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TANAP ESDD Report - Final - English
TANAP ESDD Report - Final - English
TANAP ESDD Report - Final - English
FINAL
JUNE 2017
INDEPENDENT ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL CONSULTANT
www.sustainability.net.au
TABLES
Table 5-1 PR 1 Findings Summary.................................................................................................... 24
Table 5-2 PR 2 Findings Summary.................................................................................................... 36
Table 5-3 PR 3 Findings Summary.................................................................................................... 44
Table 5-4 PR 4 Findings Summary.................................................................................................... 52
Table 5-5 PR 5 Findings Summary.................................................................................................... 65
Table 5-6 PR 6 Findings Summary.................................................................................................... 80
Table 5-7 PR 8 Findings Summary.................................................................................................... 90
Table 5-8 PR 10 Findings Summary .................................................................................................. 93
Table 8-1 High Level Compliance Evaluation – Associated Infrastructure ............................................ 100
FIGURES
Figure 1.1 TANAP Pipeline Overview ................................................................................................... 4
Figure 1.2 TANAP Pipeline Route Within Turkey ................................................................................... 5
Figure 5.1 Pipeline Route Assessment Process ................................................................................... 16
Figure 5.2 ESIA Consultation approach .............................................................................................. 17
Figure 6.1 Turkish EIA Process ......................................................................................................... 97
The Project is substantially commenced, with construction works having started on all 4 Lots of the
pipeline route. Construction contracts for the offshore pipeline have been awarded but works have
not yet commenced. Relevant dates for the remainder of the construction period include:
The IESC observed strong adherence to the EBRD Environmental and Social Policy requirements as
communicated through the respective Environmental and Social Performance Requirements (PRs) of
the EBRD. TANAP personnel involved in the ESDD process were open, transparent, and willing to
provide all requested documentation and assistance to the IESC before, during and after the site visit
in order to facilitate the finalisation of this ESDD. The structure of the ESDD Report is outlined at the
end of this Executive Summary.
With respect to compliance with the PRs, the IESC has observed no Material Non-Compliances, and a
number of Partial Compliances, which are explained further in this Executive Summary and again in
more detail in the body report. The partial compliance items identified are considered readily
addressed through the development and implementation of the Environmental and Social Action Plan
presented in Appendix C of this ESDD Report.
Applicable Performance Requirements are PR1, PR2, PR3, PR4, PR5, PR6, PR8 and PR10.
E&S aspects and impacts have been considered during Project scoping and planning, with due
consideration of the mitigation hierarchy and Good International Practice (GIP). Route selection was a
Stakeholder engagement and consultation has been carried out throughout scoping, preconstruction,
and construction phases, and the key issues raised through consultation are considered within the
final ESIA and ESMPs. Consultation provided for the input of local, regional, national and international
stakeholders, and separate inputs of local authorities and vulnerable groups, including women and
children locally. TANAP has in place a web-based online stakeholder interaction database (OSID) to
track, record and manage all stakeholder engagement activities including grievance management.
The ESIA assessed potential E&S impacts of the project on communities and the related ESMPs were
prepared to manage any outstanding residual risks. Internal and third party monitoring is undertaken
of delivery of ESIA and ESMP commitments. This includes third party monitoring by Turkish
consultants, Çınar Engineering Consulting Co. (Çinar), of:
Some gaps were observed in the review of the ESIA related to the assessment of offshore
construction impacts. The review found that the ESIA did not adequately assess the impacts related
to the potential for vessel to vessel interactions and vessel interactions with marine fauna. Vessel to
vessel interactions are considered a high risk given the stated level of high shipping traffic and vessel
use in the offshore project area. Subsequent evidence provided is sufficient to demonstrate
compliance to the IESC. Specifically, as there was limited information available regarding offshore
construction methodology during the ESIA development, a comprehensive HAZID was conducted
post-ESIA development, which assesses construction related risks, including vessel to vessel
interactions. Prior to commencement of offshore construction activities, the existing HAZID will be
updated and a set of Task Risk Assessments will be developed by the Contractor to identify and
mitigate potential Project-related risks for offshore activities. Disclosure of Offshore ESMS
documentation is also planned to occur to ensure requirements of EBRD PRs are met.
As one of the major goods or services purchased by the Project, the lengths of pipe for the
construction of the pipeline presented a significant potential supply chain management risk, with
suppliers located within Turkey and internationally, in China. Evidence from TANAP describes the
desktop environmental assessment of Pipe producers that was undertaken during the pre-qualification
process including an OHS inspection by the EPCM. Documentation demonstrates TANAP’s efforts in
broadly ensuring E&S requirements can be managed appropriately in its supply chain through the
suppliers’ requirements for implementing an ESMS commensurate to the complexity, nature and scale
of the Project.
During discussions related to employee grievances, overtime work and fatigue management were
raised on several separate occasions to the IESC. Interviews revealed confusion at a site level as to
the TANAP policy on overtime. TANAP does not encourage overtime work for its employees, however,
due to the nature of the project, overtime work may occur within the legal limits. During interviews
on site with Lot 1 Contractor Fernas, personnel reported that overtime was allowed under Fernas
company policy. . TANAP is working to address overtime issues through a “Working Hours Action
Plan” that substantively addresses overtime issues, including stakeholder complaints of overtime, CC
compliance with TANAP overtime policies, and enforcing legal compliance with the Turkish Labour
Code. The Action Plan aims to reach compliance with the Labour Code by December 31, 2017. The
TANAP, through its contracting arrangements, ensure no child or forced labour is in use in the Project
through employment procedures. Nationally, Turkey has ratified the core ILO conventions including
on non-discrimination and TANAP’s role includes ensuring compliance with core labour standards on
behalf of the Project. Worker organisations are in place in parts of the Project, and all employees are
free to join labour unions.
