing compression type lugs and cable support brackets for the incoming and outgoing cables. "Where an incoming bus duct is specified, suitable flanges shall be provided "Provide removable conductive gland plate (nonmagnetic and non-conductive for single conductors) = Control Wiring = Control wiring shall be 14 AWG minimum, single conductor, stranded copper having 600 volts, flame retardant insulation, SIS switchboard type. "Current transformer wiring shall be 10 AWG minimum, single conductor, stranded copper having 600 votts, flame retardant insulation. "All external connections shall be via terminal blocks. Provide a minimum of 25% spare terminals 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 209 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021caporouanasin: @ ) National Water Company (CU Motal-Enclosed Switchgear Metal-enclosed low-voltage power circuit switchgear is constructed according to Specification 26 23 00. It features individually mounted air break power circuit breakers in draw out construction. Power circuit breakers both with and without current limiting fuses are available. Circuit breakers are equipped with solid-state tripping systems and offer a wide range of adjustability. For more details on switchgear, see Specification 26 24 13, Metal-enclosed, low-voltage power circuit switchgear should be used where the available fault current exceeds 50 kA symmetrical at 400V or 65 kA symmetrical at 230V. Switchboards Power switchboards are available in either group or individually mounted configurations. The group-mounted configuration is normally used for small boards and in commercial construction, Both are constructed according to NEMA PB-2. The main circuit protective devices in group-mounted switchboards are either fixed or drawout-mounted, but the branch devices are all fixed-mounted. The main device is a molded case circuit breaker, a molded case circuit breaker with solid-state trip units, an air break power circuit breaker, or a bolted pressure switch. The branch devices are either molded case circult breakers, with or without solid-state trip units, or fused switches. The standard short circuit rating for group-mounted switchboards is 50 kA RMS (root mean square) symmetrical, but higher ratings are available. For more details on switchboards, see DSG Specification 26 24 13, Both the main and feeder circuit protective devices should be draw out type in individually mounted configurations. The standard short circuit rating for switchboards with individually mounted draw out circuit breakers is 50 kA RMS symmetrical, but higher ratings are available. ‘Switchboards with group-mounted circuit protective devices should be used where’ "Main bus rating is 800A or less. "Fault current available is less than 50 kA RMS symmetrical. "Feeder and/or branch circuit protective devices are all 225A or less. Where the main bus rating must be greater than 800A and feeder breakers of 400A or larger are required, switchboards with individually mounted circuit protective devices should be used if the fault current available is 50 kA RMS symmetrical or less. ‘Where higher fault currents are available, metal-enclosed, low-voltage power circuit switchgear should be used. Panel boards Power distribution panel boards are usually 400V or 230V, 3-phase, 3-wire with 3-pole breakers serving small loads such as gate operators or automatic valves. If 230V power is needed, usually for lighting in commercial buildings, then a 4-wire panel board should be installed. Otherwise, panel boards should be installed as necessary to provide power to the loads shown on the drawing. 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 210 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt ) National Water Company Cc 7.2 Transformers 7.2.1 Codes and standards lec 61869-1 Instrument Transformers, Part 1: Current Transformers Instrument Transformers, Requirements for Protective Current TEC 61869-6 Transformers for Transient Performance lec 60076 Power Transformers IEC 60137 Insulated Bushings for Alternating Voltages above 1000V. ec eo2t4s Tap Changers Part 1: Performance Requirements and Test Methods IEC 60214-2 ‘Tap Changers Part 2 : Application Guide lec 60507 Atal Potion Tests on High Voltage Insulators to be used on IEC 60529 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code) IEC TR60616 Terminal and Tapping Markings for Power Transformers IEC 6076-7 Loading Guide for Oil mmersed Power Transformers IEEE c57,12.00 General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power and Regulating Transformers. Requirements for Transformers, 230kV and below, 833/958 through 8333/10417 KVA, Single Phase; and 750/862 through 60 000/80 IEEE C57.12.10 000/100 000 kVA, 3-Phase without Load Tap Changing: and 3750/4687 through 60000/80000/100000 kVA with Load Tap Changing ~ Safety Requirement IEEE 57.12.70 Terminal Markings and Connections for Distribution and Power Transformers Test Code for Liquid Immersed Distribution, Power and Regulating IEEE C57.12.90 Transformers and Guide for Short Circuit Testing of Distribution and Power Transformers Guide for Liquid-Immersed Transformer Through-Fault-Current IEEE C57.109 Duration 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 211 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () IEEE C5713 Requirements for Instrument Transformers NFPA 70 National Electrical Code IEEE 57.19.00 General Requirements and Test Procedure for Outdoor Power Apparatus Bushings eee C5791 IEEE Loading Guide for Loading Mineral-OiLimmersed Transformers. Transformers, Regulators and Reactors. Cigre Brochure NEMA-TR-1 Mechanical Condition Assessments of Transformer # 342 (April 2008) Windings using Frequency Response Analysis. SASOISSA 421 Testing Methods for Power Transformers SASOISSA 422 Power Transformers 54-TMSS-01 Mineral Insulating Oil for Electrical Apparatus 50-TMSS-01 Current Transformer (CT) up to 380kV 53-TMSS-03 Online Gas Analyzer 31-TMSS-06 Terminal Blocks 7.2.2. Design considerations General Its recommended to provide 25% spare capacity for future use, although in cases where future loads are not expected, NWC may approve reduction of the spare capacity. = Percent Impedance (%Z) in accordance with Standard. "Copper windings only. "All three phase transformers to be delta-wye unless otherwise approved by the NWC. = Specify the relevant standards for each transformer installation, * Outdoor liquid filled transformers "Provide protection on both primary and secondary side to allow for better coordination. "Secondary neutral terminal bushing is required, The neutral must be fully rated for all neu- tral grounding resistor applications. = Provide surge arrestors on the primary side of the transformer. = When a Neutral Grounding Resistor (NGR) is required, the NGR shall be mounted exter- nally outside on the tank cover. The NGR enclosure shall be stainless steel and NEMA 3- R rated. 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 212 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/202100_TES_SD_006.01 atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () Primary terminal bushings shall be suitable for cable connections. Secondary terminals shall be tinned copper bus bars for connecting secondary cables or cable bus duct / bus way. The transformer core shall be cold rolled grain oriented steel laminations, ‘Windings shall be disc type and not layer type. Transformer shall withstand thermally and mechanically a two second short circuit at its secondary terminals. Transformer shall be equipped with all standard metering, pressure relief, and CTs as re~ quired by project and as per drawings. Transformer shall be provided with stainless steel grounding pads at two diagonally oppo- site ends. Transformer shall be equipped with oil filing, drain and sampling valves. Transformer shall be equipped with oil level monitoring gauge with alarm contacts. Transformer shall be equipped with de-energized tap changer on primary winding. The tap changer should be functional to -40°C ambient temperature operation. At minimum two taps above and two taps below at 2.5% increments shall be provided. All taps shall be full capacity Applications requiring a load-tap changer (LTC) are beyond the scope of this design guide. Protection Requirements — Provide at minimum: Primary and secondary overcurrent protection ‘Winding temperature indicator with alarm and trip contacts. ‘Sudden pressure relay for sealed-tank design transformers. \Vacuumipressure gauge for sealed-tank design transformers. Provide differential protection for transformers rated § MVA and above. Differential protec- tion for smaller transformers may be evaluated on a case by case basis. Additional transformer protection Is appropriate for many applications, especially for larger transformers. Apply protection in accordance with good engineering design practice. Dry-Type Transformers Dry type transformers should preferably be installed in indoor spaces. Enclosure: NEMA 1 is typical. Specify NEMA 2 drip-proof or sprinkler-proof enclosure or NEMA 3R where required, Ensure adequate space for ventilation is provided Provide at minimum two taps above and two taps below at 2.5% increments, full capacity. Protection Requirements — Provide at minimum: Primary and secondary overcurrent protection Winding temperature indicator with one probe in the centre winding, with alarm and trip contacts for transformers >= 150 kVA. For transformers >= 1000 kVA, provide a digital temperature monitoring unit with one probe in each winding, giving instantaneous temperature readings for each winding, average Page 213 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () readings and maximum reading recorded. Unit shall provide three 230 V ac, 10A, dry con- tacts for alarm and trip indication. All contacts shall have an adjustable temperature set point. Review the requirement for surge arrestors on the transformer primary terminals. Review the requirement for K-rated transformers in harmonic environments. Electrostatic shield between high voltage and low voltage windings, connected to the en- closure ground bar, except that the use of electrostatic shields shall be reviewed in high harmonic environments. Lifting hooks for lifting complete transformer assembly. ‘Where required, neutral grounding resistors shall be made of stainless steel, completely protected by a hot dip galvanized enclosure, and mounted on top of the transformers. The grounding resistors shall be insulated for the full line to line voltage and hot spot tem- perature rise, above 30°C ambient, shall be limited to 385°C for continuous rating, and 760°C for 1-minute rating, Neutral connection shall be made with 2/0 AWG copper conductors (minimum), insulated for the transformer secondary line to line voltage. Color of insulation shall be green. Provision shall be made for field installation of NGR current transformer on live side of NGR. 7.3 Motors, starters and controllers 7.3.1 Codes and standards 1EC-60034 TEC 60034-1 IEC 60034.2 Ic 60034-5 IEC 60034-6 IEC 60034-7 IEC 60034-8 IEC 60034-9 00_TES_SD_006.01 Rotating Electrical Machines Rating And Performance Methods For Determining Losses And Efficiency Of Rotating Electrical Machinery From Tests Degrees Of Protection By Enclosure For Rotating Machinery Methods Of Cooling Rotating Machinery Classifications Of Types Of Construction And Mounting Arrangements Of Rotating Electrical Machinery Terminal Marking And Direction Of Rotation Of Rotating Electrical Machines Noise Limits Page 214 of 565, Issue Date 31/10/20211.C60034-11 IEC 60034-15, 1.60034-14 IEC 60050 IEC 60072 Iso 281 