Chapter 2

Trigonometric Ratio

2.1 Trigonometry of Right Angle Triangles

Find the exact values of the six trigonometric ratios of the angle θ in the triangle.

8
θ θ
5
3 15

1. 4
4.

24 2
θ

2.
θ
5. 3

θ 40

41 θ
8

3. 6. 7

Find the value of sine, cosine, tangent and secant of α and β in the following triangles.

13
14 CHAPTER 2. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO

α
β 4

3 7
β

α
7. 5
8.

Find the value of x in the following triangles.

4
25

x
30o
9. 30o

12.

12

45o
x

12

37o
x
10. 13.

60o x

13
53o
12

11. 14.
2.1. TRIGONOMETRY OF RIGHT ANGLE TRIANGLES 15

Express x and y in terms of trigonometric ratios of θ.

28 y
y x

θ θ
x 4
15. 16.

One of the trigonometric ratios of a triangle is given below. Find the other five trigonometric
ratios.

3 7
17. sinθ = 5 19. cotθ = 1 21. secθ = 2

9
√ 13
18. cosθ = 40 20. tanθ = 3 22. cscθ = 12

Evaluate the expression without using calculator.

23. sin π6 +cos π6 26. (sin60o )2 + (cos60o )2

24. sin30o +csc30o 27. (cos30o )2 − (sin30o )2

25. sin30o cos60o +sin60o cos30o 28. (sin π3 cos π4 −sin π4 cos π3 )2

Find the value of x in the following figures.

100

60o 30o
x
29.
16 CHAPTER 2. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO

30o
85

60o 30o
x
30.

85 x
o
60 32.

60o

31.

33. Express the length x in the terms of the 34. Express the lengths a, b, c and d in the figure
trigonometric ratios of θ. in the terms of the trigonometric ratios of θ. The
circle in the figure is a unit circle.

10
θ c
b
a

x d
2.1. TRIGONOMETRY OF RIGHT ANGLE TRIANGLES 17

Answers
4 3 4 5 5 3
1. sinθ = 5 cosθ = 5 tanθ = 3 secθ = 3 cosecθ = 4 cotθ = 4

7 24 7 25 25 24
2. sinθ = 25 cosθ = 25 tanθ = 24 secθ = 24 cosecθ = 7 cotθ = 7

40 9 40 41 41 9
3. sinθ = 41 cosθ = 41 tanθ = 9 secθ = 9 cosecθ = 40 cotθ = 40

15 8 15 17 17 8
4. sinθ = 17 cosθ = 17 tanθ = 8 secθ = 8 cosecθ = 15 cotθ = 15
√ √
√2 √3 2 13 13 3
5. sinθ = 13
cosθ = 13
tanθ = 3 secθ = 3 cosecθ = 2 cotθ = 2
√ √ √
15 7 15 8 √8 15
6. sinθ = 8 cosθ = 8 tanθ = 8 secθ = 7 cosecθ = 15
cotθ = 7
√
√3 √5 3 34
7. sinα = 34
cosα = 34
tanα = 5 secα = 5
√
√5 √3 5 34
sinβ = 34
cosβ = 34
tanβ = 3 secβ = 3
√
8. sinα = 4
7 cosα = 733 tanα = √4
33
secα = √7
33
√ √
33 33
sinβ = 7 cosβ = 74 tanβ = 4 secβ = 7
4

25
√
13 3
√ √
9. 2 10. 2 11. 12 2 12. 4 3 13. 16 14. 15

15. x = 28cosθ y = 28sinθ 16. x = 4tanθ y = 4secθ

3 4 3 5 5 4
17. sinθ = 5 cosθ = 5 tanθ = 4 secθ = 4 cosecθ = 3 cotθ = 3
√ √
7 31 9 7 31 40 40 √9
18. sinθ = 40 cosθ = 40 tanθ = 9 secθ = 9 cosecθ = √
7 31
cotθ = 7 31
√ √
19. sinθ = √1 cosθ = √1 tanθ = 1 secθ = 2 cosecθ = 2 cotθ = 1
2 2
√
3 1
√
20. sinθ = cosθ = tanθ = 3 secθ = 2 cosecθ = √2 cotθ = √1
2 2 3 3
√ √
3 5 2 3 5 7 7 2
21. sinθ = 7 cosθ = 7 tanθ = 2 secθ = 2 cosecθ = √
3 5
cotθ = √
3 5

12 5 12 13 13 5
22. sinθ = 13 cosθ = 13 tanθ = 5 secθ = 5 cosecθ = 12 cotθ = 12

√ √
1+ 3 5 1 2− 3
23. 2 24. 2 25. 1 26. 1 27. 2 28. 4

400 170 340 10

29. √
3
30. √
3
31. 3
32. √
3
33. 10 tanθ sinθ

34. a = sinθ b = tanθ c = secθ d = cosθ

18 CHAPTER 2. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO
Chapter 3

Circular Functions

3.1 Degree and Radians

Convert the following angles into radian:

1. 72o 5. −75o 9. 96o

2. 54o 6. −300o 10. 15o

3. −45o 7. 1080o 11. 7.5o

4. −60o 8. 3960o 12. 202.5o

Convert the following angles into degrees:

7π π
13. 3 17. 3 21. 10

11π 5π
14. 3 18. −2 22. 18

15. − 5π
4 19. −1.2 23. − 2π
15

3π
16. 2 20. 3.4 24. − 13π
12

3.2 Coterminal angles

Find two nearest positive and negative angles coterminal with the following angles:

11π
25. 50o 27. −45o 29. 6

3π
26. 135o 28. 4 30. − π4

Determine whether the following pairs of angles are coterminal:

5π 17π
31. 70o , 430o 33. 6 , 6 35. 155o , 875o

32π 11π
32. −30o , 330o 34. 6 , 6 36. 50o , 340o

19
20 CHAPTER 3. CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS

Find the angle between 0o and 360o that is coterminal with the following angles:

37. 733o 39. 1110o 41. −800o

38. 361o 40. −100o 42. 1270o

Find the angle between 0 and 2π that is coterminal with the following angles:

17π 17π
43. 6 45. 87π 47. 4

44. − 7π
3 46. 10 48. 51π
2

3.3 The angle and the arc

D

A 5 E

140o
C

49. Find the lentgth of the arc CDE in the figure

10

50. Find the angle θ in the figure:

2rad

51. Find the radius r of the circle in the figure:

52. Find the length of an arc that subtends a central angle of 45o in a circle of radius 10 m.
3.4. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF REAL NUMBERS 21

53. Find the length of an arc that subtends a central angle of 2 rad in circle of radius 2 km.

54. An arch of length 100 m is subtends a central angle θ in a circle of radius 50m. Find θ in degrees
and radians.

π
55. Find the radius of the circle if an arc of length 6 m on the circle subtends a central angle of 6
rad.

56. Find the area of the sector shown in each figure.

80o
0.5 rad
8 10

a. b.

57. Find the radius of each circle if the area of the sector is 12.

150o
0.7 rad

a. b.

58. Find the area of a sector with central angle 1 rad in a circle of radius 10 m.

59. The area of a sector of a circle with central angle of 2 rad is 16 m2 . Find the radius of the circle.

60. The area of a circle is 72 cm2 . Find the area of a sector of this circle that subtends a central
angle of π6

3.4 Trigonometric Functions of Real Numbers

Find the value of the following trigonometric functions.

61. a. sin 2π
3 b. cos 2π
3 c. tan 2π
3

62. a. sin 5π
6 b. cos 5π
6 c. tan 5π
6

63. a. sin 7π
6 b. sin(− π6 ) c. sin 11π
6
22 CHAPTER 3. CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS

64. a. cos 5π
3 b. cos(− 5π
3 ) c. cos 7π
3

65. a. cos 3π
4 b. cos 5π
4 c. cos 7π
4

66. a. sin 3π
4 b. sin 5π
4 c. cos 7π
4

67. a. sin 7π
3 b. cosec 7π
3 c. cot 7π
3

68. a. cos(− π3 ) b. sec(− π3 ) c. tan(− π3 )

69. a. sin(− π2 ) b. cos(− π2 ) c. cot(− π2 )

70. a. sin(− 3π
2 ) b. cos(− 3π
2 ) c. cot(− 3π
2 )

71. a. sec 11π

3 b. cosec 11π
3 c. sec(− π3 )

72. a. cos 7π
6 b. sec 7π
6 c. cosec 7π
6

73. a. tan 5π
6 b. tan 7π
6 c. tan 11π
6

74. a. cot(− π3 ) b. cot 2π

3 c. cot 5π
3

75. a. cos(− π4 ) b. cosec(− π4 ) c. cot(− π4 )

76. a. sin 5π
4 b. sec 5π
4 c. tan 5π
4

77. a. cosec(− π2 ) b. cosec π2 c. cosec 3π

2

78. a. sec(−π) b. secπ c. sec4π

79. a. sin13π b. cos14π c. tan15π

80. a. sin 25π

2 b. cos 25π
2 c. cot 25π
2

Find the sign of the expression if the angle θ is in the given quadrant.

sinθcosθ
81. sinθ cosθ, quadrant II 83. cotθ , quadrant III

82. tanθ secθ, quadrant IV 84. cosθ secθ, any quadrant

From the information given, find the quadrant in which θ lies.

85. sinθ > 0 and cosθ < 0 87. cosecθ > 0 and secθ < 0

86. tanθ > 0 and sinθ < 0 88. cosθ > 0 and cotθ < 0

Write the first expression in terms of the second if theta lies in the given quadrant.
3.4. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF REAL NUMBERS 23

89. sinθ, cosθ; quadrant II 94. cosecθ, cotθ; quadrant III

90. cosθ, sinθ; quadrant IV 95. tanθ, secθ; quadrant III

91. tanθ, sinθ; quadrant IV 96. sinθ, secθ; quadrant IV

92. tanθ, cosθ; quadrant III 97. tan2 θ, sinθ; any quadrant

93. secθ, tanθ; quadrant II 98. sec2 θsin2 θ, cosθ; any quadrant

Find the values of trigonometric functions of θ from the given information.