Interviews with short term labour suggests that not all CCs are making clear what the working
conditions (including retrenchment/termination) are, and in absence of a TU, the individuals
interviewed stated that any issues have been raised through the Muhtar to the relevant CC for
resolution through the Grievance Mechanism. While the TANAP Project Site Audit Procedure provided
as evidence includes requirement for provision of document of resignation or notice of termination,
there appears to be confusion at a ground level regarding termination and retrenchment. This may be
exacerbated in the case of short-term contracts that are open-ended, or, renewed without formal
extension of the completion date. While notice periods for dismissal of staff are in accordance with
Turkish Labour Law requirements, in practice notice periods for dismissal may be occurring
inconsistently, particularly in relation to casual / short-term work. For example, TANAP reported that
the third-party audits have not found inconsistencies with national legislative requirements, however
in interviews with locally engaged staff at Ardiçli village, it was stated that following the completion of
a one year contract at the CC, a short-term contract was commenced with a subcontractor with no
contract in place and little notice for ‘termination’ of the worker. Internal audits are conducted of CCs
indicating compliance checks against labour issues including overtime and communications on
contracts with workers. These audits are documented in the TANAP Project Site Control Procedure,
the scope of which is to audit working conditions and rights of workers including working hours,
leave, payroll, Social Security, and terminations/new hires by carrying out a physical audit at least in
one camp monthly.
Some working conditions and amenities observed at Lot 1 did not appear appropriate to the nature of
the work being conducted and the climatic conditions at the time. TANAP presented to the IESC
information regarding non-conformance reporting (NCRs) and management. NCR requirements
address the process in place to develop and assess criticality of NCRs, and steps for root cause
analysis, corrective action implementation and NCR closure. This observation was noted in relation to
In relation to security, the IESC considers that reasonable efforts have been made to align with this
PR, including adequate due diligence of security providers and presence of Standard Operating
Procedures guiding activities. Training on use of force and appropriate conduct towards communities
by security personnel is considered efficient to demonstrate compliance (e.g. Security Risk
Assessment, training records, Security Management Plan).
PR 3 requires that the ESIA process identifies opportunities and alternatives for resource efficiency in
accordance with GIP. The Compressor Stations (CSTs) are a major emitter of GHG during operation
of the pipeline, as identified in the ESIA. A Best Available Technology (BAT) assessment has been
conducted and provides sufficient detail so as to verify that EBRD guidance requirements have been
met in relation to how the adoption of resource efficiency and waste reduction considerations helped
to define the technology chosen in the CSTs. The BAT included detail on the realisation of the energy
savings that are possible because of the adoption of BAT for the CSTs and demonstrated that energy
efficiency measures have been identified.
Regarding onshore hydrotest water, this will preferentially be taken from surface water bodies. After
use, it is intended that water be treated until it meets the required Project Standards and discharged
back to the closest receiving environment (surface water). Where possible, addition of chemical
corrosion inhibitors will be avoided, although in some cases they may be required. The hydrotesting
process is managed through an Environmental Hydrotest Monitoring Plan, developed under TANAP
guidance for each CC over the four Lots. Each water abstraction and discharge point along the entire
route was assessed for water quality and ecological restrictions and appropriate management
measures proposed (i.e. exclusion of fish spawning periods for extraction activities).
The ESIA has assessed impacts related to GHG emissions, although it does not appear to contain
consideration of technically and financially achievable options to minimise emissions of GHG in the
assessment process. Upon IESC request, supplementary evidence was provided, in the form of the
BAT emissions inventory and relevant evaluation data, that demonstrates that resource efficiency
measures have been considered during design (e.g. ability to limit venting of gas, alternative forms of
power supply during operations or waste heat recovery systems).
As per the requirements of both Turkish and EU legislation, TANAP utilises licenced contractors to
transport and dispose of hazardous waste. The EBRD PRs recommend that clients ascertain whether
licenced disposal sites are being operated to acceptable standards. TANAP has conducted site
A review of the Project incident database identified that there were many incidents that involved near
misses and first aid / lost time injuries related to pipeline lifting activities. One of the recorded
fatalities was also a lifting incident. The detailed incident report related to the lifting fatality stated
that root causes of the incident were insufficient training and a lack of suitable procedures for the
tasks. Interviews with employees on the Lot indicated that it was normal practice for personnel to be
in the designated ‘danger zone’ during lifts, amongst other system failings. The fact that it was
considered normal working practice to be within the ‘danger zone’ during lifts also indicates that there
may have been a lack of appropriate supervision and conduct of workplace inspections of lifting
activities by TANAP in the field. It is also unclear if corrective actions (i.e. retraining all lifting
personnel) were rolled out to all CCs on other Lots or were contained to just the Lot on which the
incident occurred.
The IESC team has some concern that lifting activities in particular are leading to a relatively high
occurrence of reported incidents / near misses. Given that lifting of pipe is one of the most common
activities on the Project which has the potential for serious injury or fatalities, a certain level of
control and supervision of the tasks by TANAP would be expected, particularly given that lifts on the
Project are not controlled under the permit to work system TANAP reports that Lessons Learnt
documents of incidents are being shared with all lots and stations, and actions are being followed up
by LOT and Station Leads (Delivery Manager, Lot HS Lead, etc). Relevant procedures and official
letters provided and discussed with TANAP in meetings held on 12 May 2017 indicate that appropriate
remedial actions are being implemented by TANAP in relation to lifting activities.
Other areas of concern relate to CC performance in managing community safety on site (e.g. fencing,
signage, accessibility of open trenches, engagement with affected communities); and the Project’s
use of epidemiological studies to inform management of communicable diseases and implementation
of community health programs. TANAP reports that trench registers are being kept for the entire
route, including the barricading status of open trenches, and are being closely followed up by the
Construction and HS Teams. Additionally, the Community Relations Team is undertaking Community
Safety Awareness meetings including access to open trenches, ROW, risks related with unauthorised
site access, and construction and traffic safety with communities throughout the pipeline route.
In alignment with a key construction phase project risk, there was evidence of strong management of
potential road safety impacts to both workers and communities. These included travel management
tools, vehicle controls and monitoring, and community and worker training, and specific training with
women and children to minimise public health risks due to vehicle traffic. TANAP is commended for
investing significantly and providing strong management of potential road safety impacts to both
workers and communities. These included travel management tools, vehicle controls and monitoring,
Construction Contractor MPs and procedures are aligned with those prepared by TANAP, and
documentation reflects a mitigation hierarchy approach. Awareness-raising within the workforce of
interactions with the community, interactions with emergency responders, and awareness for the
community of potential project hazards are all included in worker training.