NEMA-MG 1-98 NEMA-MG 2-01 atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () Built-In Thermal Protection Impulse Voltage Withstand Levels Of Rotating A.C. Machines With Form- Wound Stator Coils Mechanical Vibration Of Certain Machines With Shaft Heights 56 Mm And Higher Measurement, Evaluation And Limits Of The Vibration Severity International Electro technical Vocabulary Dimensions and Output Series For Electrical Machines Part 1 Frame Number 56 To 400 And Flange Numbers 55 To 1080 Part 2 Frame Number 355 To 1000 And Flange Numbers 1180 To 2360 Part 3 Small Built-In Motors - Flange Numbers Bf 10 To Bf 50, Roller Bearings - Method Of Evaluating Dynamic Load Ratings Motors And Generators Safely Standard And Guide For Selection, Installation And Use Of Electric Motors And Generators 7.3.2 Design considerations General Requirements for all motors All motors are to have a service factor of 1.15 under normal full voltage operation. "Operating Temp Class B (130°C) "Insulation Class F "Terminal boxes rated NEMA 4. "Motors must meet or exceed the efficiencies outlined in either Table 2 (energy efficient) or Table 3 (premium efficiency), depending on their design General Duty motors for non-process equipment are to have the following requirements: | TEFC enclosures. Process motor requirements include: = TEFC enclosures. "Suitable for moist and corrosive locations. Motors for use with a variable frequency drive: 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 215 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () = TEFC enclosures. "Suitable for moist and corrosive locations. = Inverter duty rated, in conformance with NEMA MG1. "Ensure that the driven load is not rated at more than 85% of the motor’s effective service rating. "Ensure motors have adequate cooling over the operating speed range. "Motors larger than 150 kW (200 hp.) shall have an insulated bearing on the non-driven end (NDE) when driven by VFD. Explosion-proof motor requirements include: "Rated for Class |, Zone 4 (or Div. 1) as applicable, "Provide an approved breather / drain device at the motor drain hole. Motor voltage Levels Preferred motor power for voltage level is shown in below table Table 22 - Voltage levels vs. motor power Voltage Level Minimum Maximum 230V 1 Phase : 0.37 KW (OS hp) 400 V 3 Phase 0.37 KW (0.5 hp) 250 KW (350 hp) 4166 613.8 250 KW (850 hp) "5595 KW (7500 hp) Note: "Motor sizes outside of the preferred ranges should be reviewed and approved by NWC prior to finalizing the design. | Three-phase motors are preferred over single-phase motors. = Utilize ble, her voltage motors where the higher voltage is av: Special Requirements The use of oversized terminal boxes is desirable. Size of power cable will have an influence in the size of the terminal box and must be taken into account. Motor winding temperature protection should generally be provided for motors 75 kW (100 hp.) and above. Provide RTD Winding Temperature Detectors embedded in the stator for motors above 150 kW (200 hp.). Pro- Vide a dedicated terminal box separate from the motor box for termination of the RTD leads. Motors less than 150 kW (200 hp.) may utilize thermistors. Specify motors equipped with anti-condensation heaters in the following cases: = Medium voltage motors ™ Low voltage motor above 37 kW (50 hp.), where the motors could potentially not be oper- ating for a significant period of time in an area with high humidity. 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 216 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () 7.3.3. Type of starters Acceptable Methods of Control The following methods of control are deemed to be acceptable, as per application requirements. Other methods of control require specific approval of NWC. "Full Voltage Direct On Line (DOL) - Fixed speed "Star Delta - Fixed Speed "Soft Start — Fixed speed "Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) ~ Variable speed "= Autotransformer. The use of magnetic couplings or eddy current drives may be acceptable for certain applications where the variable speed requirements are limited (~85% - 100% speed). Review would be required on a case-by-case basis. Contactors = All full voltage motor starter contactors shall be NEMA rated contactors. "NEMA labelled IEC style contactors are acceptable for most applications. IEC style contactors are permitted for the following applications: "Soft Starter isolation contactors. "Soft starter bypass contactors. For applications in water collections, water flood pumping, or land drainage, where IEC contactors are utilized for bypass or isolation purposes, they shall, at minimum, be sized as follows "One size larger than required, or = 125% of FLA, Typical special motor control requirements are as per Table 5-2, however the control of each motor shall be reviewed in light of the specific application requirements. Most water flood pumping stations have a special requirement in that the motors cannot be tested at full speed during a non-flood event as this would pump water to the nearby water course. Motor Restart Control Motor control circuits are to be designed to have anti-restart prevention, to prevent or delay automatic immediate restart after a stop or power failure situation. The purpose is to prevent restart of the motor while residual voltage ould still be present in the motor. For motors 75 kW (100 hp.) or greater, provide motor restart prevention. As per NEMA MG1 guidelines, motor restart shall be prevented until 1.5x the motor open circuit ime constant. The delay could potentially be accomplished via a three-wire control (stop/start) control arrangement, timers to delay restart, or potentially an under voltage relay with a restart time. General Protection Requirements The typical protection requirements for various applications are identified in the next table. Note that the below isa general guide, and additional protection requirements may be required for specific applications. See Special protection requirements for some special protection requirements. 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 217 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021National Water Company Suballaltall 6S Cc Table 23 - Motor rating and corresponding required protection levels Application Rating Protection 600V motors, <75 KW (100 hp.) Overload general service Ground Fault (zero-sequence CT) =75kW(100hp.) Overload << 187 KW (250 hp.) Overcurrent Locked Rotor Ground Fault (zero-sequence CT) Winding Temperature (Thermistor or RTD) > 187 KW (250 hp.) Overload Overcurrent Locked Rotor Ground Fault (zero-sequence CT) Winding Temperature (RTD) 600V motors, critical < 50 hp. Electronic Overload service 37 KW (60 hp.) Electronic Overload <75 kW (100 hp.) Ground Fault (zero-sequence CT) 75 KW (100hp.) Overload < 187 KW(250hp.) Overcurrent Locked Rotor Ground Fault (zero-sequence CT) Winding Temperature (RTO) ‘Overload Overcurrent Locked Rotor Ground Fault (zero-sequence CT) Winding Temperature (RTO) Bearing Temperature Medium Voltage <746 KW (1000 hp.) | Overload Motor, non-critical Overcurrent service Locked Rotor Ground Fault (zero-sequence CT) Phase Balance Under voltage Winding Temperature (RTD) 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 218 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021National Water Company Suballaltall 6S Cc Application Rating Protection ‘Medium Voltage <746 KW (1000 hp.) | Overload Motor, critical ser- Overcurrent vice Locked Rotor Ground Fault (zero-sequence CT) Phase Balance under voltage: Winding Temperature (RTD) Bearing Vibration Bearing Temperature Special Protection Requirements Special motor protection requirements for specific applications are identified in Table 24. Note that the table is, not comprehensive and a review of the protection requirements for special applications is required on a case by case basis. Special protection requirements are in addition to standard protection requirements discussed in Section general protection requirements. Table 24 - Special protection requirements table Application Rating Protection ‘Submersible Pumps > 2.2 KW (3 hp.) Humidity / leak —Process P>TSKW(10hp) | Humidity/leak Applications Winding Temperature (switch) (>= 75 KW (100 hp.) | Humidity 7 leak (in applicable compartments such as connection housing / stator / oll) Winding Temperature (RTD) Bearing Temperature >= 186 KW (250 hp.) | Humidity 7 leak (in applicable compartments such as connection housing / stator / oil) Winding Temperature (RTD) Bearing Temperature Bearing vibration Local Controls Motor Driven Equipment - Single Speed = Small motors (Not pumps) Install a Hand-Off-Auto (H/OIA) or On/Off switch at the MCC/Starter as appropriate. "Pump motors (< 37 KW (50 hp.)) Install a Hand-Off-Auto (H/OIA) switch at the MCC/Starter Provide a blue Ready pilot light to indicate the motor is ready to run. 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 219 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () Install an E-Stop mushroom pushbutton at the starter, pump and motor levels. Provide a Reset pushbutton to allow the pump to restart, "Pump motors (>= 37 kW (50 hp.)) Install a Manual/Auto (M/A) and Start/Stop buttons at the MCC/Starter Provide a blue Ready pilot light to indicate the motor is ready to run. Install an E-Stop mushroom pushbutton at the starter, pump and motor levels. Provide a Reset pushbutton to allow the pump to restart, = In addition, if a soft starter and bypass starter are provided Install a Soft Start / Bypass switch at the starter. Motor Driven Equipment - VFD Drive = Pump motors (< 37 kW (50 hp.)) Install a HIO/A switch at the VFD starter. Provide a blue Ready pilot light to indicate the motor is ready to run. Install a manual speed potentiometer to be utlized in Hand mode. Install an E-Stop mushroom pushbutton at the starter, pump and motor levels, Provide a Reset pushbutton to allow the pump to restart. Pump motors (>= 37 kW (50 hp.)) Install a Manual/Auto (M/A) and Start/Stop buttons at the MCC/Starter Provide a blue Ready pilot light to indicate the motor is ready to run. Install a manual speed potentiometer to be utlized in Hand mode. Install an E-Stop mushroom pushbutton at the starter, pump and motor levels. Provide a Reset pushbutton to allow the pump to restart, "In addition, if a bypass starter is provided: Install a VFD / Bypass switch at the VFD starter. Notes: 1. For motors > 50 hp., momentary Start / Stop provided to ensure motor does not restart after brief power interruption, as is possible if a Hand position is provided. 2. Additional safety controls may be required for equipment with safety requirements. An emergency-stop switch is considered to be a minimum when there is a potential safety risk. Water Treatment Plants Motor Driven Equipment — gle Speed = Small motors (< 37 kW (50 hp,)), continuous operation Install a Manual-Off-Automatic (M/O/A) switch at the MCC/Starter Install a local disconnect switch at the motor, but ensure the disconnect short circuit current rating (SCCR) is appropriate = small motors (< 37 KW (50 hp.)), standby operation Install a Manual-Off-Automatic (M/OIA) switch at the MCCiStarter Install a local disconnect switch at the motor with auxiliary contact wired to provide indication ifthe motor is not ready. Ensure the disconnect SCCR is appropriate = small motors (< 37 kW (50 hp.)) with froquent disconnect maintenance requirements (weekly or more). 