rm ACTA PHYSICOCHIMICA U.R.S.S. VOL. XVII. No.

%~t

Draggin g o a Liqui d by a Movin g Plat e

B y J y . Landau a n d B. Levi eh-

On e of th e method s of depositin g a thi n laye r of liqui d

upo n a surfac e of a solid , whic h is wette d b y i t , consist e
of p u l l i n g ou t a n infinit e film wit h constan t spee d v0.
Thi s metho d is applied , i n particular , i n th e cinefil m manu ›
factur e w i t h th e purpos e of depositin g a unifor m laye r of photo ›
sensitiv e emulsio n upo n th e cinefil m base .
Fro m th e troug h containin g th e dissolve d photosensitiv e
emulsio n a n infinit e film , wette d b y th e solution , is pul ›
led out .
Afte r th e solven t ha s evaporated , a unifor m laye r of emul ›
sion is left deposite d upo n th e surfac e of th e film base .
Th e proble m of determinin g th e thicknes s of th e dragge d
laye r a s a functio n of th e spee d of th e motio n of th e film
an d of parameter s characteristi c of th e propertie s of th e flui d
(it s viscosit y , it s surfac e tensio n an d it s densit y p) is of
essentia l interes t for practice .
Numerou s attempt s at evaluatin g th e thicknes s of dragge d
laye r of flui d foun d i n literatur e contai n som e incorrec t
assumption s i n th e ver y basi s of th e metho d of computation ,
thu s leadin g t o erroneou s formula e for th e valu e of thi s
thickness .
I n th e presen t pape r th e thicknes s of th e laye r an d th e
quantit y of flui d carrie d alon g whe n p u l l i n g an infinit e plat e
ou t of a vessel, whic h is sufficientl y larg e t o permi t th e
neglectin g of th e effect of it s wall s an d of th e edge s of th e
plate , is evaluated .
Le t u s choos e a set of coordinate s in suc h a wa y a s t o mak e
(he plat e a plan e χ — 0 an d th e surfac e of th e liqui d undi§ -

DYNAMIC S O F CURVE D FRONT S 141 Reprinted horn Acta Physicochimica U.R.S.S.,

V o l . X V I I , No. 1-2, 1942.
 Dragging * of a L i q u i d b y a M o v i n g P l a t e 43

turbe d b y th e capillar y meniscu s (i. e. sufficientl y far fro m

th e plate ) th e plan e z — 0, wit h th e ζ axi s directe d upwar d
alon g th e p l a t e .
Firs t of a l l . let us conside r th e cas e of low velocit y
of motio n of th e plat e (it w Till be state d belo w whic h veloci›
tie s ca n stil l be considere d low).
In thi s cas e al l th e surfac e of th e liqui d ma y be separat ›
ed int o tw o independen t regions : th e regio n of th e surfac e
situate d hig h abov e th e meniscu s an d directl y dragge d by th e
plate , wher e th e surfac e of liqui d ma y b e take n t o be nearl y
paralle l t o th e plat e surface , an d th e regio n of th e meniscu s
of liquid , whic h will b e slightl y deforme d b y th e motio n
of th e plate , henc e th e shap e of th e surfac e will nearl y coin ›
cid e wit h th e shap e of stati c meniscus .
Below we shal l writ e dow n th e solution s of hydrodyna -
mica l equation s in bot h independen t region s an d the n connec t
bot h of th e solution s found .
Le t u s denot e by h th e thicknes s of a laye r of liquid ,
whe n measure d fro m th e plate . We shal l look for k = h(z)
in bot h of th e independen t regions . Firs t of a l l , Je t us writ e
dow n th e equation s for th e thicknes s of th e liqui d film carrie d
alon g by th e movin g plate , /. e. th e equation s for h in th e
firs t region .
Sinc e th e surfac e of th e liqui d in th e firs f regio n is nearl y
flat , if is clea r tha t th e motio n of th e movin g liqui d i n thi s
regio n w i l l als o be nearl y flat . In othe r words , th e mai n
componen t of th e motio n of th e liqui d in th e firs t regio n
will b e th e flowin g dow n of i t nearl y p\ralle l t o th e plat e
surface .
Thi s peculiarit y ma y b e used in orde r to simplif y th e
equation s of hydrodynamic s suitabl y for thi s case .
In fact , i t is eviden t tha t th e onl y componen t of th e velo›
cit y of flui d whic h play s an essentia l par t is th e vertica l
(alon g th e ζ axis ) componen t w.,.
I t is eviden t a s well tha t th e gradient s of th e velocit y
d
alon g th e directio n norma l t o th e plat e £* ar e larg e as com ›
pare d wit h th e gradient s of velocit y alon g tb e plat e ^ .