Community Safety MPs provide for communicable disease training to the workforce and engagement
with local health authorities to agree appropriate mitigation actions, who have also been investigated
and engaged should any incidences of communicable diseases eventuate. Local engagement and
employment practices have been key in mitigating any potential effects of population influx, including
community exposure to disease.
Emergency Response Plans (ERPs) have additionally been developed and approved by TANAP,
including provision for engagement and training with external emergency responders by the Project,
led by TANAP’s Security and Emergency Response departments. These plans are supplemented by
mapping of available health services along the pipeline, and address potential for community conflicts
that may occur as a result of the Project. Regular walk-overs and fly-overs of the pipeline are in place
for the construction phase of the Project to monitor potential pipeline intrusion, while building
intrusion systems are being implemented during construction for all AGIs.
ERPs related to operation of the pipeline are currently in development and are stated to be ready six
months prior to operation. Offshore construction ERPs including an Oil Spill Emergency Response
Plan required to manage response to vessel interactions have been drafted and TANAP plan to
complete these prior to construction in the offshore package commencing in late June 2017. TANAP
are required to have these developed and disclose these plans prior to commencement of offshore
works.
The suite of key documents relating to TANAP land acquisition, involuntary resettlement and
economic displacement activities are the 2014 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), the RAP for Above
Ground Installations (AGIs RAP) and a RAP for the Pipeline (Pipeline RAP), and the Guide to Land
Acquisition and Compensation (GLAC), developed for stakeholders.
Following an Implementation Audit and World Bank due diligence investigations, a new suite of
studies, commitments, processes, and documents was developed and implemented by TANAP to fulfil
international standards in land acquisition and livelihood restoration. The areas covered by the
BOTAS, the entity responsible for land acquisition, TANAP and CCs’ also undertake consultation with
stakeholders, requiring identification and consultation with approximately 97,000 landowners, land
shareholders and land users. Consultation and engagement has included: Information meetings prior
to negotiations/census data gathering; 2 rounds of negotiation meetings; crop determination
studies/meetings; preconstruction information meetings; and land entry meetings. Land exit meetings
will also be undertaken following reinstatement (approximately 3 years after land entry).
Consultation processes provide for engagement with vulnerable groups including women. TANAP has
committed to undertaking additional engagement and disclosure actions to strengthen the Project’s
responsiveness to stakeholders’ issues.
The cut-off date from the original RAP could not be met, as construction commenced in advance of
this date and identification of PAPs and assets inventory had not been completed, however BOTAS
has developed a practicable approach to evaluate and compensate every additional claim and justified
complaint that falls before or after the relevant cut-off date because the international standards on
applying a cut-off date could not be met.
As at August 2016, approximately 5,450 formal land users have been identified (i.e. users occupying
privately owned or treasury owned land, both documented and non-documented, to be compensated
through BOTAS) and 324 informal users (i.e. users occupying publicly owned land such as pastures or
forest lands, unauthorized or tolerated users, to be compensated through the RAP Fund, administered
by TANAP). BOTAS cannot acquire land from or compensate these categories that fall outside the
Turkish legal RAP requirements, hence the need to establish a mechanism from the Project that
provides for compensation to international standards, including transaction costs, transitional
payments, support to vulnerable households, and compensation for unviable land parcels. A RAP
Fund Management Procedure focusing on RAP Fund strategy and implementation principles has been
drafted and is currently being delivered to Project-affected settlements and PAPs, along with the new
GLAC (Guide to Land Acquisition). The RAP Fund Evaluation Committee has additionally been
established.
Permanent land acquisition is required for approximately 260ha for the AGIs, while approximately
6,600ha is required for a temporary period of 3 years (easement land for the construction corridor, or
unrestricted access for the ROW). This land is to be returned to owners after construction, with some
The procedure for demonstrating avoidance of expropriation appears to be a gap. While TANAP’s LA
process allows for negotiation with landowners, 67% of agreements are not amicable and trigger the
expropriation process, which does not meet with GIP and suggests the process of determining and
compensating landowners is rushed, in addition to absentee owners or other factors, resulting in
significant expropriation by international standards. While acknowledging that the pipeline component
of the project is linear, temporary and land acquisition has been completed, it should be clear to
TANAP that the expropriation process has not caused undue hardship to those losing access to their
resources. Through the Corrective Action Register, TANAP have committed to ensure that all eligible
PAPs are informed on entitlements in order to come forward for losses that have not yet been
compensated. TANAP will compensate all additional claims that are valid, consistent with the
conditions and criteria set in TANAP’s information brochures and GLAC document.
A grievance mechanism and Online Stakeholder Information Database, OSID, are in place for the
Project. As part of TANAP’s has commitment to strengthen this mechanism, an Appeals Committee
has been established (in January 2017), with notification at the community level from February 2017.
TANAP has also committed to strengthening disclosure of summary grievance information to
stakeholders.
TANAP has committed to development of a range of new RAP documents, documented in the
Summary of Corrective Actions in the Pipeline RAP. These include the Livelihood Restoration Plan
(LRP), RAP Fund guidance and documentation. The RAP Fund intends to fill the gap between
payments that can be provided for by BOTAS (as the national responsible agency) and international
requirements managed and implemented by TANAP. Some payments are reported to have already
been made from the RAP Fund, and for transparency these should be reconciled following approval of
guidance on implementation of the Fund. RAP Fund Management Procedure has been drafted and
disclosure with PAPs commenced. TANAP has contracted independent experts for RAP External
Monitoring and will produce their 1st Semi-Annual External Monitoring Report in June 2017.
The Pipeline RAP additionally identifies measures to strengthen ongoing implementation of the RAP.