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 220 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () Install a local disconnect switch with an auxiliary contact interlocked to the control circuit. Ensure the disconnect, SCCR is appropriate. Install local controls (L/R or M/O/A) adjacent to the equipment to allow personnel to stop and start the motor. | Medium size and larger motors (>= 37 kW (50 hp.)) Install a Loca/Remote (L/R) and Start/Stop station at the equipment. Motor Driven Equipment - VED Drive "Ifthe VED is located in the electrical room and the equipment has normal maintenance requirements: Install a M/OIA switch at the equipment. "If the VFD is located in the electrical room, and the equipment has frequent disconnect maintenance requirements (weekly or more) and is < 37 kW (50 hp.) and SCCR < 10kA, and is not in a corrosive location, Install a local disconnect switch with an auxiliary contact interlocked to the VFD control circuit Install local controls (L/R with Start/Stop or M/O/A) adjacent to the equipment. (See Note 1) "Ifthe VED is located near to the equipment Install a local disconnect switch for the VED. Local / Remote and Start / Stop or M/O/A switches at the VED. Notes: 1. For motors >= 37 kW (50 hp.), momentary Start / Stop provided to ensure motor does not restart after brief power interruption, as is possible if a Hand position is provided. 2. Where an Emergency Stop pushbutton is provided together with local control, the equipment shall utilize a Local / Remote set of control modes, with separate Start and Stop pushbuttons. Equipment shall not restart automatically upon the Emergency Stop pushbutton being released, but rather require a sepa- rate restart action from either a local Start/Reset pushbutton or a start or reset action from the HMI 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 221 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt ) National Water Company Cc 7.4 Lighting 7.4.1 Codes and standards The following codes and standards are intended to provide an acceptable level of quality for materials and products. The Contractor may propose alternative code and standards providing they give an equivalent degree of quality as the referenced codes and standards and are submitted for Owner review and approval in advance of their use. All equipment furnished under these specifications shall conform to the appropriate standards listed below: NEC National Electrical Code lec International Electrotechnical Commission les lluminating Engineering Society ANSI ‘American National Standards Institute ASTM ‘American Sociely for Testing and Materials ASHREA/IESNA American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers 90.1 — 99, lecc International Energy Conservation Code, Code, 2000 7.4.2. Principals of lighting design Lighting Systems For NWC, three different lighting systems apply: (1) general illumination; (2) emergency/standby; and (3) exit signing. Lighting Design Software, by Approved vendor. may be used to calculate and design both interior and exterior illumination. General Illumination General illumination refers to the lighting needed for visual tasks in and around a facility, see NEC table 220.12 General Lighting Loads by Occupancy and Table 220.42 Lighting Load Demand Factors for design calculations. Lighting for general illumination can be provided by various sources depending on the visual tasks anticipated, lighting levels required, mounting height of the luminaires, and frequency of use. Illumination should be supplied by a source that provides the highest light output (lumens) per watt of input power (efficacy), and reasonable color rendition for the tasks in the area. Fixture Type Selection "The types of lighting fixtures and their mounting methods shall be selected to satisfy the various project requirements and conditions. Particular attention to color renditions, light distribution and stroboscopic effects is needed when choosing the type of lamps, starting system, Table 25controls and reflection accessories. Due consideration shall also be given to the provision of proper re-lamping facilities. "Refer to Table 25 for a general comparison of various fixture types. 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 222 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021Table 25 - Brief atballoliall Spt susteuntcean () Fluorescent fixtures are preferred for most indoor applications as they provide instant on capabilly. Light fixtures must be selected for the correct environment and installed (mounted) to facil- itate lamp replacement and maintenance. Selection of accessories and other related ma- terials must also bear the same degree of protection and be properly installed. Refer to Table 25 for fixture selection for various applications. Note that the specific re- quirements of each application must be considered prior to final selection. Where an alter- nate type of lighting is proposed, review the proposed selection with NWC. The final number and array of fixtures used in the final required design must be supported by calculation using recognized methods; the use of vendor software is acceptable. The final design must ensure that the illumination levels will be met and maintained for the spec- ifled maintenance requirements and re-lamping intervals. comparisons of main types of fixtures Type Efficacy Lamp Color Instant ON Notes Life rendering (hrs.) Index (CRI) Fluorescent 80-100 | 24k—40k | 80-90 Yes Not Suitable for Outdoor High Pressure 100 — 24k—30k | 22 No Not recommended for indoor Sodium (HPS) 130 LED 70-140 | 50k—70k | 65-85 Yes Metal Halide | 70-120 | 12k—20k | 65-90 No (MH) Means of Lighting Control "The method of lighting control to be utilized is dependent upon the application. "Refer to Table 26 for main potential methods of lighting control. Note that the list is not exhaustive. "Refer to Table 27 for typical lighting controls and illumination requirements. Note that this table is not deemed to be mandatory, and each application should be reviewed with NWC. Table 26 - Lighting Control methods Legend Method Description ‘AO ‘Always ON’ Lighting is always on. Ms Master Switch Contactors are utilized to switch multiple circuits from one switch. Del MSPDO | Master Switch Partial | A master switch is utilized, but upon turning the lighting off, a portion of lay Off the lighting remains on for a time delay. In the event that someone is still in the building, this provides the occupants opportunity to exit. 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 223 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021duballoliall aS pis National Water Company os ‘Occupancy Sensor | An occupancy sensor is utlized to control lighting in the room. Timers are typically involved PC Photocell Control The lighting is controlled by ambient light s Switch Standard switches are utilized for each lighting circuit ‘The switches may be a 3-wayi4-way circuit as required. ‘SIAO | Switched/Always On Combination switched lighting and partial always on. Also known as a nightlighting arrangement T Timer The lighting turns on and off via a timer TO Timer with Override | The lighting tums on and off via a timer, but an override system is present to allow personnel to turn the lighting on during typical off hours. TOIA | Timer with Override | Same as TO, except that a night-lighting circuit is present to provide a Partial lighting al | low level of base lighting ways on llumination Levels = Ilumination levels must meet or exceed requirements of building codes and fire safety norms for exit lighting. "Refer to Table 27 for recommend illumination levels for various applications and related control methods. Table 27 - Illumination and control requirements All Offices 500 s Control Rooms 500 SIAO Laboratory 300 s ‘Stairways 200 TOIAO Corridors 200 SITOIAO Building Entrances 75 Photocell Roads 5-10 Photocell Parking Lots 25 Photocell Workshop SITOIAO 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 224 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021auiballolall Spits National Water Company (CU Facility Type Area Recommended Illu- Control mination (lux) ‘Outdoor Electrical Substation 300 ‘SiPhotocell Mechanical Rooms (HVAC) 250 ‘S/AO Process Area 300 SITOIAO General Not Specified 300 s Pump Station —_ Electrical Room 300 s Pump Room 150 - 250 MSPDO ‘Areas not accessed for regular mainte- | 100 s nance Exterior equipment such as valve actuator. | 50 s Luminaires Many types of luminaires are available, NWC prefers those described here, LED General LED bulbs should be most preferred for indoor and outdoor lighting applications, including hazardous classified areas, The keys to LED lighting are its energy savings and overall cost reductions. An LED can cut energy use by more than 80 percent compared to conventional incandescent lights and last more than 25 times longer than traditional light bulbs. Like fluorescent lighting, NWC uses color temperatures: 2700k-3200k for warm white, 4000k~4500k for natural white, and §500k-6000k for day white, Although 5500k lamps produce a higher ight output per watt, 3500k and ‘450k lamps are recommended for most applications because they provide good to very good color (CRI>= 70) with high efficiency. Design Considerations The typical LED lighting fixture is straightforward for traditional lighting applications in nonhazardous environ- ments. However, LEDs used in areas classified as hazardous have a variety of models depending on wattages and budgets. An electrical engineer must always use caution when editing electrical specifications such as lumens, color temperatures, and heat dissipation requirements in hazardous environments. Fluorescent General Fluorescent lamps should be used for indoor locations if LED lighting cannot fit in a project's requirements. Fluorescent lamps are available in several types and each has very specific characteristics. Because of their relatively long life expectancy, these lamps are often used in 48-inch, 32-watt, T8, TS, and various compact fluorescent (CF) type lamps. Consider using CF types for hazardous locations 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 225 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () NWC uses fluorescent lamps with 300k, 3500k, and 4100k color temperatures. Although 5000k lamps produce a higher light output per watt that approximates noon-time sunlight, 3500k and 4100k lamps are recommended for most applications because they provide good to very good color with high efficiency. Design Considerations Fluorescent luminaires used indoors should be one of four basic types: "Recessed type with a lens (or parabolic louver) "Surface type with a lens (or parabolic louver) ™ Open-chassis type "Enclosed and gasketed. All lenses should be 100% clear acrylic. All fluorescent luminaires should be specified with electronic ballasts. Recessed Fluorescent Luminaires Recessed fluorescent luminaires with lenses or parabolic louvers should normally be used in office areas, la- boratories, and control rooms. The luminaires specified must be coordinated with the type of ceiling. A luminaire to be recessed in a lay-in ceiling cannot be installed in a plasterboard ceiling and vice versa. Two-lamp lumi- naires are preferred, but 3 and 4-lamp luminaires should be used where higher foot-candle levels are required and/or two-level switching is desired. Where 3 and 4-lamp luminaires are installed in office and control room areas, two-level switching should be provided. Be sure to check for local energy codes regarding fixture, lamp, and ballast requirements. Surface-Mounted Fluorescent Luminaires ‘Surface-mounted fluorescent luminaires with lenses may be substituted for recessed luminaires in areas where plasterboard ceilings are being installed. Open-Chassis Luminaires If they