Atomic Physics

Bohr Model
LECTURE 1
#JEELiveDaily

Jayant Nagda
JEE Coach, Motivational Speaker & Influencer

B.Tech, IIT Bombay

IIT-JEE AIR - 161
11+ Years of Teaching Experience
Trained Million+ students for JEE & NEET

Best Content Award

Discord Channel

livedaily.me/join

Telegram Channel
 livedaily.me/jee livedaily.me/jee

Best Strategy Sessions

Unacademy
Subscription

LIVE Class Environment Performance Analysis

LIVE Polls & Leaderboard Weekly Test Series
LIVE Doubt Solving DPPs & Quizzes
LIVE Interaction
tinyurl.com/SpecialJAYANT tinyurl.com/SpecialJAYANT

unacademy.com/@jayantnagda
Unacademy
Subscription
Apply
₹6,300/month

₹47,466
₹5,250/month
₹4,267
₹15,750 for 3 months
₹4,267

₹4,200/month
₹25,200 for 6 months

₹2,888/month
₹34,650 for 12 months

₹2,100/month
67% OFF ₹50,400 for 24 months

PLUS ICONIC

34,650 58,500
50,400 67% OFF 90,000
Atomic Physics

Thomson's Atomic Model

The first Model of atom was proposed by

English physicist Joseph J. Thomson in 1898.

Experiments on electric discharge through gases carried

out by the J. J. Thomson revealed that atoms of different
elements contain negatively charged constituents
(electrons) that are identical for all atoms.
Thomson's Atomic Model

According to this model, the positive charge of the atom is

uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the atom
and the negatively charged electrons are embedded in it
like seeds in a watermelon.

+ve distributed throughout atom ≈ 10-10 m

Thomson's Atomic Model

This model was picturesquely called plum pudding model of

the atom.

np = ne to cancel total charge to make atom neutral.

Atomic Physics

However subsequent studies & experiments on atoms showed that

the distribution of the electrons and positive charges are

very different from that proposed in Thomson’s model.
Rutherford’s Model In 1911, Ernest Rutherford,
a former research student of J. J. Thomson,
performed Gold Foil experiment
a thin foil of gold of
thickness 2.1 × 10–7 m
with a beam of ∝ - particles
emitted from a radioactive source
directed on thin gold foil.
through
Lead bricks

ZnS
screen
214Bi
83
radioactive
source
Rutherford’s Model Ernest Rutherford’s Gold foil experiment
beam of ∝ - particles directed on thin gold foil.

most particles pass through,

some are deviated from

straight path &

very few bounced back.

electrons could not deflected

the path of α-particles
as electrons are very light.
Rutherford’s Model

Only about 0.14% of the

incident α-particles
scatter by more than 1°;
and about 1 in 8000
deflect by more than
90°
Rutherford’s Model The results led to the birth of
Rutherford’s planetary model of atom
Conclusion (also called the nuclear model of the atom).

According to this model, entire positive charge

and most of the mass of the atom is
concentrated in a small volume
called the Nucleus

with electrons
revolving around the nucleus
just as planets revolve around the sun
Limitations of Rutherford’s Model
Model suffer due to its inconsistency with Classical Physics.

1. An e- moving around nucleus in circular orbit is

accelerating hence by EM theory it should emit radiation
continuously thereby losing energy.

The electron should eventually fall into the nucleus.

Limitations of Rutherford’s Model
It could not explain why atoms emit light of only discrete wavelengths.

2. Explanation of Line Spectrum:-

e-s moving in all possible path will radiate waves of all frequency, but
atomic spectra is not continuous.
Bohr Model of Atom

Atom is Nucleus surrounded by e-s moving in circular orbits,

where Fc : electrostatic force of attraction.
Bohr Model of Atom Bohr made certain assumptions to combine
new quantum ideas of Planck & Einstein with
traditional description of particle in UCM.

1. Quantized Energy Levels : based on Planck’s idea.

Total energy of e- (KE + PE) can be only certain values.
Allowed energy values correspond to different orbits of e-s.

e-s in these orbit do not radiate energy.