This includes a study to investigate potential impacts to fisherfolk in the Sea of Marmara and
thereafter develop an appropriate Livelihood Restoration Plan. The study has been carried out, (i.e.
with adequate time to investigate, plan and respond, in advance of any impacts occurring). Similarly,
the AGI RAP provides for the development of an LRP to PAPs who have experienced a permanent loss
of livelihoods. Mitigation measures are yet to be developed and will differ from those who experience
temporary loss, which should be clearly managed and communicated to stakeholders.
The AGI and pipeline RAPs specify monitoring and evaluation mechanisms including indicators,
implementation schedule, and budget. These RAPs would be subject to IESC/independent monitoring
and review throughout implementation in accordance with GIP. A RAP Monitoring Plan has been
The TANAP route selection described in the ESIA Chapter 5 describes the process for defining the
TANAP route and included consideration of a range of factors included the presence of protected
areas, sensitive habitats, scrublands, meadows, pastures and wetlands. A number of route
alternatives were identified to avoid key biodiversity conservation areas including the Posof Ardahan
Wildlife Development Area, Kakgol-Sahara National Park, Sarikamis Allahaukber Mountains National
Park, and the Akdagmadeni Forest (Important natural area).
Baseline studies were completed between 2013 and 2014 and include comprehensive desktop studies
supplemented with targeted site surveys focused on the areas where impacts to priority biodiversity
values are likely to occur.
The TANAP Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) was developed with the specific objective to identify the
species and habitats in consideration of national and international significance and to consequently
determine the applicable area specific actions required to protect and conserve biodiversity within the
36m pipeline Right of Way (RoW). The BAP has identified the presence of critical habitats,
intersections of the ROW with protected or conservation areas and the presence of ecologically
sensitive species within the ROW.
The BAP includes a discussion of EUNIS habitat types encountered along the TANAP route including
30 different terrestrial habitat types classified as Level III and 6 level III freshwater habitats. Habitat
types classified as significant under the Turkish ‘National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan” were
also identified as priority habitats including steppe, coastal sand-dunes, and mountainous forest
ecosystems.
The re-assessment of critical habitat in the BAP identified 67 terrestrial and 27 freshwater critical
habitats. The terrestrial critical habitats cover only 0.39% of the 500m LSA corridor assessed in the
ESIA and 5.6% of the ROW (36m). This represents a significant decrease in terrestrial critical habitat
affected by the Project from that identified in the initial ESIA studies following the BAP re-assessment.
However, this reassessment of critical habitat area is based on the presence or absence of critical
habitat triggering species or values within the project’s direct impact area and removes critical habitat
areas where the triggering species or values were found to be undisturbed by direct impacts of the
ROW. The IESC finds that the TANAP critical habitat assessment is not in full compliance with the IFC
PS6 GN and is therefore in partial compliance with the requirements of PR6 to ensure net biodiversity
gain of critical habitat and no net loss of priority biodiversity features.
Section 3.2.1 of the most recent version of the BAP does include discussion on the application of the
mitigation hierarchy for critical habitats. The BAP describes how mitigation measures are applied for
each critical habitat that occurs along the Project and identifies where additional conservation actions
are required to ensure no net loss of priority species. Annex 9 of the BAP includes a range of
measures designed to ensure a net gain in critical habitat that is impacted by the Project. However,
these net gain actions are not described in a way that demonstrate how a net gain would be
achieved. There is no quantification of the no net loss/ net gain objectives of the BAP to demonstrate
full compliance with PR6. Neither the ESIA nor the BAP provide sufficient detail of the project related
direct, indirect, and residual impacts on populations; species and ecosystems identified in the baseline
studies. There is insufficient assessment of the project impacts on critical habitat other than the direct
impacts within the ROW and the potential for introduced pest species (weeds). The impact
assessment on biodiversity values provides insufficient discussion on why aspects such as habitat
fragmentation, fauna avoidance and impacts from increased third party access are not considered.
The project has not demonstrated full compliance with PS6 GN15 in its assessment of impacts to
critical habitat and has provided insufficient evidence that bio restoration works on the ROW will be
adequate to achieve the biodiversity outcomes required to demonstrate compliance with PR6. The
IESC has found that TANAP has relied heavily on the assumptions that mitigation of temporary
disturbance through bio-restoration and alien species control will be effective in ensuring no residual
impacts to priority biodiversity values and critical habitat. There is little discussion in the ESIA that
supports the assumption that bio-remediation will ensure no permanent or long term impacts to
priority biodiversity values and critical habitat. The limitations of bio-reclamation are stated in various
sections of the ESIA that refer to challenges in achieving propagation or translocation of some
species, and the inability to replace tree species over the ROW to ensure the integrity of the pipeline
is maintained.
The effectiveness of the mitigation measures, including bio-restoration and alien species controls,
should be discussed in further detail and, where possible, refer to examples where these mitigation
measure have been effective in ensuring no loss of priority biodiversity values or critical habitat.
However, if relevant and geographic specific examples of successful bio-restoration are not available,
In consideration of the limitations found with the TANAP critical habitat assessment and management
approach, and recognising the current status of Project construction. The IESC recommends that
TANAP develop and implement an Offset Management Strategy document that supplements the BAP.
A total of 161 sites were identified in the ESIA process, and mitigation actions defined. Eleven sites
were identified as unavoidable at preconstruction phase. A Cultural Heritage Management Plan
(CHMP) is in place, including a Chance Find Procedure, which is reflected in each of the CCs’ MPs.
The CCs’ Archaeologist, who liaises with the TANAP Cultural Heritage Officer and the Museum
Directorate, monitors ground clearance work. Third party monitoring of implementation of the CHMP
is also undertaken by Çinar.
During the construction phase to date, five route changes have been implemented at the eleven
unavoidable sites, following engagement and mitigation actions implemented under the direction of
the with the relevant authorities (Museum Directorate of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism).
Ongoing and close engagement has been undertaken with the Museum Directorate of the Ministry of
Culture and Tourism, as the responsible agency for advice and direction on archaeological finds and
appears to have been effective in managing and mitigating potential impacts to tangible heritage in
line with the mitigation hierarchy approach. However, consultation with affected communities and
other stakeholders has been largely limited. Invitations to specialist interest groups at the ESIA
consultation phase has been recorded. IESC notes that consultation with affected communities is
carried out for intangible cultural heritage and registered tangible cultural heritage elements.