can be mounted at a height of 15 feet or less, open-chassis fluorescent luminaires should be specified {or all industrial areas where moisture is not a problem. For higher mounting heights, consider low-wattage metal halide or high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps. Open-chassis luminaires with reflectors should normally be used Where the luminaires are to be suspended, a minimum of 10% uplight should be provided. In situations where surface mounting is necessary, no uplight is required and an open-chassis luminaire without a reflector may be used. All open-chassis luminaires specified should be industrial, heavy-duty type. Enclosed and gasketed luminaires Enclosed and gasketed luminaires should be specified for damp and wet locations. They should be UL listed as suitable for the type of area in which they will be installed. Luminaires should be manufactured of molded, high- impact resistant ABS plastic or reinforced fiberglass with a diffuser of high-impact resistant acrylic. Hazardous location fluorescent fixtures can be used, but they should be evaluated first because of the higher fixture costs. High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) General HPS lamps are preferred for outdoor and high-bay indoor locations if LED lamps are not applicable to project, environment. HPS lamps are available in a variety of wattages and are suitable for any orientation, Even though their color rendition is poorer than that of LEDs and fluorescents, their cost, generally good efficiency (lumens 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 226 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () per watt) and relatively long life may make them an appropriate choice for outdoor, indoor industrial, and hard- to-relamp indoor areas. One characteristic of all high-intensity discharge lamps (HPS and metal halide) is that they require a warm-up and restrike time; they do not tum on at full brightness as does a fluorescent or incan- descent lamp. The warm-up time for an HPS can be as much as 3 to 4 minutes, during which time the light output is greatly reduced, The restrike time for an HPS is usually 1 minute or less. Where immediate light output is necessary on re-energization, an auxiliary quartz lamp can be provided by some luminaire manufacturers. Improved color rendition index (CRI) HPS lamps should be specified, if possible. Design Considerations Indoor Applications HPS luminaires installed indoors should be either open or enclosed and gasketed depending on the area where they are to be installed. Open luminaires should be installed in dry low and high-bay areas where they will be suspended and uplight is required. They should be installed in areas where the celling height exceeds 15 feet. Enclosed and gasketed HPS luminaires should be installed in all damp and wet areas where the mounting height exceeds 12 feet. Luminaires should be installed suspended and should be constructed using an acrylic or glass refractor that completely houses the lamp. Outdoor Applications HPS lamps should be used for all lighting applications outdoors except where LEDs are not suitable for deco- rative lighting, for example, at the entrances of administration buildings. All exterior applications should use cutoff type luminaries, including full cutoff, cutoff, semi-cutoff, and non-cutoff, as deemed appropriate. Security lighting should be provided on the outside of buildings and at entrances by wall-mounted HPS lumi- naires that use cutoff type optics and a prismatic glass or acrylic refractor to direct the light over a broad hori- zontal area, Illumination should be provided at underground facilities by pole-mounted cutoff optic type luminaires. Mounting heights should not exceed 30 feet, and lamp size should be at least 150 watts. IES Type IV or V luminaires provide the best lighting for broad areas. A combination of distribution types can be used as needed. Luminaire manufacturers can provide assistance in pole layout and computer analysis of illumination levels. 7.4.3. Emergency lighting Emergency Lighting and Associated Power Source "Emergency lighting must be installed in all facilities, "The emergency lighting power supply shall be one or more of the following: "Unit based battery back-up units. = Centralized UPS power, dedicated for lighting and separate from the control system UPS. An emergency generator. = Utilize an emergency generator set to power emergency lighting for mid to large sized fax cilities, where the facility may require occupancy during a power failure. "Where an emergency generator is utilized for emergency lighting: "The generator installation shall comply with Standard or manufacturer installation guideline. "The emergency power system shall be separated from any non-life-safety loads via a sep- arate transfer switch. "Where batlery-based emergency lighting is utilized: 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 227 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021National Water Company Suballaltall 6S Cc Minimize the number of batteries utilized for unit-based emergency lighting All batteries used in the unit shall be sealed maintenance free type, 10-year rated. The units shall have auto-test capability The size of circuit conductors to remote lamp heads shall be such that the voltage drop does not exceed 5% of the marked output voltage of the unit equipment, or such other voltage drop for which the performance of the unit is certified when connected to remote lamp. Unit emergency lighting equipment and lighting control units, other than remote lamp heads shall not be installed in a wet or corrosive locations. Emergency power supply shall have adequate capacity and rating to ensure that all con- nected equipment can be operated safely when the normal power source fails. Emergency lights shall be arranged so that the failure of any one lamp will not leave the area in total darkness. Use double lamp heads. No other appliance or equipment other than for emergency purpose shall be supplied by the emergency power circuit. In the event an emergency generator is utilized to provide emergency lighting, provide ad- ditional battery based unit emergency lighting in the following locations: Generator room Major electrical rooms Major control rooms. Typical emergency lighting application requirements are indicated in the below table. Table 28 - Emergency Lighting Requirements Facility Type Area Recommended Min Duration Notes Emergency (hrs.) Mlumination (lux) All Walkways, >10 05 Control Rooms >50 2 Corridors >20 05 Electrical Room >10 1 Electrical Substation — Outdoor Exits >10 05 Generator Rooms >50 3 Laboratory >40 05 Mechanical Rooms >10 05 Offices Process Areas >10 05 Stairway >40 05 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 228 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021auiballolall Spits National Water Company (CU Facility Type Area Recommended — Min Duration Notes Emergency (hrs.) Mlumination (lux) Washrooms-Mulliple peo >10 05 ple Workshop >10 05 Pump room Main Level >10 i Lower Level including | >10 os pump room Requirements for Exit Signs 00_TES_SD_006.01 Exit signs shall be provided for all facilities, where required by code or egress would not be clear under all circumstances. LED exit signs are the standard of acceptance. All allematives must be approved by NWC. Exit signs shall comply with requirements of NWC. Exit signs shall be installed such that they are visible and point towards the direction of building exit Preferably exit signs shall indicate a running person pictogram figure with arrow sign indi- cating direction of exit. In existing facilities, exit signs shall match the type of sign used elsewhere in the facility. ‘Where an emergency generator is available, avoid the use of battery based systems if possible, except as noted herein. ‘Where batteries are utilized, all batteries used in the unit shall be sealed 10-year rated maintenance-free type. Page 229 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/20217.5 7.5.1 Codes and standards IECIBS EN 62305 IECIBS EN 62305-1 IECIBS EN 62305-2 IECIBS EN 62305-3 IECIBS EN 62305-4 IECIBS EN 61643 Series BS EN 62561 Series Bs 7430 BS 7671 UL 467 UL-96 UL 964 NFPA 780, 7.5.2 Design considerations Lightning Protection ightning protection atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () Protection against Lightning General Principles for The Protection of Structures Risk Management Physical Damage to Structures and Life Hazard Electrical and Electronic Systems within Structures Conformity Requirements for Surge Protection Devices Lightning Protection System Components (LPSC) Code of Practice for Protective Earthing of Electrical Installations Requirements for Electrical Installations Grounding and Bonding Equipment Standard for Lightning Protection Components Standard for Installation Requirements for Lightning Protection Systems Standard for The Installation of Lightning Protection Systems Perform a risk analysis as per NFPA 780 for all new facilities. Review acceptable risks with NWC. Where required, install appropriate lightning protection. A minimum level of lightning protection, as required by local codes, shall be allowed for to protect property, personnel and equipment. Subject to the results of an evaluation, the complexity of the design required shall depend on the severity or level of incidence of lightning strokes in the area of the project plant; as well as the type of plant and risks in the event of lightning strokes. Statistical or statutory meteorological data must be consulted to make a proper determination of the degree of protection required. Buildings and structures will be adequately grounded to prevent damage from a lightning stroke or discharge. In the absence of project specific standards, the design will follow NFPA 780. 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 230 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt ) National Water Company Cc 7.6 Earthing and bonding 7.6.1 Codes and standards IEC publications 60364 Electrical Installations in Buildings Latest edition of IEE Regulations for Electrical Installations in Buildings - London. 7.6.2 Design considerations Equipment Bonding and Grounding This refers to the bonding and grounding of non-current carrying metal parts like panel enclosures, motor frames, switchgear, and switchyard structures, etc. General "All non-current-carrying metal equipment parts shall be bonded to station ground grid = All metal building columns shall be bonded and connected to ground using 2/0 AWG copper conductors. = A grounding system consisting of a grid or network of buried soft drawn bare copper con- ductors and electrodes will be provided for each facility. The individual ground grid will be tied together with interconnecting ground cables. The grounding system will be designed to limit the overall resistance to earth to a level satisfactory for the safe operation of the equipment and for the safety of the personnel. Low Voltage Systems (< 750V) ‘All major electrical equipment rated 1200 A and above, such as transformers, switchgear, large motors, motor controller, etc., must be connected to the ground, at minimum through two paths. Two-path grounding is rec- ommended for other systems as well Medium Voltage System The following are applicable to medium voltage systems. © Prior to detail design execution, the design team must locate and obtain sufficient site soil data, as it is required for calculations and design development. Soil characteristics and seasonal changes must be fully documented. If such data is not available or is insufficient; the project design team shall commission an appropriate soil resistivity survey with a com- petent and qualified specialized enterprise. "The design of the grounding system shall be based on calculated requirements to maintain safe touch and step potentials required by the KSA Electrical Code. "Provide a switchyard ground grid in accordance with requirements of IEEE-80 to achieve required touch voltage and step voltage limitations. "The minimum grounding conductor size for connection of grounding electrodes and ground grids is 2/0 AWG. The use of 4/0 AWG or larger conductors is recommended to be utlized for applications with transformers rated 1 MVA or greater. 