Mech280final 2017-1

Mech 280, Final Exam: April 22nd 2017
Name: Student number:

Exam duration 2.5 hours, closed book
Instructions:
1. Check that you have 20 pages and 5 questions. Answer all questions.
2. 1 double sided letter-sized sheet of notes is permitted.
3. You may use a non-programmable calculator.
4. No wireless communication devices are permitted.
5. Write your answers on the same sheet as the question.
6. Put your name and student number on the top of each sheet.
7. Write neatly and structure your answers in a clear way.
8. State physical assumptions that you make before calculating
Good luck
Useful data:
 1 ft = 0.3048 m; 1 inch = 0.0254 m ; Patm = 101.325 kPa; g = 9.81 m/s2.
 In polar coordinate, the stream function  & velocity potential  are defined:
1 𝜕Ψ 𝜕Ψ
𝑣𝑟 = , 𝑣𝜃 = −
𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑟
𝜕𝜙 1 𝜕𝜙
𝑣𝑟 = , 𝑣𝜃 =
𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃


Question 1. (20 marks)
The faucet supplying hot water to the hot tub on the roof-top deck of Dr Frigaard’s luxury Whistler
apartment is fed from a tank on the first floor through the following 1 inch pipe system.
 50m of 1 inch (=25.4mm) diameter copper tubing (roughness 0.01mm)
 1 sharp edged entrance (loss coefficient 0.5)
 14 regular 90 degree elbows
 9 straight through tees
 2 side outlet tees
 3 wide open angle valves, and
 the faucet, which is a conventional globe valve.
The connections are all screwed. The pressure in the tank is maintained at 250kPa gauge and the
outlet of the faucet is 18m above the water level of the tank (which is refilled at the same rate as it
drains). Assume that all the lines are well-insulated, the water in the tank is at 80ºC, (viscosity 
=0.355  10-3 Pa.s; density  = 972 kg/m3) and the view is of course fabulous! Minor loss
coefficients are shown in the table on page 1 of the exam.
a) (8 marks) Suppose that the volume flow rate through the system is Q = 0.3 litres per second.
Calculate the Reynolds number, the friction factor and the total frictional head loss between
the tank inlet and the faucet exit.
b) (6 marks) A leak through a hole of diameter 2mm develops just before the faucet and hot
water jets vertically upwards into the sky. If the faucet is closed, but the flow rate remains Q =
0.3 litres per second, estimate how high above the leak the jet will reach.

c) (8 marks) Now assume that the faucet is left wide open (and there is no leak). Calculate Q and
therefore how many minutes are required to fill the 600 litre hot tub?

Question 2.
a) (7 marks) A 1m diameter cylinder of

mass M is connected to a 2m wide
rectangular gate as shown. The gate is
to open when the water level h drops
below 2.5m. Determine the value for
M. You may neglect friction at the
gate hinge and pulley.
Assume 𝜌 = 1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 for water.


b) (7 marks) A hydrometer having stem of diameter 8mm
is placed in water. The stem protrudes 80mm above the
water surface. The hydrometer has mass 20g.
The water is now replaced by a liquid with specific

gravity 1.10.
How much will the stem now protrude above the surface
of the new liquid?

c) (6 marks) The hydrometer of part b is pushed vertically downwards and released. It is
observed to oscillate up and down with frequency .
Suppose that the frequency  is believed to be a function of the hydrometer stem diameter D,
the bulb length L and diameter DB, the cylinder mass M and the specific weight of the liquid.
(i) Use the Buckingham pi theorem to show how  is related to these variables.
(ii) If the shape of the hydrometer remains unchanged but the mass M is doubled, what
happens to the frequency ?