However, the chance finds are managed differently due to security reasons (the risk of illegal
excavations).
Policies and standards are in place for the Project regarding stakeholder engagement,
communications and social impact management and requirements. The total number of consultation
meetings during the construction phase (as at November 2016) was 1,234, including meetings with
women, safety awareness for children, and with local authorities, across all Lots and stations.
Comments raised during project disclosure were reflected and analysed and incorporated into Project
SMPs, completing the feedback loop in line with GIP.
The Project SEP was published (18 August 2013) on the TANAP website in Turkish and English,
appropriate to the nature, scale and risks posed by the Project and reflecting engagement actions
ESIA documents were disclosed on the TANAP website, with key documents in English and Turkish.
The current SEP specifies periodic review of the document in line with PR 10 requirements for
ongoing provision of information to stakeholders appropriate to the nature of the Project and its
adverse impacts. PR 10 requires at least annual reporting to stakeholders for Category A projects;
commitment on this aspect is included in the SEP. The modality of disclosure of Project documents
was described by TANAP. For RAP documentation, the disclosure process was addressed adequately
through provision of written summary information in the local language, available to public disclosure
meetings, which subsequently informed the final RAPs prior to their disclosure. Additional
engagement planning and disclosure material is required of TANAP on the next phase of RAP activity
(i.e. in identifying and appropriately compensating new PAPs) and in the development and disclosure
of the BAP.
The grievance mechanism is operational and is aligned with the CCs. All grievances are logged in an
online grievance recording and tracking system. A total of 790 complaints have been received from
1/1/14 to 17/11/16 with 85% closed over an average of 15-day response time (30 days is the time
limit in the procedure for closure of complaints). The most common grievances since project
commencement relate to damage to property/land; land acquisition and compensation process;
damage to irrigation infrastructure; damage to roads; and outstanding subcontractor payments (as
per: Complaints issues – Top 20, 17.Nov. 2016). An Appeals Committee has been established to
provide third party review of unresolved grievances between TANAP and the Complainant.
Documentation on this committee has been developed and is to be provided to the IESC. Legal
redress is possible regardless of establishment of the Appeals Committee with complainants able to
take matters to court independently. This has not occurred in the Project to date; a third-party
valuation had been sought to resolve land valuation, and a policy of resolution by mutual agreement
is in place by the project.
• Section 1 – Introduction;
• Section 4 – Environment, Social, Health and Safety Review and Audit Overview;
• Section 8 – High-level assessment of export gas pipelines projects against Lender Group
requirements for associated facilities.
• ESDD Appendices
The basic findings of the review are presented in the form of observations, comments, and
recommendations according to each standard assessed against. Direct comparison between each
requirement and reviewed Project documentation is provided in a table format at the end of each
section where relevant comments and suggested action, if necessary, to achieve compliance are also
included. The findings presented in the summary table sections form the basis of the Environmental
and Social Action Plan contained in Appendix C of this report. Descriptions of the Project have been
provided only to a degree necessary to provide context for the observations and recommendations
provided in the text.
The TANAP Project involves a 1,850km pipeline to facilitate the transport of natural gas produced
from the Shah Deniz Phase II development in Azerbaijan to Turkey and Europe (Figure 1.1). The
TANAP Project will connect the South Caucasus Pipeline Expansion Project (SCPx) in Georgia to the
Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) Project, which commenced construction in March 2015 and extends
through Greece and Albania and across the Adriatic Sea to southern Italy.
The TANAP is being developed by a group of shareholders who currently comprise of Southern Gas
Corridor Closed Stock Joint Company (58%), BOTAS (30%) and BP (12%) and are herein referred to
collectively as the “Sponsors”. The TANAP Project, in conjunction with the South Caucasus Pipeline
(SCP) and the Trans-Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) form the elements of the Southern Gas Corridor.
TANAP will run from the Turkish border with Georgia, beginning in the Turkish village of Türkgözü in
the Posof district of Ardahan, will run through 20 provinces ending at the Greek border in the İpsala
district of Edirne (Figure 1.2). Two off-take stations are located within Turkey for national natural gas
transmission, one located in Eskişehir and the other in Thrace. With 19km running under the Sea of
Marmara, the main pipeline within Turkey reaches a total of 1,850km, along with off-take stations
and above-ground installations, with their numbers and properties detailed below:
• 7 compressor stations,
• 4 measuring stations,
• 11 pigging stations,
In addition to the aboveground installations, temporary camps to accommodate workers, pipe storage
areas and access roads necessary during the construction phase will also be built.
• Evaluating the adequacy of, and likely costs associated with, the proposed Project
environmental, social, and health and safety assessments, management and action plans and
procedures and present conclusions and recommendations associated with identified issues;
• Confirming to EBRD the compliance of the proposed development plan for the Project with
the applicable environmental, health, safety and social requirements, including statutory
requirements and project requirements under the Applicable Standards, and;
• Coordinating and assist the EBRD in the due diligence process in respect of environmental
and social matters in connection with the financing of the Project, answering questions and
attending meetings and conference calls as required.
Sustainability, as the IESC, provided independent review, assessment and comment on the TANAP
Project’s compliance with EBRD standards for the purposes of Project financing. This included
advising the EBRD on the adequacy of the Project’s assessments, management and mitigation
controls and monitoring measures against EBRD standards.
On account of TANAP forming a sub-component of a larger gas chain, which encompasses the TAP,
SCPx and the Shah Deniz Phase II Development, Sustainability also undertook a high level
environmental due diligence review of these associated facilities, based on publicly-available ESIAs
and management plans. Sustainability also drew upon its current experience as the IESC for Lenders
on the Shah Deniz II Development and the previous high-level assessments completed for the TAP
and SCPx Projects.