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 231 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () All electrical equipment frames shall be connected to ground grid using 2/0 AWG or larger copper conductors. All metal columns, pedestals, supports shall be bonded and connected to ground using 2/0 AWG copper conductor. Provide ground grid conductor around the building perimeter, to reduce touch and step potentials, unless it can be demonstrated with study/analysis that this will not be an issue. The type of power system grounding selected must be in accordance with the utility re- quirements and following the latest practice, codes and standards. Values of resistivity to ground must be carefully established to provide the most suitable equipment protection, All medium voltage electrical equipment will be connected to the ground, at minimum through two paths. Al metallic fencing; property perimeter, outdoor substations and any other, required to pro- tect property, equipment or to restrict access to designated plant facilities will be connected to an appropriate grounding system. Metal fencing around medium voltage stations: Locate fence at least 1m inside the periphery of the station ground grid conductor. Connect the fence to station ground grid ‘Where there is an external metal boundary fence, in proximity to the station fence, the touch voltages within 1m of all parts of the metal boundary fence shall not exceed the tolerable step voltage limits, 7.7 Power factor correction 7.7.1 Codes and standards lec 61921 NEMA cP, IEEE 18 BS 1650 NFPA 70 00_TES_SD_006.01 Power Capacitors - Low-Voltage Power Factor Correction Banks 1 Applies to capacitors rated 216 V or higher, § KV or more, designed for shunt connection to AC transmission and distribution systems operating at a nominal frequency of 50 or 60 Hz. Applies to capacitors rated 216 V or higher, 5 kV or more, designed for shunt connection to AC transmission and distribution systems operating at a nominal frequency of 50 or 60 Hz. Industrial capacitors for connection to power-frequency systems National Fire Protection Association (requirements for flexible power cables of capacitor bank) Page 232 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () IEC 60831-1 Capacitor units and capacitor banks intended to be used, particularly, for power- factor correction of A.C power systems having a rated voltage up to and including 1000 V and frequencies 60 Hz. Guidelines for performance, rating and testing, Safety requirements, Guide for installation and operation IEC 60439-1 Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies-type tested and partially type tested assemblies IEC 6157-1 Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1000VAC. IEC 60529 Classification of degree of protection provided by enclosures IEC 60947-1 Low-voltage switchgear and control gear - General rules IEC 6947-2 Low-voltage switchgear and control gear - Circuit-breakers IEC 609473 Low-voltage switchgear and control gear - Switches, disconnectors, switche disconnectors and fuse-combination units 7.7.2 Design considerations General 00_TES_SD_006.01 Itis generally recommended that the electrical power factor for each facility be corrected to 0.95 or better. However, the economic payback for power factor correction should be cal- culated for all cases where the requirement for power factor correction is not clear. Correction of the power factor to past 0.95 leading shall not be permitted under any circum stance. For small facilities with a limited number of loads, power factor correction connected to the individual motor loads is preferred. For example, connection of capacitors to motor loads is, appropriate in most water lft stations For facilities supplied at 600V, with numerous motor loads and potential harmonics, con- nection of one or more power factor correction banks is preferred. Perform a harmonic review of the existing and potential future installation, and install detuning capacitors if po- tentially damaging harmonies are present Ensure that capacitors do not create a resonance condition. Where any point in the electrical distribution has non-linear loads exceeding 15% of the upstream transformer capacity, a harmonic study must be performed to determine the ap- propriate application of power factor correction. Capacitors connected directly to the bus without an upstream contactor require special per- mmission from NWC. For facilities supplied at medium voltage, the appropriate configuration of power factor cor rection must be determined on a case-by-case basis. ‘Switching and control of power factor correction equipment shall be given special attention. The transient and dynamic behavior of this equipment under various operating conditions must be supported by calculations and studies. The design adopted shall ensure safe op- eration and protection of associated equipment Page 233 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021Configurations auiballolall Spits © National Water Company The configuration of power factor correction is classified into three types: Load Power Factor Correct Decentralized Bulk Power Factor Correction Centralized Bulk Power Factor Correction. Typical configurations for power factor correction ate identified in Table 29. However, determination the appropriate configuration shall be reviewed for each facility, Table 29 - Configurat ns for power factor correction ‘Application Configuration Notes Pumping Station Load Power Factor Correction Main Pumping | Load Power Factor Correction (MV) Station Decentralized Buk Power Factor Correction (600v) Lift Station Load Power Factor Correction Water treatment | Decentralized Bulk Power Factor Correction (pre= Plant ferred) or Centralized Bulk Power Factor Correc- tion Load Power Factor Correction The power factor correction equipment may be installed close to the load equipment exhibiting poor power factor, to improve the power factor, reduce load cable currents and losses, and provide for starting kVAR for heavy loads which require heavy inductive kVAR at start 00_TES_SD_006.01 Before applying power factor correction, the power factor, actual load current, individual harmonic components of individual loads and the power supply source needs to be re- viewed Power factor correction capacitors may be installed and switched in tine with motors ensur- ing that such a design is in compliance with Standard and NWC requirement. Capacitors should not be installed at the terminals with larger size AC induction motors wit, high inertia loads due to risk of self-excitation, after the motor is switched off. Self-excitation may lead to presence of over-voltages at motor/capacitor terminals. The capacitor rated current should be less than the no-load magnetizing current of the induction motor. Individual Motor Power Factor Correction Connection Type At — Motor Terminals Connection of power factor correction capacitors at the motor terminals is acceptable for full voltage started motors only. Do not apply to motors started by soft starters or VFDs. Do not apply to motors which are subject to plugging, jogging, high-inertia, reversing, or open transient compound starting, Page 234 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () Maximum capacitor size as per motor nameplate or such that capacitor current <= motor no-load current, The overload setting must be adjusted to account for the reduced motor current. This re- duced overload setting must be clearly documented on the drawings. Connection Type A2 ~ Overload Load Terminals 1D Same as Connection Type At, except the capacitors may be located at the motor starter instead of the motor. Connection Type B1 — After Contactor and Before Overload 1D Connection of power factor correction capacitors in this manner is acceptable for {ull voltage started motors only. 1D Do not apply to motors started by soft starters or VFDs. 1D Donot apply to motors which are subject to plugging, jogging, high-inertia, revers- ing, or open transient compound starting 1D Maximum capacitor size as per motor nameplate or such that capacitor current <= motor no-load current. Connection Type B2 ~ Overload Cancelled 1D Same as Connection Type B1, except the power factor correction conductors are routed back through the overload CTs to cancel the PFC current and allow the overload setting to match the motor FLA. Connection Type C - Separate Contactor 1D Connection of power factor correction capacitors in this manner is acceptable for most motors, 1D Do not apply to motors started VFDs. Capacitor size should be less than the motor KVAR rating. Note that the capacitors in this configuration may be slightly larger than the previous connection types. ‘When configured with a soft start, the capacitor contactor should only close after the motor is up to speed, VFDs 1D Capacitors are not typically required to provide displacement power factor correc- tion, but rather to filter harmonics. 1D Capacitors should never be applied to VFDs without appropriately designed filter- ing reactors. 1D Inharmonic rich environments, the use of power factor correction on individual mo- tors is generally discouraged. For smaller facilities, such as lift stations, where har- monics are present it may be appropriate to install detuning reactors on individual capacitors. Decentralized Bulk Power Factor Correction The power factor correction equipment may be installed in various locations in a facility on busses such as motor control centers and switchgear. The primary advantage of this arrangement compared to centralized bulk Power factor correction is that the power factor correction can reduce feeder currents and associated losses within the facility, 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 235 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () Before applying power factor correction, the power factor, actual load current, individual harmonic components of individual loads and the power supply source needs to be re- viewed, Iis recommended to consider the use of detuned power factor correction banks whenever harmonic currents are present or may arise in the future. Capacitor banks shall be designed in steps to prevent electrical resonance. Each step will be controlled based on desired power factor setting Provide a programmable PF/VAR controller with adjustable/programmable settings so as to control the centralized capacitor bank, Centralized Bulk Power Factor Correction The Centralized Bulk Power Factor Correction utilizes capacitor banks that are installed close to the power source, Ils primary aim is to improve overall facility power factor. Reduction in the facility power factor provides for reduced demand billing, release of capacity from a loaded supply transformer, and reduction in upstream transformer and cable losses. Power factor correction can also assist with voltage stabilization. 