A snow fence of height H consists of wooden slats of width b, spaced distance b apart (see above).
During a snow storm the fence removes energy from the air & snow stream resulting in depositon
of a snow drift behind the fence. It is found that the height h of the drift is a function of the number
of centimetres of snow deposited by the storm, d, height of the fence, H, width of slats in the fence,
b, wind speed, V, acceleration of gravity, g, air density,  and the specific weight of snow, s.
a) (5 marks) If this problem is to be studied with a model, determine the similarity requirements
for the model and the relationship between the drift depth for model and prototype.

b) (5 marks) A storm with winds of 50 km/h deposits 40cm of snow having a specific weight of
1.2 kN/m3. A 1/3 – sized scale model is to be used to investigate the effectiveness of a proposed
snow fence. If the air density is the same for the model and the storm, determine the required
specific weight of snow to be used in the model and the wind speed.

c) (5 marks) The two-dimensional flow of an inviscid, incompressible fluid in the vicinity of a 90°
corner can be described by the following stream function
Ψ = 2r 2 sin 2θ
Ψ has unit m2 /s and r is in meters. Find the corresponding velocity potential . Sketch on the
figure the lines of iso-potential, i.e. the contours of .

d) (5 marks) If the pressure at point 1 (see figure in part c) on the wall is 30 kPa, what is the
pressure at point 2? Assume the fluid density is 1000 kg/m3 and the x − y plane is horizontal.

A turbulent water jet of cross-section area
Ain delivers a flow rate 0.01m3/s at mean
velocity Vin = 5m/s. The jet hits a stationary
splitter that separates the incoming jet into
two outflowing jets.
a) (6 marks) If the splitter is positioned

symmetrically as shown, and the
outflowing jets each have cross-section
area equal to 0.6Ain, calculate the force
required to keep the splitter stationary.
Assume 𝜌 = 1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 for water and

that momentum correction factors =1. You
may neglect the effect of gravity.

b) (6 marks) The splitter is lowered slightly so that Aout,u = 2Aout,l = 0.9 Ain, It is observed that the
flow rate splits in proportion to the areas of the two outflowing jets. Calculate the force
required to keep the splitter stationary.

c) (8 marks) Suppose that the splitter is moved steadily to the right (away from the jet) at speed
Vs = 1m/s. Re-calculate the forces exerted on the splitter by the jet in each of a) and b).


Water for a sprinkler system of a large garden is to be drawn from an adjacent lake. The
sprinkler system is located on a hill 17.5 m above the lake surface. The pump is located 3m
above the lake surface. The sprinkler system requires 10 liter/s of water at 1 atm (gauge). The
piping on the suction side includes 25 m of a galvanized iron pipe (𝜖 = 0.15 𝑚𝑚) of diameter
10 cm with a screwed regular 45ο elbow and a screwed regular 90ο elbow. The discharge side
includes 50 m of the same pipe with two screwed regular 45ο elbow. Take water properties as:
kg
𝜌 = 1000 3 , 𝜇 = 0.0018 𝑃𝑎. 𝑠, 𝑝𝑣 = 1.4 𝑘𝑃𝑎
m
a) (6 marks) Evaluate the head loss in the suction and discharge sides.
b) (5 marks) Which one of

the pumps shown is
suitable for this system?
Calculate the efficiency
and break horse power of
that pump.

c) (6 marks) Is the pump selected in part b at risk of cavitation - explain?

d) (3 marks) The pump design allows modifying the rotational speed of pump. In order to have a
more efficient pump, do you suggest increasing the pump speed or decreasing it? Why?
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Mech 280, Final Exam: April 22nd 2017

Name: Student number:

Name: Student number:

Name: Student number:

Name: Student number:

Name: Student number:

Name: Student number:

a) (7 marks) A 1m diameter cylinder of

Assume 𝜌 = 1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 for water.

Name: Student number:

The water is now replaced by a liquid with specific

Name: Student number:

Name: Student number:

Name: Student number:

Name: Student number:

Name: Student number:

Name: Student number:

a) (6 marks) If the splitter is positioned

Assume 𝜌 = 1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 for water and

Name: Student number:

Name: Student number:

Name: Student number:

Name: Student number:

Name: Student number:

b) (5 marks) Which one of

Name: Student number:

Name: Student number:

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