• The ESIAs produced for the Project including the information prepared for the trans-boundary
notification and consultation;
• The Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMPs) and relevant additional specific
plans including the Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP);
• Other relevant HSES materials including baseline studies, surveys, and additional
assessments, and;
• Inspection of Project site locations that are agreed with the Sponsors and Lenders including
pipeline construction, compression and metering stations;
• Inspection of the associated facilities (as defined under EBRD’s Performance Requirement 1)
as appropriate, and;
• Interviews with Project HSES and other personnel and key stakeholders as relevant to the
scope of work.
1.1.3 Reporting
The primary objective of the Reporting task is to produce an Environmental and Social Due Diligence
(ESDD) Report (this Report).
• PR 7: Indigenous Peoples;
• PR 8: Cultural Heritage;
The PRs should be read in conjunction with the EBRD’s ES Policy. The EBRD is bound by its founding
agreement to adhere to sound banking principles and “promote in the full range of its activities
environmentally sound and sustainable development.” The ways in which the EBRD promotes such
development are described in the EBRD’s Environmental Policy document. One specific step taken by
the EBRD to address this mandate and the General Principles and Objectives set out in the Policy is to
ensure that all its investment and technical cooperation projects undergo environmental and
socioeconomic appraisal along with the financial, economic, legal and technical due diligence, and to
ensure that appropriate monitoring is undertaken following approval of projects by the Board of
Directors.
The TANAP Project is a 56-inch and 48-inch pipeline system of 1,850km, and will transport natural
gas to the required specifications and quantity in stages starting with 16 bcma as initial phase leading
up to a high flow case of 31 bcma which is the last phase. 6 bcma will be delivered to BOTAŞ (Boru
Hatları ile Petrol Taşıma A.Ş.) to be used within the Republic of Turkey via off-take stations by Gas
Transport Agreement (GTA). The construction of the Project is expected to last for 4 years, and a
phased approach will be pursued where the target for completion of the construction and starting
operation is by the middle of 2018. The initial capacity of 16 bcma (First Stage) is expected to expand
to 24 bcma by 2023 (Second Stage) and to 31 bcma by 2026 (Third Stage), upon construction of the
required additional compressor stations. TANAP is planned to begin from the Georgia/Turkey border
and go through the provincial borders of Ardahan, Kars, Erzurum, Erzincan, Bayburt, Gümüşhane,
Giresun, Sivas, Yozgat, Kırşehir, Kırıkkale, Ankara, Eskişehir, Bilecik, Kütahya, Bursa, Balıkesir,
Çanakkale, Tekirdağ and Edirne. At the beginning of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
(ESIA) process the pipeline was planned to be divided into two branches after crossing Marmara Sea
and the second branch would pass Tekirdağ and enter Bulgaria through Kırklareli. However, due to
the change in the marketing strategy of Azerbaijan, natural gas to Europe by the Bulgarian section
was cancelled. The TANAP system will be fully automated with main and back-up control centres to
meet the requirements of gas transmissions and associated environmental and safety considerations.
The main pipeline facilities include the required number of compression facilities, block valve stations,
distribution and custody transfer metering facilities. The pipeline crosses terrain with challenging
geotechnical features, including landslides and other geo-hazards, in addition to crossing regions with
different levels of urbanization and economic activity. TANAP includes:
• Onshore pipeline:
o A main natural gas pipeline from the Turkey/Georgia border to the Turkey/Greece
border.
o Diameter: 2 x 36 inches.
• Compressor Stations:
• Metering Stations:
• Off-take Points:
o Back-up Control Centre located with Compressor Station CST-5A in Eskişehir, Turkey.
Turkey is signatory to numerous international and regional conventions that oblige the government to
prevent pollution and protect specified habitats, flora and fauna. Those of relevance to the TANAP
Project include:
Convention on the International Transportation of Hazardous Wastes, Basel, ratified by Turkey on 1994
Convention on the Persistent Organic Pollutants, Stockholm, ratified by Turkey on 2010
United Nations Climate Change Framework Convention, Bonn, ratified by Turkey on 2004
Convention on Protection of Ozone Layer, Vienna, ratified by Turkey on 1991
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, ratified by Turkey on 1983
Convention on Biological Diversity. Turkey ratified this convention in 1992
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) (Turkey is a
member country).
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), ratified by Turkey on 1990
Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) (Turkey is a not yet member country).
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)
(Turkey is a contracting body)
Convention concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage (WHC) (Turkey ratified this
convention)
Convention for the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (BERN) (1984) (ratified by Turkey)
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (RAMSAR) (1994)
(ratified by Turkey)
European Landscape Convention (2001) (ratified by Turkey)
Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD) (1998) (ratified by Turkey)
Convention on substances depleting Ozone Layer, Montreal, ratified by Turkey on 1991
Kyoto Protocol, ratified by Turkey on 2009
Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents, 2000
While not currently a member of the EU, much of Turkeys legislation has been drafted based on EU
legal provisions as a pre-cursor to membership talks that are currently ongoing. The key legislation
governing environment requirements in Turkey is the Environment Law (1983). The purpose of this
legislation is to protect the environment based on the principles of sustainable environment and
sustainable development.
Adopting the principle “Polluter Pays”, the Law encompasses principles about punishment and closure
of the facilities polluting the environment and the liabilities for informing the related authorities about
any changes to be made on the production process of the facilities. It sets the framework for other
environmental (and social) legislation within Turkey, including (as relevant to the Project):
• Regulation on Permits and Licenses to be Secured According to the Environment Law (2009);
Between 2 and 10 indicators are identified for each of the applicable PRs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10.
Within each sub-section, an introductory paragraph is included to provide the most relevant
observations and to facilitate the understanding of the compliance table that follows. Therefore, the
narrative paragraphs preceding the compliance tables for each Performance Requirement are aimed
to provide the “rationale” for the identified gaps, and explanation of the IESC prescriptions.
Justification for any derogation from a PR is summarised and supporting documents referenced. For
each indicator within a PR, the following three steps are completed:
• Decide whether the indicator is applicable. For Category A and B projects the starting point is
that all indicators are applicable unless the project has no significant aspects relevant to the
indicator (i.e. no risks), in which case the indicator should be scored "NA" and a brief
summary of the reason given.