00_TES_SD_006.01 Before applying centralized bulk power factor correction, a proper electrical study should be carried out to study the kVA, KVAR, power factor, actual load current, individual har- monic components at the given power source. Calculate the maximum kVA capacily that can be released by using centralized PF capac- itor banks instead. Itis recommended to consider the use of detuned power factor correction banks whenever harmonic currents are present or may arise in the future. Capacitor banks shall be designed in steps to prevent electrical resonance. Each step will be controlled based on desired power factor setting Provide a programmable PF/VAR controller with adjustable/programmable settings so as to control the centralized capacitor bank. Provide capacitors with detuning reactors so as not to permit providing a low impedance Path for harmonics present on the system. film Oil filed capacitors are not acceptable. Provide metalized polypropylene dielectric impregnated self-healing capacitors Capacitance tolerances to be within -5% to +10%, Ampacity of feeders supplying capacitors shall be 135% of the rated capacitor current. Rated voltage of the capacitors shall be 110% of the system nominal voltage. Rated over-current capability of capacitors shall be 135% of the nominal. Capacitors shall be provided with integral discharge devices complying with Code require- ments for residual voltage decay. Capacitors shall be provided with integral fuses, coordinated to prevent the capacitor case from bursting on a short circuit fault inside the capacitor case. The capacitive power overload of a capacitor due to overload in voltage or current must not exceed 136% of its nominal rated KVAR Page 236 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () "Provide capacitor units with low dielectric losses. 7.8 Backup diesel generator 7.8.1 Codes and standards All equipment supplied shall be new, unused and designed to meet all applicable NEMA, ANSI, IEEE, DIN and NFPA-76A, BS standards including below li IEEE 762 IEC 60034 Bs 2757 Bs 4999 Bs 5000 IEC 60204-1 Iso 8528-1 Generating Sets: ISO 8528-4 Part 1 ISO 8528-1 ISO 8528-4 Iso 8528-1 ISO 8528-1 Iso 8528-4 Iso 8528-4 Iso 8528-4 Iso 8528-4 Methods: BS 55144111 BS 5514.1V BS 5514-VI Bs 649 Vibrations: BS 269 00_TES_SD_006.01 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 Part 7 Part 8 Part 9 ted codes & standards. Standard Definitions for Reporting Electric Generating Unit Rotating electrical machines Method for Determining the Thermal Classification of Electrical Insulation General requirements for rotating machines. Rotating electrical machines of particular types. Safety of machinery, Electrical equipment and machines, Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current Application rating and performance Engines ‘AC generator for generating sets Control gear and switch gear Generating sets Test methods Technical declaration for specification and design Low power general purpose generating sets Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration Test measurement ‘Speed governing Over speed protection Reciprocating internal combustion engine's performance, torsional Declaring efficiency of electrical machines Page 237 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () lec 34-1 Rotating electrical machines-rating, performance Iso 8528 Measurement of air borne noise by enveloping surface method ISO 9614- Part | & I! Requirement of grade Il accuracy for insulation Iso 3046-4 Reciprocating internal combustion engines performance ISO 3046-1: Part 1 Declarations of power, fuel and lubricating oil consumptions, and test methods Additional requirements for engines for general use, ISO 3046-3: 2006: Part3 Test measurements 7.8.2 Design considerations Emergency and Standby Power Systems This section describes standards for NWC emergency and standby power systems. General Emergency power systems are required by law or code for life safety. Standby systems are required for continuous operation of a plant or a process should the normal power source be interrupted. Typically, standby systems are installed by user choice. Emergency and standby power systems use the same equipment and often serve the same purpose. General Requirements Generator ratings shall be selected based upon the ISO 8528 standard. It is acknowledged that generator manufacturers may provide additional or modified ratings, however care should be utilized when utilizing specific manufacturer ratings in a competitive procurement situation. ISO 8528 ratings are summarized as follows: "Continuous Power (D The rated output is available continuously, with average power output within 70% to 100% of the rating. "Prime Power D The generator may run continuously, with an average power output of up to 70% of the rating over 24 hours. = Limited Time Running Power 1D The rated output is available for up to 500 hours per year, with average power output up to 100% of the rating "Emergency Standby Power D. The generator may run up to 200 or more hours per year, with an average power output of 70% of the rating over 24 hours. = Engine exhaust system: 1D Exhaust gas piping to be insulated "Piping designed to prevent vibration isolation from generator set to piping and therefore to building, "Piping to be equipped with drain valves to drain condensation at the lowest point, 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 238 of 565, Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () Piping to be designed in such a way that exhaust is away from building ventilation air in- takes, 19 to be designed in such ways that itis above the building perimeter to allow for easy dispersal of exhaust gases. ‘Allow for expansion due to high temperature without affecting building supports. Provide piping of suitable size and length to prevent exceeding the backpressure on engine. Generator cooling system: 1D Provide the required ambient air temperature range for the generator room. 1D Provide radiator based cooling! or remote radiator cooling depending on engineer- ing analysis of generator room temperature rises. 1D Provide fresh air intake (combustion air + cooling air) and generator room ambient air exhaust fans as required to maintain the required operating ambient tempera- ture, Fuel supply system: (D Where available, natural gas is the preferred fuel 1D Ifthe generator is an emergency generator, ensure that natural gas is acceptable as per NWC. 1D Where diesel fuel is selected: 1D Provide a day tank for fuel within the generator room. D Comply with Standard for fuel and piping requirements. Generator set control panel Provide automatic remote start ability. Provide a "Hand-Off- Auto” selector for manual operation or Auto operation, Provide local alarm indications. Provide connections for remote alarms. Provide remote connections using discrete relays and communication ports for monitoring of generator set status, alarms Provide automatic controls for auxiliary heating, block and space heating. Provide generator paralleling controls if required for the application. Engine starting systems: 00_TES_SD_006.01 Provide storage battery/battery charger to power starting system. Balteries shall be as recommended by the manufacturer and designed for the required cold cranking cycles. Cold cranking cycles to comply with Standard. Provide monitoring of battery voltage and automatic alarm to wam of low battery. Battery system shall be designed to operate in extreme temperature range that may occur inside the generator room, Page 239 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021Alternators: atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () For smaller generators, provide altemator winding with 2/3rd pitch. For larger generators > 1 MW, consider the use of higher pitch windings. Windings shall be copper. Provide suitable exciter in static or direct connected type. Automatic voltage regulator shall be permanent magnet, quick voltage build up type. Provide complete alternator datasheet, and parameters. Alternator shall be designed to be able to withstand, electrically and mechanically, 300% of its full oad current for 1 second with its terminals shorted. Automatic transfer switches: 00_TES_SD_006.01 Provide ATS in compliance with NWC Standard, Transfer equipment should be designed, installed and maintained in such a way that it will never allow inadvertent interconnection of the standby power source with the normal power source. Most applications will utilize open transition transfer (break before make) for simplicity. Ensure that the open delay is sufficient for residual voltage of motor loads to Dissipate Closed transition transfer switches should be considered when the facility cannot accept ‘temporary power interruptions when transferring from the standby to utility source, ‘Where closed transition transfer switches are required, selection is typically between three major types: Momentary Passive: The transfer switch waits for the generator to passively synchronize with the utility source and then closes the uly switch, The generator switch is opened within 100ms of the ulty switch closing, The transfer switch must be NWC Standard approved Under-voltage protection and an automatic synchronization check are required. Momentary Active: This type of transfer is the same as momentary passive discussed above, except that the generator is actively controlled by an automatic synchronizer. Soft Transition Ina soft transition transfer scheme, the synchronization is controlled by an automatic syn- chronizer, but the generator Is paralleled with the utllty source for longer than 100 ms. this allows the loads to be gradually transferred from the generator to the utlity source over a short petiod of time, typically 2 to 10 seconds This type of transition requires additional protection and coordination with the uty Ensure that separate, interlocked bypass feeders are provided around automatic transfer switches to allow for maintenance on transfer switches without interrupting critical loads. Page 240 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () Load bank connection Emergency Loads Essential Loads 00_TES_SD_006.01 If the generator is classified as an emergency generator, the system must be operated Under a minimum of 30% load monthly, and 100% load annually. Unless NWC has a portable load bank of the appropriate size, provide a permanent load bank for testing purposes. If not classified as an emergency generator, at minimum provide provision for connection of a temporary load bank. Provide at minimum the following signals to the control system for each standby generator: Generator running Generator fail. In accordance with the National Building Code, a generator shall be classified as an emer- gency generator if it feeds life safety equipment, such as: Fire alarm and emergency voice communications systems; Firefighters’ elevators and elevators serving storeys above the first storey in a high building; Fire protection water supply pumps that depend on electrical power supplied to the building; ‘Smoke control systems; Fans required for smoke control; Emergency lighting; and Exit signs. ‘An emergency generator may power other essential (non-emergency) loads, provided that they are switched via an independent transfer switch and arranged in a manner to not com- promise the emergency power system. Certain other critical loads should be considered for connection to the emergency generator via the emergency power branch; however, these loads are not acknowledged in current codes as emergency loads. Thus, it is recommended to perform a review of the criticality of the loads, provide a