142 PART II . COLLECTE D PAPER S

 44 L. Landa u an d B. Levic h

Therefor e th e motio n of a liqui d carrie d alon g wit h th e

plat e is describe d b y th e equation s of th e P r a n d t l boun ›
dar y layer , whic h in th e s t a t i o n a ^ cas e hav e th e form :

Here , for th e sak e of brevity , th e componen t of th e v e l o ›

cit y u2 is designate d simpl y b y a. Othe r symbol s hav e thei r
usua l meaning .
As th e boundar y condition s for equation s (1) an d (2) th e follo›
win g condition s will serve : on th e surfac e of th e plate , n o slip
betwee n th e liqui d an d th e plat e occurs , henc e

//• = u0 at i = 0. (3)

Her e c0 is th e velocit y of motio n of th e plate .

On th e fre e surfac e of th e liquid , a t x = h(z)y wher e h is
th e thicknes s of th e liqui d layer , th e pressur e insid e th e liqui d
mus t b e equa l t o th e capillar y pressur e pz and , moreover ,
th e tangen t stres s mus t be absent , so that :

P = P*> )
ôu A x = h. (4)
^= ’ j
Th e capillar y pressur e is know n t o equa l

ο bein g th e surfac e tension , R — th e radiu s of curvatur e of th e

turface .
Substitutin g th e well-know n expressio n for th e radiu s
of curvatur e E , w e get :
d*h

P, - , r,,. „t/. · (•>)

[-GOT"
As lon g as th e thicknes s of th e laye r of th e liqui d carrie d
alon g is ver y small , i t is eviden t tha t th e curvatur e of th e
surfac e of th e liqui d in th e vicinit y of th e plat e als o will

DRAGGIN G OF A LIQUI D BY A MOVIN G PLAT E 143

 Dragging * of a L i q u i d b y a M o v i n g P l a t e 45

be ver y small . Therefore , th e squar e of dh/dz in th e denominato r

of equatio n (5 ) ma y be neglected , an d th e followin g equatio n for
th e capillar y pressur e i n th e regio n of th e liqui d carrie d alon g
ma y b e finall y writte n down :

P z * - ° d f (5 )

Therefore , th e firs t of th e boundar y condition s (4) ma y

be rewritte n as follows:
d2h t j

However , it follows fro m equalio n (2) tha t th e pressur e is con ›

stan t alon g th e thicknes s of th e liqui d layer carrie d along .
Thus , no t onl y on th e fre e surface , bu t throughou t insid e
th e liqui d pressur e is als o given b y
d2h .

Th e solutio n of equatio n (1) satisfyin g th e boundar y condi ›

tion s (3) an d (4) is:

+G2M) (?-**)-
=«.+(?- • S)( -*0 m
wher e th e valu e of ρ i s substitute d fro m equatio n (6).
Le t us finall y mak e us e of th e continuit y equation , in orde r
t o connec t th e thicknes s of th e liqui d laye r w i t h th e flow
of th e flui d carrie d alon g b y th e plate .
Fo r stead y motio n of th e fluid , keepin g i n min d th e incom -
pressibilit y of fluid , we may , evidently , writ e dow n th e con›
tinuit y equatio n in th e form :
h
/= ^ u dh = const ,

wher e / i s th e flux of th e flui d per uni t of widt h of th e plate .

Substitutin g th e valu e of u fro m equatio n (7), we obtain :
, f d*h\ Λ» rs.