• Decide whether an opinion is possible. If not (for example if the indicator will apply, but it is
too early in the project) score as "NOP" and a brief summary of why is provided. Where lack
of opinion represents a material omission to the review, reference to where this is addressed
in the report is made and recommendations are summarised.
Exceeding Compliance:
EC The project has gone beyond the expectations of EBRD’s PR requirements. EBRD should be able to use
projects rated EC as a role model for positive Environmental and Social effects.
Fully Compliant:
FC The project is fully in compliance with EBRD’s requirements, and EU and local environmental, health and
safety policies and guidelines.
Partial Compliance:
PC The project is not in full compliance with EBRD’s requirements, but has systems, processes or mitigation
measure in place which are working towards addressing the deficiencies.
Material Non-compliance:
MNC The project is not in material compliance with EBRD’s requirements, and the systems, processes and
mitigation measures in place are not working towards addressing the deficiencies.
No Opinion Possible:
NOP Based on the data provided to date, the IESC team has not been able to form a definitive position on the
subject being discussed.
• Comments/Issues: Provide a brief commentary on the relevance of this requirement for the
project and an explanation of the chosen score.
• Actions Required: Where applicable, briefly describe any actions required by the client to
achieve full compliance with each requirement.
In addition to the ESIA documentation, a range of additional documentation has been requested and
provided and has been considered in this ESDD. This was undertaken to have a clear understanding
of the ESMS supporting the ESIA documents and, as mentioned above, this report is based only on
that information which has been received from TANAP or that which is in the public domain.
ESIA
The overarching agreement guiding development of the TANAP project with the Government of
Turkey is the Host Government Agreement (HGA, 26.06.2012). The HGA specifies the requirement
for the TANAP Project to identify E&S Standards, in line with Turkish national requirements and with
due account of prevailing international industry practices and the IFC Performance Standards (Article
17.1). The HGA further requires that TANAP prepare an ESIA in accordance with E&S Standards, for
approval by the Turkish Government, and that the ESIA include an environmental and social
investment program (Article 17.2).
The environmental and social impacts of the Project have been assessed through a systematic
process applied for all Project components as identified through the ESIA scoping process. The
primary assessment document is the TANAP ESIA which was publicly disclosed on the TANAP website
on the 22nd June 2015. The ESIA was approved by the Turkish Ministry of Environment and
Urbanisation (MoEU) in June 2014.
The ESIA involved a comprehensive assessment of the Project commensurate with and proportional
to the environmental impacts the Project presents. Prior to the detailed ESIA, a Project scoping
phase was undertaken of which the primary focus was to identify the preferred route of the pipeline
to minimise environmental and social impacts while maintaining a technically feasible installation
process. This process is outlined in detail in Chapter 5 of the ESIA and summarised in Figure 5.1
below. A predetermined set of criteria was used to determine the preferred route and these criteria
included environmental and social considerations. Preliminary assessment of the route was initially a
desktop exercise which determined a Preferred Route Corridor (PRC) of 2 kilometres in width. Once
the corridor was determined, a preferred centreline was chosen using a combination of desktop and
field data to reduce the PRC to a width of 500 metres. Within this 500-metre corridor the centreline
for the corridor was delineated and the Right of Way (RoW) disturbance area of 36 metres was
located. The ESIA was conducted on the full 500-metre pipeline corridor.
• Soil Properties;
• Stratigraphy;
• Areas with Potential Geological Risks (Erosion, Landslide, Elevated Ground Water Layers and
Aquifers, Karstic Zones);
• Hydrological Properties;
• Ecological Properties (Protected Areas (National Parks, etc.), Sensitive Habitats, Forests,
Scrublands, Meadows-Pastures and Wetlands);
• Archaeological Sites;
Potential social impacts were assessed on the effects of the following parameters:
This planning process led to a series of documented route revisions prior to the ESIA PRC and RoW
centreline being approved at Revision H. Within this process, at total of 156 different route changes
were documented. Clear evidence of avoidance of key environmental features such as national parks
and designated wildlife areas, forested areas and identified biodiversity features was observed during
the review of Project documentation.
Further route changes post Revision H have been necessary as field construction activities have
discovered previously unidentified limitations to the proposed RoW. These route changes are
managed through the TANAP Environmental Management of Change (MoC) procedure. Completed
MoC examples that incorporated a range of environmental and social checks were reviewed by the
IESC team during the site inspection.
The IESC team could see clear evidence that environmental and social aspects and impacts were
considered in detail during Project scoping and planning stages and that the mitigation hierarchy and
Good International Practice (GIP) was implemented in the route selection process.
A web-based online stakeholder interaction database (OSID) using software called Darzin has been
established to track, record and manage all stakeholder engagement activities including grievance
management, which has been active through pre-construction and construction and will continue into
the operations phase.
ESIA Methodology
A clear impact assessment methodology was undertaken in the conduct of the ESIA, outlined in
Chapter 2 of the ESIA Report. The ESIA was managed by international consultants Golder Associates
Ltd (Golder) to ensure compliance with both Turkish and international requirements. Local
consultants Çinar conducted the baseline studies under guidance from Golder. The impact
assessment methodology is stated to follow guidance of the European Environmental Agency (EEA)
and utilises a Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework. The ESIA was
conducted in compliance with the Turkish Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment (2008)
and in consideration of EU Directive 2011/92/EU.
Some gaps were observed in the review of the ESIA related to the assessment of offshore
construction impacts. The review found that the ESIA did not adequately assess the impacts related
to the potential for vessel to vessel interactions and vessel interactions with marine fauna. Vessel to
vessel interactions are considered a high risk given the stated level of high shipping traffic and vessel
use in the offshore project area. Subsequent evidence provided is sufficient to demonstrate
compliance to the IESC. Specifically, as there was limited information available regarding offshore
construction methodology during the ESIA development, a comprehensive HAZID was conducted post
ESIA development, which assesses construction related risks, including vessel to vessel interactions.