recommendation based upon good engineering practice, and dis- cuss with the NWC for approval. Auxiliary systems associated with emergency generation must also be powered from the emergency power distribution system. An example is generator room ventilation equip- ment Emergency generators must meet the requirements of NWC. Emergency loads must be provided with a separate transfer switch and distribution from the non-emergency essential power loads. Essential (non-emergency) loads should be powered via a standby generator, or the standby power branch of an emergency generator system. The following loads should typically be considered for designation as Essential Loads: Page 241 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021auiballolall Spits © National Water Company Essential process motor loads, including critical motor operated valves. UPS systems ‘Switchgear DC control power supplies Plant securityCCTV systems Ventilation systems that must remain operable during a power failure. ‘The requirement for standby power for process systems shall be decided on a case-by- case basis. Generator Set Sizing 00_TES_SD_006.01 It is recommended that the generator sizing be confirmed by the manufacturer based on load profile provided by the engineer. ‘A standbylemergency generator should be sized in such a manner that on average the running load will not be below 30% of its rated kVA capacity. Permanent load banks may be required to be operated in parallel with plant loads less than 30%, in order to protect the generator from engine related reliability issues. Ifloads less than 30% are expected, review the application with generator manufacturers. Maximum allowable Step Loading: The maximum allowed single step loading will cause a voltage dip that should stay within the operating voltage range of all live loads, which indi- rectly wil decide the generator KVA rating. Generators may be sized based on picking all load up in a single step or alternatively designing the single step to pick up a maximum load step in a sequential loading plan, Maximum allowable single step frequency dip: The maximum allowed single step loading will also cause a single step frequency drip which in turn will have a bearing on the gener- ator kVA rating, Increased ambient temperatures will require higher kVA rating All generators are to be designed with a minimum of 10% reserve capacity. ‘Where the generator is classified as an emergency generator, the 10% reserve capacity shall be retained throughout the life of the generator. ‘Where the generator is not classified as an emergency generator, the 10% reserve capacity may be utilized for expansion, if accepted by NWC, Single Phase Loads versus Three Phase loads: Each load that is being analyzed must be converted into current loadings and power factor, Each phase must be summarized indi- vidually to arrive at the highest phase loading and power factor which will decide the gen- erator kVA ratings, operability and stability. Design Load Calculations: Conduct a thorough study to identify each and every type and size of emergencylessential loads that the emergency/standby generator will power after the normal power has failed, Note the individual load power factors as they will be required to establish the distribution of real power and reactive power in the alternator. Three phase generators are rated for 0.8 PF. Lower power factors at rated kVA will require larger alternators, Page 242 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () Generators that will be supplying only leading power factor loads should be treated with exlreme caution, as these can cause the generator set to lose control of its voltage. An example is UPS loads, or data servers which may exhibit leading PF load characteristics. Determine the maximum time delay that can be suffered by each load before each load is transferred to generator power. The time delay with the least value will be the deciding factor for adjusting the start-up delay of the generator. Determine all motor loads and calculate the starting kVA of each motor load. Based on diversity of all motor loads, calculate the total motor starting KVA which must be supported by the generator. Identify VFDs and non-liner loads with harmonic contribution to the generator voltage and current. Ensure that appropriate generation capacity is provided to address the harmonics present. Review UPS loads to ensure sufficient generation capability is provided for charging current and harmonics. After totalling all loads, add 10-25% to allow for future KVA capacity increase, Regenerative loads: Regenerative loads are typically elevators, cranes, hoists and sometimes pumps. These loads when braking or decelerating will feed energy back to the generator leading to over- speeding and consequent tripping of the generator. This situation may require keeping ‘some non-critical loads powered on the generator set so that they can absorb extra energy and prevent a mechanical over speed of the engine, Temporary Generator Connection ‘Temporary generator connections shall be utilized at critical facilities that do not have per- manent emergency/standby generators. Consult with the NWC to determine ita standard for a plug / receptacle system exists, which would allow for fast, straightforward hook-ups without errors, Current design practice for NWC is to supply a junction box with terminals. The breaker connected to the junction box shall be interlocked with the utility breaker. The generator frame must be bonded. Uninterruptible Power Supplies For most NWC projects, relatively small uninterruptable power supplies (UPS) are required to keep the PLCISCADA system operational while the facility switches to emergency or standby power. I&C design engineer should specify UPS needs for specific site requirements. Alternatively, the electrical engineer should be editing the electrical specifications of the UPS used for backup power to motor/actuator operated gates. For example, UPS locates inside a roadside electrical cabinet in direct sunlight should require a thermal contral system to maintain the operating temperature of UPS batteries and electronics. Using offline UPS or line interactive UPS for less-than-critical equipment is recommended, where possible. 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 243 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () 7.9 Cables installation 7.9.1 Codes and standards The cables shall comply in design, material and performance to the following codes and standards. The latest, revision of the publication referred to shall apply. IEC 60028 Intemational standard of resistance for copper IEC 60227 Polyvinyl! chloride insulated cables of rated voltage up to and including 450/750 V IEC 60228 Conductors of insulated cables IEC 60287 Electric cables — Calculating of the current rating IEC 60331 _Tests for electric cables under fire conditions ~ circuit integrity IEC 60332 Tests on electric cables under fire conditions IEC 60502 Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages from 1 kV up to 30 kV IEC 60811 Common test methods for insulating and sheathing materials of electric cables and optical cables IEC 61034 Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions IEC 61156 Multicore and symmetrical pair / quad cables for digital communications IEC 61238 Compression and mechanical connectors for power cables for rated voltages up to 30 kV. 7.9.2 Design considerations The cross section of all power cables shall be determined in accordance with the current demand of the linked power consumer, the max. Permissible voltage drop, the operating temperature, thermal short-circuit capacity, maximum cable loop impedance for earth faults and laying conditions. Cable cross-sections shall be determined using the manufacturer's published data and the respective reduction factors according to installation conditions. The current-carrying capacities of power cables shall be calculated according to the type of operation, the conditions of installation and the ambient condition, The reduction factor shall be related to the following parameters: "ambient or ground temperature, "exposure to solar rays, "ground thermal resistivity, = grouping! spacing, The max. voltage drops are limited to the values given in specification “Design and Construction of Power Supply Systems”. The values for voltage drops are referred to the nominal voltage of the system, 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 244 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () The max. permissible continuous conductor temperature for power cables, depending on insulation material, shall be: "PVC insulated cables 70 °C " XLPE insulated cables 90 °C The colors of the cores shall be in accordance with the IEC regulations. If the cables will be purchased in KSA. and the standard IEC color coding is not available, the wire colors Red, Yellow, Blue and Black (neutral) will also be allowed. CABLE TYPES Power Cables for Medium Voltage Medium voltage cables shall be single core with the following construction (from inwards to outwards}: = Copper conductor Inner semi conducting layer " XLPE insulation "Outer semi— conducting layer = Semi conducting swelling tape = Copper wire screen = swelling tape "HDPE outer sheath For motor feeder cables, multi core cables of equivalent type may be used. For multi-core cables, an aluminium screen instead of the copper screen is also acceptable. The minimum cross section of medium voltage cables shall be 70 mm If cross sections larger than 185 mm? are required, in general two or more parallel cables shall be provided. For cables above 240 mm* single core cables shall be used only. The maximum conductor size shall be 400 mm’. In general, the bending radius during installation shall be within acceptable limits as specified by cable manufacturer. Power cables for medium voltage shall be designed in accordance to IEC 60502 Power Cables for Low Voltage Low voltage cables shall be multi— core with the following construction (fram inward to outwards): "Copper conductor = XLPE insulation © Common core covering = Concentric copper conductor (if necessary for TN-S network) "PVC outer sheath. For secondary circuits, building ulation for the conductor may be used. tallations, outdoor lighting and sockets, etc, a PVC 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 245 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt capstauaneest () If cross-sections larger than 185 mm? per phase are required, general two or more parallel cables shall be provided Each low voltage cables shall contain a PE or PE and N conductor, A reduced cross section for the PE conductor is allowed, if the cable loop impedance is below the maximum allowed value. The minimum cross section of low voltage power cables shall be 2.5 mm’. Power cables for low voltage shall meet the requirements of IEC 60502, Direct buried cable shall be armoured cables. Control and Signal Cables Multi core PVC insulated cables suitable for outdoor use and laying in earth, with copper conductor and copper shielding according to IEC for series 0,6 / 1 kV shall be provided. The cores shall be numbered with imprinted white numbers on the conductor insulation. The following number of cores and cross section of shielding shall be used preferably: "3x 1.5/1.5 mm? "7x 1.5/2.5 mm? © 10x 1.5/2.5 mm# = 16x 1.5/4 mm* = 24x 1.5/6 mm? = 30x 1.5/6 mm? The cables shall be provided with a min. of 20 % spare conductors. The color of outside insulation for cables in intrinsically safe circuits shall be light-blue. Control and signal cables shall be designed