144 PART IL COLLECTE D PAPER S

 46 L. Landa u and B. Levich

Equatio n (8) define s th e thicknes s of liqui d laye r h(z) far fro m

th e surfac e of th e flui d (in th e firs t r e g i o n 1) .
I n th e secon d region , nea r th e flui d surface , th e thicknes s
h(z)j a s ha s bee n sai d above , is determine d b y th e equatio n
for th e stati c meniscus .
Le t us rewrit e equatio n (8) in a mor e suitabl e form :
d*h 3 (j—v0h) og

Le t us introduc e a ne w dimensionles s coordinat e º determine d

b y th e equatio n

"(«ri’ .
an d a dimensionles s expressio n for th e thicknes s of th e liqui d
<*>
laye r
(º) = ?•*<˛> . (10)

Then , introducin g º an d (º) int o equatio n (8’), . we find :

8 - 0 ,
SX* μ " ! ^ ^ ( 4 1)

Th e orde r of magnitud e of th e las t ter m i n equatio n (11) whic h

contain s al l th e dimensiona l quantitie s involve d in th e problem ,
is determine d b y th e kin d of dependenc e of th e flux / on th e
velocit y of th e plat e v0. If th e flu x / is proportiona l t o v0 in
th e power highe r tha n 2/ 3 , the n th e las t ter m i n equatio n ( l i ) w i l l
be simpl y proportiona l t o u 0, an d for sufficientl y smal l value s
of velocit y of elevatio n v0 will be smal l as compare d wit h u n i t y .
We assum e th e flu x / t o depen d on v0 i n th e wa y mention ›
ed above . The n th e las t ter m in equatio n (11) is i n fac t smal l
as compare d wit h bot h th e firs t one s an d ma y therefor e be
neglected . It w i l l b e show n late r tha t thi s assumptio n turn s
ou t t o hol d withi n som e region s of velocitie s of elevatio n
of th e plate . Thus , th e regio n of v a l i d i t y of solution s of equatio n
(11) obtaine d on th e basi s of thi s assumptio n w i l l b e defined .

1
One of us (B. L θ v i c h) ha s been kindl y informe d by ´. V- D θ r -
j a g u i n tha t he was firs t to obtai n thi s equation . However , ´. V. D e r -
j a g u i n, has failed to deriv e from it an y particula r conclusion s con›
cernin g th e thicknes s of th e film carrie d along .

DRAGGIN G OF A LIQUI D BY A MOVIN G PLAT E 145

 D r a g g i n g of a L i q u i d b y a M o v i n g P l a t e 47

Neglectin g th e las t ter m in equatio n (11), we g e t finall y

dz\*. 1 —μ
(12)

Th e followin g condition s serv e as th e boundar y condition s

for equatio n (12): on th e uppe r boundar y of th e region , for ver y
larg e value s of ζ (far fro m th e surfac e of th e liquid ) th e thick ›
ness of th e liqui d laye r h mus t ten d to a constan t limi t /?, .
whic h evidentl y equals :
r z
Κ ~ f ~’ v 00
•

Th e derivative s dh/dz an d d2h/dz* mus t in thi s case ten d

t o zero .
Therefore , in term s of dimensionles s quantitie s º an d ,
th e boundar y condition s ma y on th e uppe r boundar y of th e
regio n b e writte n dow n i n th e form :
>1
V
άλ for k - * oo. (13)

dA*

I n orde r t o determin e th e boundar y condition s on th e lower

boundar y of th e region , a t smal l value s of ζ (nea r th e meniscus) ,
lei u s tur n t o th e equation s for th e stati c meniscus , whic h
determine s th e shap e of th e surfac e of th e laye r in th e second
region .
Th e equation s for th e stati c meniscu s have , a s is known ,
th e followin g form :
dVi
dzz

Integratin g equatio n (14), we fin d

dh
dz
W 3i + = c

[’+(£) ] " " *

Th e constan t of integratio n ma y b e determine d fro m th e boun ›
dar y condition s far awa y fro m th e plate . In thi s cas e precisel y

PART II . COLLECTE D PAPER S

 48 L. Landa u an d B. Levich

2—>Oand dh/dz~*Q, i. e. th e surfac e of th e flui d is horizontal .

Therefor e c = 1 an d
dh
dz_
(15)
{dh^

2
Th e quantit y (jf) enterin g th e equation s (14) an d (15) is
th e Laplac e capillar y constant , havin g dimensionalit y of th e
length . Th e capillar y constan t is th e characteristi c lengt h of th e
proble m of th e stati c meniscus . If we shal l designat e i t b y a,
the n equatio n (14) an d (15) ma y be writte n dow n i n th e form :

d*h
dz*__ s
(140

dh
dz
1. (15’ )