Hence these are stationary (stable) orbits.
Bohr Model of Atom

2. A Photon is emitted when e- changes from higher orbit

to lower thereby losing energy
which appear as energy of photon.
Bohr Model of Atom
3. Electron revolves around the nucleus only in those orbits
for which the angular momentum is some integral multiple of h/2π
i.e. Magnitude of e-s angular momentum is quantized.

l = integral multiple of h/2π

l = mvr = nh/2π
{ n = 1, 2, 3….. }

Classically, orbiting e-s experience a centripetal acceleration, and

accelerating charges lose energy by radiating. A stable electronic orbit is
classically forbidden. Bohr nevertheless assumed stable electronic orbits
with the electronic angular momentum quantized as l = mvr = nh/2π
Bohr Model of Atom

& Where
Z : Atomic Number or
number of Protons
m : mass of electron
e : charge on electron
r : radius of circular orbit
v : speed of electron
Radius of Electron in nth Orbit

&

r=?
Radius of Electron in nth Orbit

&

For H like atom rn

Orbits are not equally spaced

n
Velocity of Electron in nth Orbit

&

v=?
Velocity of Electron in nth Orbit

Vn Vn

n
Z
Velocity of Electron in nth Orbit

Speed of e- in 1st Bohr orbit of H (Z = 1) is

Orbital Time Period of Electron

Tn : time period of revolution of electron in nth orbit

Since &
Orbital Frequency of Electron

fn : angular frequency of electron in nth orbit

Energy of Electron in nth Orbit

⇒
Energy of Electron in nth Orbit

⇒
Energy of Electron in nth Orbit

E=K+U

E = -K = ½ PE
Energy of Electron in nth Orbit

eV
Bohr Model of Atom

Principal Quantum number n :

This quantum number
determines the main energy level Radius of orbit Å
or shell in which the electron is
present.

Velocity of e- in nth orbit

Orbital frequency
Energy in nth Orbit

E = -K = ½ PE

R = Rydberg’s Constant = 1.097 x 107 m-1

Rch = 2.17 x 10-18 J
= 13.6 eV

-ve sign as e- is bound to

nucleus by attractive forces.
Energy levels in H
For hydrogen atom (Z = 1) we have following values of
orbital energy or binding energy of e-

E1 = - 13.6 eV n=1 K - shell

E2 = - 3.4 eV n=2 L - shell

E3 = - 1.5 eV n=3 M - shell

E4 = - 0.85 eV n=4 N - shell

E5 = - 0. 54 eV n=5 O - shell
.
.
.
E∞ = 0 eV n➝∞ - - - - -
Energy Level Diagram

E
n=5 E5 = - 0.54 eV
n=4 E4 = - 0.85 eV

Lower energy n = 3 E3 = - 1.5 eV

at bottom
n=2 E2 = - 3.4 eV

n=1 E1 = - 13.6 eV
H
 Example According to Bohr principle, the relation between main
quantum number (n) and radius of orbit (r) is -

A. B. r ∝ n C. r ∝ n2 D.

Ans: C
 Example Which of the curves may represent the speed of the
electron in a hydrogen atom as a function of the principal
quantum number n ?

A. I B. II C. III D. IV

II III
I
IV

Ans: A
 Example The KE of an electron in any stationary orbit of the hydrogen
atom in accordance with Bohr's hypothesis is equal to

A. (1/2) (potential energy of electron in that orbit)

B. – (1/2) (potential energy of electron in that orbit)

C. potential energy of electron in that orbit

D. (– 1) (potential energy of electron in that orbit)

Ans: B
Ashwani Sir
Ashwani Sir
 livedaily.me/jee livedaily.me/jee

Best Strategy Sessions

Unacademy
Subscription

LIVE Class Environment Performance Analysis

LIVE Polls & Leaderboard Weekly Test Series
LIVE Doubt Solving DPPs & Quizzes
LIVE Interaction
 India’s BEST Educators Unacademy Subscription

LIVE LIVE LIVE

LIVE
LIVE LIVE LIVE
Step 1 Step 2

INSTALL
Step 3 Step 4 Step 5
Step 6 Step 7

Apply
₹6,300/month

₹47,466
₹5,250/month
₹4,267
₹15,750 for 3 months
₹4,267

₹4,200/month
₹25,200 for 6 months

₹2,888/month
₹34,650 for 12 months

₹2,100/month
67% OFF ₹50,400 for 24 months

PLUS ICONIC

34,650 50,400
58,500
50,400 67% OFF 77,400
90,000
The most competitive, gamified
IIT JEE battle is here
Compete LIVE | Win Rewards & Prizes
On 3rd January

Enroll Now JAYANTLIVE

 Let’s Crack it!

#JEELiveDaily
SAMEERLIVE
JAYANTLIVE