99. sinθ = 35 , θ in quad II 103. tanθ = − 43 , cosθ > 0

100. cosθ = − 45 , θ in quad III 104. secθ = 2, sinθ < 0

101. secθ = 3, θ in quad IV 105. sinθ = − 14 , secθ < 0

102. tanθ = 41 , θ in quad III 106. tanθ = −4, cosecθ > 0

24 CHAPTER 3. CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS

Answers

2π 3π
1. 5 2. 10 3. − π4 4. − π3 5. − 5π
12 6. − 5π
3

8π π π 9π
7. 3π 8. 22π 9. 15 10. 12 11. 24 12. 8

13. 210o 14. 660o 15. −225o 16. 270o 17. 172o 18. −114.6o

19. −68.8o 20. 194.8o 21. 36o 22. 50o 23. −24o 24. −195o

25. −670o , −310o , 410o , 770o 26. −585o , −225o , 495o , 1080o 27. −765o , −405o , 315o , 675o

28. − 13π 5π 11π 19π

4 ,− 4 , 4 , 4 29. − 13π π 23π 35π
6 ,−6, 6 , 6 30. − 17π 9π 7π 15π
4 ,− 4 , 4 , 4

31. Yes 32. Yes 33. Yes 34. No 35. Yes 36. No

37. 13o 38. 1o 39. 30o 40. 260o 41. 120o 42. 190o

5π 5π π 3π
43. 6 44. 3 45. π 46. 10 − 2π 47. 4 48. 2

55π 5π
49. 9 50. 2 rad 51. 4 52. 2 cm 53. 4 km

36
54. 2 rad, 114.6o 55. π cm

q
56. a. 128π 57. a. √12 b. 240
9 sq. unit b. 25 sq. unit 3π 7

58. 50 m2 59. 4 m 60. 12 cm2

√
3
√
61. a. 2 b. − 12 c. − 3 66. a. √1
2
b. − √12 c. − √12
√ √
1 3
62. a. 2 b. − 2 c. − √13 67. a. 2
3
b. √2
3
c. √1
3
√
63. a. − 21 b. − 12 c. − 12 68. a. 1
2 b. 2 c. − 3

1 1 1
64. a. 2 b. 2 c. 2 69. a. −1 b. 0 c. 0

65. a. − √12 b. − √12 c. √1

2
70. a. −1 b. 0 c. 0
3.4. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF REAL NUMBERS 25

71. a. 2 b. − √23 c. 2 76. a. − √12 b. − √12 c. 1

√
3
72. a. − 2 b. − √23 c. −2 77. a. −1 b. 1 c. −1

73. a. − √13 b. √1
3
c. − √13 78. a. −1 b. −1 c. 1

74. a. − √13 b. − √13 c. − √13 79. a. 0 b. 1 c. 0

75. a. √1 b. − √12 c. −1 80. a. 1 b. 0 c. 0

2

81. -ve 82. -ve 83. +ve 84. +ve

85. II 86. III 87. II 88. IV

√ √ √
1−cos2 θ
√
89. 1 − cos2 θ 90. − 1 − sin2 θ 91. √ sinθ 92. − 93. − 1 + tan2 θ
1−sin2 θ cosθ

√ √ √
sec2 θ−1 sin2 θ
√
1−cos2 θ
94. − 1 + cot2 θ 95. − sec2 θ − 1 96. secθ 97. 1−sin2 θ 98. cosθ

3
99. sinθ = 5 cosθ = − 45 tanθ = − 34 cosecθ = 5
3 secθ = − 45 cotθ = − 34

100. sinθ = − 35 cosθ = − 45 tanθ = 3

4 cosecθ = − 35 secθ = − 45 cotθ = 4
3
√
8 1
√
101. sinθ = − 3 cosθ = 3 tanθ = − 8 cosecθ = − √38 secθ = 3 cot−θ = √1
8
√ √
17
102. sinθ = − √117 cosθ = − √417 tanθ = 1
4 cosecθ = − 17 secθ = − 4 cotθ = 4

103. sinθ = − 35 cosθ = 4

5 tanθ = − 34 cosecθ = − 35 secθ = 5
4 cotθ = − 34
√
3 1
√
104. sinθ = − 2 cosθ = 2 tanθ = − 3 cosecθ = − √23 secθ = 2 cotθ = − √13
√
15
√
105. sinθ = − 14 cosθ = − 4 tanθ = √1
15
cosecθ = −4 secθ = − √415 cotθ = 15
√
17
√
106. sinθ = √4 cosθ = − √117 tanθ = −4 cosecθ = secθ = − 17 cotθ = − 41
17 4