Equation s (14) an d (15) determin e th e thicknes s of th e laye r

of liqui d A (ζ) i n th e secon d regio n close t o th e meniscus .
At smal l value s of A(z), smal l as compare d w i t h th e capillar y
constant , an d larg e value s of z, th e solutio n of th e equalit y (14)
mus t evidentl y go over int o th e solutio n of th e equatio n (12) for
th e thicknes s of th e film carrie d along . W e must , therefore ,
chai n togethe r th e solutio n of equatio n (12) wit h tha t of equatio n
(11). Th e condition s of chainin g togethe r of bot h th e equation s
will a t th e sam e tim e serv e a t th e sough t for boundar y condition s
of equatio n (11) at th e lower boundar y of th e firs t region .
Th e condition s of chainin g togethe r of bot h solution s shal l
be obtaine d fro m equatio n (15’ ) wit h th e ai d of th e transitio n
t o th e limi t of th e smal l thicknesse s A~->0.
It is clear tha t w i t h A tendin g t o zer o th e quantit y dh/dz
i n th e formul a (15’ ) w i l l ten d to zer o a s well. Sinc e th e sur ›
fac e of th e liqui d wettin g th e film i n th e v i c i n i t y of th e film
itsel f woul d b e almos t vertical , we fin d a t th e sam e tim e
fro m equatio n (15) tha t t o th e thickness , tendin g t o «er o an d t o th e

DRAGGIN G OF A LIQUI D BY A MOVIN G PLAT E 147

 D r a g g i n g of a L i q u i d b y a M o v i n g P l a t e 49

almos t vertica l surfac e of th e liquid , th e finit e altitude , tend ›

i n g t o th e limi t valu e
z->2a (16)
corresponds .
Next , wit h th e aido f equatio n (14) we fin d a t thesam e tim e tha t
th e secon d derivativ e of th e thicknes s d*h/dz2 i n th e stati c solutio n
lend s t o th e limi t

dz* a ' - '

Goin g over to th e dimensionles s coordinat e º an d to th e thick ›

ness , we find , wit h th e a i d o f equation s (19), (10), (16), (17):

_
I <** ’ ^ ( 3 ) ^ ’

Thus , we see tha t th e boundar y wit h th e firs t region , ,

tend s t o a constan t limit , determine d b y equatio n (18).
L e t us tur n now t o th e boundar y condition s of equatio n (11)
a t th e lower boundar y of th e region . Her e th e thicknes s of
th e film of th e liqui d carrie d alon g w i l l b e larg e as compare d
wit h th e l i m i t thicknes s = 1. a t th e uppe r boundar y of th e
region . I n othe r words , th e value a of tendin g t o infinit y
correspon d t o th e lower boundar y of th e region . Therefore , we
mus t fin d th e boundar y condition s of equatio n (11) wit h > oc.
Thus , th e boundarie s of bot h independen t region s overlap ,
> o o correspond s t o th e lower boundar y of th e firs t region ,
> 0 t o th e uppe r boundar y of th e secon d region .
W e shal l require , a s a conditio n for chainin g togethe r th e
solution s of bot h regions , th e continuit y of th e secon d deri -
vativ e - d J ,l

Fro m th e poin t of v i e w of geometry , th e continuit y of

expresse s th e continuit y of th e curvatur e of th e surfac e i n th e
regio n of smal l curvatures . I f we shal l designat e b y Æ th e limi t
lim (Jfti) > wher e is th e solutio n of equatio n (11), the n w i t h
A c t a P h y s i c o c h i m i c a U . R . S . S . V o l . X V I I . N o . 1—2. 4

148 PART II . COLLECTE D PAPER S

 50 L . L a n d a u a n d ˆ». L e v i c h

th e ai d of equatio n (18) th e conditio n of chainin g togethe r th e

solution s for bot h region s ma y b e writte n i n th e form :

;
{d^J^O £’»<3 ) >»

Inasmuc h as no dimensiona l quantitie s ente r equatio n (11), Æ is

a pur e number . Th e quantit y Æ ma y b e foun d b y mean s of th e
numerica l integratio n of equatio n (11), whic h will b e performe d
below .
Equatio n (19) gives us

( 2 0)

Th e conditio n (20) will be discusse d late r on . I n orde r t o per ›

for m th e numerica l integratio n (11), i t is necessar y t o investi ›
gat e in mor e detai l th e characte r of th e tendin g of th e deriva ›
2 2
tive s dfi/dX an d d \i/d) to zer o wit h º increasin g infinitely , i. e.
a t th e uppe r boundar y of th e regio n [see equatio n (13)]. I t ma y b e
establishe d fro m th e behaviou r of th e asymptoti c solution s
of equatio n (11).
Namely , for sufficientl y larg e value s of º, th e thicknes s
may , evidently , be represente d i n th e form :

μ(λ) = ι + Μ>0
wit h μ, (λ) < 1.
The n substitutin g th e valu e μ (λ) fro m equatio n (21) int o
equatio n (11), we find , afte r neglectin g th e square s of smal l
quantities , th e linea r equatio n for μ/.

