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Nervous System SOALAN
Nervous System SOALAN
QUESTION 1
(b) The graph below shows the generative phase and transmission of an impulse along the axon of a
neurone.
P:
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Q:
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[ 6 marks ]
/CONTROL AND REGULATION (NERVOUS SYSTEM )
QUESTION 2
The diagram below shows changes in the membrane potential of a neurone during the
production of an action potential
(a) Label phases A,B,C and the period labelled D as shown in the diagram. [4 marks]
A : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
B : …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
C : …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
D : …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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/CONTROL AND REGULATION (NERVOUS SYSTEM)
QUESTION 3
The diagram below represents a longitudinal section through part of a striated muscle.
(a)(i) What is the term used to describe the basic unit of muscle contraction shown above? [1m]
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A : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
C : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) The diagram shows the A band, the I band and the H zone. Which of the structure:
(i) contain actin but no myosin [1m]
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(c) Describe the role played by ATP and Ca2+ in muscle contraction
(i) ATP : [2m]
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(ii) calcium ions [2m]
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/NERVOUS SYSTEM
QUESTION 4
The graph below shows the potential difference across an axon membrane.
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(ii) Y and Z [3m]
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(b) Describe the role of Ca2+ ions in the transmission of impulse of impulses across a synape.[1m]
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(c) Explain why the concentration of Ca2+ ions in the cytosol of the synaptic knob remains low, despite
frequent opening of channels. [2m]
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(d) Describe how the transmitter causes depolarization on the postsynaptic membrane. [2m]
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/NERVOUS SYSTEM
QUESTION 5
The diagram below the changes in membrane potential in a presynaptic nuerone and its postsynaptic
neurone when an impulse passes across a synape.
(i). Explain what happens when an impulse arrives at the synaptic knob of the presynaptic neurone. [3m]
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(ii) The maximum depolarization in the presynaptic neurone is +40mV. What is the maximum
depolarization in the postsynaptic neurone? [1m]
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(iii) How long is the delay between the maximum depolarization in the presynaptic and postsynaptic
neurons? [1m]
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(iv) What is the cause of this delay? [1m]
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(v) Describe how cucare affects synaptic transmission. [2m]
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(Vi) State two advantages of having synapses between neurons. [2m]
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/NERVOUS SYSTEM
QUESTION 6
The graph below shows the change in membrane potential during the passage of a nerve impulse.
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(ii). What is the value of the resting potential? [1m]
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(b) Which labeled part of the graph corresponds to;
(i) depolarization of the axon membrane? [1m]
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(ii). Repolarization of the axon membrane? [1m]
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(c).Describe briefly what happens to the axon membrane;
(i) At P [2m]
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(ii). At R
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(d). Explain why the membrane is more negative at S. [2m]
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/NERVOUS SYSTEM
QUESTION 7
Diagram shows the regular organization of thick and thin filaments in a striated muscle.
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(ii). State what happens to the following areas during muscle contraction
A band
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H zone
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I band
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(b) The actin filament is made up of actin protein, tropomyosin and troponin, whereas the myosin
filaments are made up of myosin heads and tails. Each named structure has a specific function during
muscle contraction. Explain the function of the following structures during muscle contraction [4m]
i. Calcium ions
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ii. Troponin
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iii. Tropomysin
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iv. Myosin head
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/NERVOUS SYSTEM
QUESTION 8
The diagram below shows a synapse as seen with the electron microscope
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(ii) The synaptic vesicle [1m]
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(b) The graphs below show the effect of adding acetylcholine to skeletal muscle and heart muscle
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(ii) State how the effect of acetylcholine on heart muscle differ from its effects on skeletal muscle.
[2m]
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(iii) Suggest how these differences may be related to the functions of the two types of muscle.
[2m]
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(c) Suggest why it is important that acetylcholine is rapidly hydrolysed after its release. [2m]
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/NERVOUS SYSTEM
QUESTION 9
The changes in the potential difference across the axon membrane during an action potential are shown in
the diagram below.
(a) State the function and the importance of sodium-potassium pump at phase K. [2m]
Function : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Importance : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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(ii). Why are the membrane potential of phase M less than that of phase K ? [2m]
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/NERVOUS SYSTEM
QUESTION 10
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Y : ………………………………………………………………….
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