in accordance to IEC 60502. Instrumentation Cables Instrumentation cable shall be twisted pair with stranded copper conductor and an overall copper screen. The cables shall be suitable for outdoor use and laying in earth, The cores shall be marked with imprinted numbers, the core colors shall preferably be white and black per pair. Cables with 2 pairs, 4 pairs, 5 pairs, 10 pairs and 20 pairs and conductor diameter 2 0.75 mm shall be used preferably. The cables shall be provided with a min, of 20 % spare conductors. For common cables not directly connected to field equipment, a solid copper conductor may also be used Instrument cables shall be designed in accordance to IEC. For standard service flame retardant cable and for ESDiire service fire resistant cable shall be used. Telephone and Communication Cables Muttiple core, twisted pair cables A-2YF(L)2Y according to IEC and DIN/VDE 0816, suitable for outdoor use, shall be provided. Cables with 10 pairs, 20 pairs or 30 pairs and conductor diameter 2 0.8 mm shall be used preferably. The cables shall be provided with a min. of 20 % spare pairs. For a structured cabling system, a CAT 7e STP (4x2xAWG 23 PIMF) cable shall be provided according to ISO/IEC 11801. The structured cabling system shall be terminated at 19° patch panel in the communication system cabinet (see specification S09 “Communication System’). GG45 plugs and GG45/RJ45 connectors shall be used. Each cable has to be fully wired to the patch panel 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 246 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021auiballolall Spits © National Water Company CABLE LAYING General Within the stations and terminal sites, the cables will be laid "in cable cellars on trays, = in cable ducts on trays, "in raised cable floors direct on the floor or on trays = in earth: = in underground cable conduits "directly buried in cable trenches for auxiliary cables. Main cable routes outside of buildings shall be designed as walkable underground cable ducts with wall mounted cable trays. In special, all cable routes containing medium voltage cables, main power cables, the routes between electrical building and main and booster pump house respectively as well as routes containing cables in a great number are defined as main cable route Cables in auxiliary cable routes ©.g. for ighting, single consumers, etc, may be buried direct in earth. The routing and general arrangement of all cables, i.e. power, instrumentation, control and communication cables should be planned concurrently with main pipe racks and vehicle access ways, etc., in order to provide unimpeded direct routes wherever possible. Power cables shall be segregated from instrumentation and ‘communication cables to eliminate any possibilty of electrical interference with control / communication circuits. Cable sections shall be measured and cut in one length. If in special cases cable joints are necessary, the approval of the Owner has to be obtained. After laying, all cable ends have to be carefully protected against humidity until start of connection works. Sufficient additional cable lengths on both ends for proper connection on the various cubicles and equipment shall be provided, Cables laid in Air All supports and auxiliary structures necessary for cable installations on equipment, motors, transformers, storage tanks, towers, junction boxes, ete., shall be made of hot dip galvanized steel. Cable ladders, trays and racks shall also be provided of hot dip galvanized steel. The clear diameter of trays and racks may only be used up to 70 %, Cables with different voltage level, instrument cables and non - Exi and Exi cables have to be separated by use of different ladders or trays. For a limited amount of cables, barrier strips between the different types of cables may also be used, except for medium voltage cables which always must be laid in a separate ladder or tray. Inside buildings, field cables and internal cables have to be separated by use of different ladders / trays. Crossings of these routes have to be carried out right-angled for minimizing electromagnetic induction from field cables to the internal cables. If in special applications a minimum safety margin can't be kept, e.g. in cable entries of marshalling cabinets etc., measures shall be taken to anticipate induction between internal and field cables. Cable ladders / trays in accessible areas have to be protected by use of a cover. Cable fixing shall be carried out using hot dip galvanized clamps at least every meter, for vertical installations at least in distances of 0.5 to 0.6 m. For horizontal installation, the use of cable binder for fixing is allowed, too. 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 247 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt susteuntcean () The three single core cables of a medium voltage system have to be bundled triangular by the use of a tape. These tapes have to be designed in quantity and quality to withstand the mechanical forces in the case of a short circuit. If more than one cable per phase is used, always three cables of different phases shall be bundled. Al fixing material for cable installation, as fixing strips on cable trays and supports, pull-relief fasteners, etc. shall be provided. The cable openings on floors, ceilings and walls shall be sealed with silicon foam or other equipment. This fire- proof sealant is subject to approval by the Owner. Cables laid in Earth ‘Auxiliary cable routes shall be staked out in the necessary width and then excavated in a depth of min. 90 cm for one cable layer. The bottom of the trench has to be smooth, compacted and free of stones, roots and pipes. With several cable layers one upon the other, the trench must be deep enough, so that the top cables are still 80 cm below ground level. For exceptions, such as crossings with other cable routes or with underground pipelines, the approval of the Owner or his representative has to be obtained The bottom of the trench and 10 om layer above cable shall be of well graded sand with maximum particle size of 2 mm. The sand particle shall be free of sharp edges. Rounded edges are permissible. The layer shall be hand-compacted with addition of water. Further layers will be in steps of maximum 15 cm. Machine compaction can be carried out after minimum of 20 cm of layer and to a depth of 20 om from road surface. For the latler the use of compacted backfil soil permissible. Directly buried cables have to be mesh protected by a plastic warming tape placed 30 cm above the highest cable layer. The tape shall have the inscription. “ATTENTION CABLE”. For cable routes larger than 0.5 m an additional waming tape has to be laid. The following distances between the several layers of cables shall be observed: Type of Cable Clear Distance Instrument cable (Exi) beside instrument cable (Exl) | not necessary Instrument or control cable (not Exi) beside instru- | not necessary ment or control cable (not Exi) Instrument cable (Exi) beside instrument or control | 10 cm cable (not Exi) Instrument or control cable beside low voltage cable | 30 cm Low voltage cable beside low voltage cable diameter of cable (but max. 5 em) Low voltage cable beside medium voltage cable | 30 cm Cable Transits For the passage of cables from buildings, shelters, etc. into earth, modular watertight transit systems shall be installed into the exterior walls of the buildings, For cables passing fire protection walls, also modular cable transit systems shall be used. These bushings have to be designed in order to fulfil the respective fire protection requirements. All individual sealing modules must be appropriate to the respective outer diameter of the cable. After laying of all cables, a spare capacity of 30 % should be available for future extensions. 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 248 of 565 Issue Date 31/10/2021atballoliall Spt © National Water Company ( Transportation and Unloading Al cables shall be shipped and transported on cable drums of adequate size with minimum 00 m length on each drum. Smaller cut piece length of cables can only be accepted for special cables with short length requirement, Drums shall be lifted by means of a crane or by means of a loading ramp. Throwing and dropping down of cable drums shall be strictly avoided. In order to prevent drums moving during transportation, these must be securely wedged to prevent movement. Before unloading it is necessary to verify that the drum is received in proper condition. The directional arrow of the drums has to be observed during rolling. The slop of the loading ramps shall not surpass the relation of 1:4, When rolling the drum on the ramp this must be controlled by ropes and with aid of winches or pulley blocks and tackle. Empty cable drums have to be stored on a suitable central store place. Returning the cable manufacturer of retumable drums is the Contractor's responsibility Personnel and Tools Sufficient staff for drum transportation and for unwinding and laying of the cables has to be foreseen. If cables are laid simultaneously at different areas, each cable laying team has to be permanently supervised by a qualified person to ensure that all works are carried out in accordance with the specifications. Unskilled staff has to be instructed on handling of the cable material before start of work. Cable Pulling ‘When putting the drums on lifting jacks, the direction arrow shall point to the opposite direction. After removing the protection boards the cable shall be inspected for visual defects. When unwinding the cable, the drum has to be moved by hand in order to avoid a stress on the cables. ‘Small cable length may be unwound without lifting jacks beside the cable trench and then laid into the trenches. Dragging of the cables on the ground has to be avoided in any case. ‘When pulling the cables, especially when joints are necessary, special care has to be paid to the fact that each individual length shall be laid in the same direction, This means that the B-end meets the A-end of the next length and the wires of the same color can be connected without crossing in the joint. The cables shall be supported by cable rollers, placed in a distance of 2 - 4 m. At curves, comer cable rollers according to the minimum bending radius shall be situated. On the cable end grips shall be fixed. On these cable grips the rope shall be mounted. The specifications of the cable manufacturer for the max. strength for cable pulling shall be observed strictly. The actual strength will be controlled by dynamometers installed in the pulling rope. Small cables will be laid manually. Attention will be given when pulling them into conduits. Before pulling the cables through cable routes with cable conduits or pipes, the freeway in the routes has to be inspected. It may only be pulled on straight sections. Even if corner rollers are installed, every pull point has to be watched by an inspector. At the beginning and at the end of conduit routes, the cable shall not touch pipe or stone edges. The edges have to be rounded up, or suitable supports of cardboard or jute cushions penetrated with grease have to be placed under the cables. The openings have to be plugged to avoid penetration of sand. At the start and the end point of cable conduits, the cables have to be laid in a S-bend in order to equalize settlements of the cable trenches, Close to cable connections to consumers or junction boxes, cable loops allowing spare length have to be provided before leaving the earth or the duct. 00_TES_SD_006.01 Page 249 of 565, Issue Date 31/10/2021