3?--*· (22)
As th e boundar y condition s for equatio n (22) serves :

μ2 0 for λ > oo.

As a particula r solutio n of equatio n (22), satisfyin g thi s

boundar y condition , ma y serve :

μ, = cons t • e~}.

DRAGGIN G O F A LIQUI D BY A MOVIN G PLAT E 149

 D r a g g i n g of a L i q u i d b y a M o v i n g P l a t e 51

I t is eviden t a t th e sam e tim e tha t

^ = - const-*-> =

cL o en r s
rfF ' ^ '

Thus , a t larg e value s of º we hav e th e followin g asymptoti c

equation s for Æ an d for it s derivatives :

= 1 _|_ cons t • e~K, (23)

* = (2:r>

Th e value s of th e constan t figurin g in equatio n (23) tur n ou t

to be unessentia l for our purpose . Fo r th e direc t performanc e of
th e numerica l integratio n of equatio n (11), w i t h boundar y con ›
d i t i o n s ^ ) , (23’ ) an d (23" ) kep t in mind , it woul d be convenien t
t o lower th e orde r of th e equation , choosing ^X as th e ne w variabl e
quantity , an d ( D [ J . / D X ) 2 a s th e ne w unknow n function . If we
shal l designat e ( D J X / D X ) 2 b y , then , afte r simpl e transformations ,
we fin d th e followin g equatio n for

*l=HLz£. 24) (
d«2 ' μ3 Υ ξ
Th e boundar y condition s (23) (23" ) ma y be no w writte n
dow n a s

άξ
< Ί _ . 2( Æ - 1 ) j ( 2 5>

for p. > 1.
W e ar e directl y intereste d in th e quantit y Æ equa l in th e
ne w designation s t o

Æ lim ( ^ 2 ^ ) ^ ^ 2 ^ M Ο Μ >) Μ ~ > £ ,"

Th e numerica l analysi s of equatio n (18) wit h boundar y con ›

ditio n (27) gives for Æ th e valu e

Æ - 0 . 6 3 . ..

150 PART II . COLLECTE D PAPER S

 L . L a n d a u an d B. Levic h
52
Substitutin g thi s valu e of Æ int o equatio n (20) for th e flu x of
th e fluid , we get finall y
η
/ = 2.29 . (200

W e see thu s tha t th e condition s of chainin g togethe r of th e

solution s in bot h region s a l l o w t o expres s th e flu x / b y th e
characteristi c quantitie s of our problem . It follows fro m equatio n
(20) tha t th e quantit y of th e flui d carrie d alon g b y a slowly movin g
plat e is directl y proportiona l t o th e velocit y of th e movemen t
v0 to th e powe r /5 3 , an d t o th e viscosit y of th e flui d t o th e
powe r /2s , an d is inversel y proportiona l t o th e tensio n t o th e
powe r 7 e (/. e. it show s a ver y s l i g h t dependenc e on th e sur ›
face tension) .
Th e l i m i t thicknes s of th e laye r of th e liqui d carrie d alon g
b y th e plat e far awa y fro m th e meniscu s of th e fluid , i. e.
at = 1, w o u l d b e [cf. (10)]:

º, = 2 . 2 9 : ^ ^ . (26)

W e see, therefore , tha t th e l i m i t thicknes s of th e laye r of

liqui d carrie d alon g is proportiona l t o th e velocit y of th e eleva ›
tio n of th e plat e an d t o it s viscosit y t o th e powe r /23» a dn
show s a rathe r sligh t dependenc e on th e surfac e tension , bein g
inversel y proportiona l t o i t t o th e powe r /1e*.
Le t us ascertai n no w th e condition s of th e applicabilit y of
th e formula e receive d [equation s (20) an d (21)] for th e con ›
sumptio n an d for th e thicknes s of th e laye r carrie d along .
I n goin g over fro m (15) t o (16), we omi t th e las t ter m of
equatio n (15), on th e assumptio n tha t th e quantit y æ£/*/3 Ø? is
smal l as compare d wit h unity .
Substitutin g for / it s v a l u e obtaine d fro m formul a (22), we
fin d tha t thi s quantit y is reall y smal l as compare d w i t h unity ,
an d our calculatio n is legitimat e if th e followin g inequalit y is
fulfilled :
V 3
( ^ ) « i , i-e. (27)

i. e. a t suificientl y smal l value s of th e velocit y of th e plate .

DRAGGIN G OF A LIQUI D BY A MOVIN G PLAT E 151

 Draggin g of a Liqui d by a Moving Plat e 53

Th e expression s obtaine d for / an d h seem t o be in good

accordanc e w i t h th e experiment . Indeed , th e experimen t show s
[ha t th e thicknes s of th e laye r carrie d alon g is proportiona l
a t smal l velocitie s t o i\ t o th e powe r 0.6, whic h agree s w i t h
th e powe r inde x obtaine d b y us .
In th e opposit e l i m i t i n g case , whe n th e v e l o c i t y o0 turn s
ou t t o b e greate r tha n / , th e given calculatio n become s inap ›
plicable . Namely , th e suppositio n tha t al l th e surfac e of th e
flui d ma y be spli t int o t w o independen t regions , whic h ha s
led t o al l th e expression s writte n above , does no t hol d her e an y
longer . I t is impossibl e t o obtai n in thi s case th e exac t expression s
for / an d h. However , on th e basi s of dimensionalit y consi ›
derations , th e genera l characte r of th e dependenc e of thes e
quantitie s on th e fundamenta l parameter s ?; 0, , æ an d at
sufficientl y larg e velocit y ma y b e pointe d out .
Namely , it is clear tha t a t hig h velocitie s th e consumptio n
/ an d th e thicknes s h of th e laye r carrie d alon g shoul d no t depen d
on th e surfac e tension . Fro m th e viewpoin t of physics , thi s ma y
be seen fro m th e fac t tha t at sufficientl y hig h velocitie s of
th e plate , th e shap e of th e entir e surfac e of th e flui d woul d
he determine d b y th e characte r of th e proces s oi carryin g along ,
an d no t b y th e stati c propertie s of th e surfac e of th e fluid .
Therefore , a t hig h vefocitie s of th e plate , th e thicknes s of th e
laye r carrie d alon g mus t depen d onl y on th e quantitie s u 0, , \>
an d g. Th e onl y quantit y of th e dimensionalit y of length ,
whic h ma y be obtaine d fro m th?s e quantities , is th e quantit y
1 / 2
Mpg) -
Therefore , a t sufficientl y hig h velocitie s of th e elevatio n
of th e plate , th e thicknes s of th e laye r of liqui d carrie d alon g
mus t hav e th e form :

(28)

an d th e consumptio n

Th e numerica l valu e of th e constan t Λ ma y be foun d onl y b y

mean s of experiment .

152 PART II . COLLECTE D PAPER S

 54 L. Landa u an d B. Levich

F i n a l l y , i n th e intermediat e regio n of velocities , i t ma y be

seen ou t of dimensionalit y consideration s tha t th e thicknes s of
th e laye r carrie d alon g mus t hav e th e followin g form :

wher e /(^ 0 / ) is som e functio n of th e dimensionles s paramete r

*; 0 / , th e for m of whic h mus t be foun d b y experiment .
I n bot h th e l i m i t case s of larg e an d smal l value s of ı 0 /
th e functio n ί{ν -η/ο)0 tend s accordingl y t o unit y an d t o (^ 0 / ) •,/
respectively , s o tha t equatio n (29) goes over int o equation s (28)
or (26).
In conclusio n we shoul d lik e t o expres s our gratitud e t o
M. M. K u s s a k o v an d ´. V. D e r j a g u i n , wh o hav e calle d
ou r attentio n t o th e experimenta l an d th e technica l interes t of
th e proble m treate d here .

Academ y of Sciences of th e USSR,

Institut e for Physica l Problems . Received
I nst i tu te of Colloid Chemistr y and Electrochem i s try . June 15,1942.

DRAGGIN G OF A LIQUI D BY A MOVIN G PLAT E