Prior to commencement of offshore construction activities, the existing HAZID will be updated and a
set of Task Risk Assessments will be developed by the Contractor to identify and mitigate potential
Project-related risks for offshore activities. The primary objective of the Task Risk Assessments is to
ensure that any Project risks are appropriately mitigated and reduced to as low as reasonably
practicable. The Contractor is currently developing Emergency Management Plans for TANAP
approval. It was also reported to the IESC that all works will be completed under close
communication with local Marine Authorities and that communications have already commenced in
this regard.
The ESMS structure (and ESMPs) for the offshore pipeline construction has been developed in draft
form, and is currently being finalised. Disclosure thereof is planned to occur upon finalisation. The
IESC reviewed the draft documents at meetings held in Ankara on 12 May 2017 and the
documentation appears suitable to meet the requirements of the EBRD PRs.
1 Including updated management plans, and TANAP presentations in Ankara meetings on 12/05/2017
The framework for this suite of management plans is described in the TANAP Environmental and
Social Management Plan (TNP-PLN-ENV-GEN-001). In conjunction with these above management
plans, management and mitigation measures are also further described in the:
The ESIA provided the basis for a number of Social SMPs, including:
• Local Employment & Workers Management Plan: local recruitment process, worker
disciplinary actions, and employee grievances;
• Local Procurement Management Plan: supplier of local goods and services, and control of
payments to local companies & workers;
• Community Safety Management Plan: Construction impacts of the local affected communities;
mitigation measures of high risk areas; and training and awareness meetings with
communities; and
• Traffic Management Plan: E&S evaluation of traffic impacts with associated mitigation
measures.
Further, with a material change in the approach by the Project to management of resettlement and
land acquisition, additional RAPs were developed and publicly disclosed:
A range of other documentation in the form of procedures, work method statements and forms and
templates also form part of the ESMPs, which have been developed in line with ISO 14001 and the
Plan-Do-Check-Act approach.
These requirements have been communicated and enforced amongst the CCs. TANAP requires all
CCs to develop their own versions of these ESMPs, which are subsequently reviewed by TANAP for
suitability and approved for use.
As discussed in Section 5.1.2, the offshore construction ESMPs have now been developed in draft and
were able to be reviewed during meetings held with TANAP on 12 May 2017. The IESC believes the
documentation reviewed is suitable for purpose and meets the EBRD PRs.
Effective contractor management is provided for in the ESMPs, including a process for the
management of non-compliance of CCs, sighted by the IESC. However, the implementation of
contractor management mechanisms appears to differ between CCs. Regular internal and third party
monitoring is provided for through the ESMS, and records that this activity is carried out were sighted
by the IESC. However, the differing levels of capacity between CCs suggest that additional support
and performance management is required by TANAP to ensure implementation is carried out as
documented. This may be in the form of additional TANAP support staff available to those CCs who
are not as experienced or are demonstrating underperformance on site, while also providing
increased performance management focused on those specific Lots (See also PRs 2 and 4.). Non-
conformance reporting / quality management procedures have been developed, which include
performance monitoring and improvement requirements for contractors. Contractors are required to
specify KPIs and their monitoring frequency, along with specified internal and external quality audits.
Following performance reviews, any corrective action plans are developed and implemented for
regular reporting to TANAP, and escalation as appropriate based on the criticality of any non-
conformances (e.g. stop work for immediate risks, or periodic reporting to TANAP as required). As at
26.2.17, TANAP reports of 543 non-conformances raised during the Project to date to vendors and
contractors, that 90% are closed and 6% overdue. The NCRs have been raised on environmental
issues 91 times, health and safety 127 times, social and community liaison 12 times and security 16
times. In the year to date, 52 NCRs have been raised with 35% overdue.
The IESC team considers that the level of detail and breadth of coverage within the ESMPs is suitable
to manage the environmental and social impacts presented by the Project’s activities.
TANAP’s E&S team organisation is comprised of an HSSE manager, under which reports individual
Environmental and Social Impact Managers, environmental and social impact specialists (responsible
by Lots, Stations and Offshore), environmental and social impact specialist assistants and a RAP
Training of staff includes core competencies required by workers, covered in induction training and on
the Code of Conduct to ensure appropriate worker conduct is well understood and implemented,
sighted by the audit team [refer to document list Appendix A].
Modification to the organisational roles and responsibility as part of the changes to the ESMS, as
discussed in Section 5.1.2, is complete for TANAP documentation and nearly complete for CCs.
As one of the major goods or services purchased by the Project, the lengths of pipe for the
construction of the pipeline present a significant potential supply chain management risk, with
suppliers located within Turkey and internationally in China. Evidence from TANAP describes the
desktop environmental assessment of Pipe producers that was undertaken during the pre-qualification
process including an OHS inspection by the EPCM. While aspects of E&S issues were included in this
inspection, a separate E&S inspection was not conducted. Documentation demonstrates TANAP’s
efforts in broadly ensuring E&S requirements can be managed appropriately in its supply chain
through the suppliers’ requirements for implementing an ESMS commensurate to the complexity,
nature and scale of the Project. However, an E&S inspection or strengthening of prequalification
questionnaires on social issues could reasonably have been undertaken (by TANAP or by the EPCM)
to ensure that management at suppliers’ sites was sufficient. This would have included an assessment
of aspects relating to the prevention of child / forced labour in line with the requirements of PR2.
Assessment of this aspect is not considered sufficient and is described further in the section on PR2
below.
The EBRD PRs recommend that clients ascertain whether licenced disposal sites are being operated to
acceptable standards. Evidence has been supplied to validate that TANAP has conducted site
verification audits of licenced waste disposal facilities along the pipeline route to ensure that Project
generated waste is being disposed of appropriately by the contractor.
• Commitments Register;
The Environmental Monitoring Plan (TNP-PLN-ENV-GEN-003-P3-2) has been prepared by TANAP and
is currently being implemented on the Project. This Plan defines the Environmental Monitoring
requirements for the Project, which is established based on the FEED phase Environmental and Social
Monitoring Procedure and defined in the ESIA. It ensures the appropriate management of
environmental impacts in all phases of construction, operation and de-commissioning of the Project.
Environmental & Social monitoring plans are applied to the detailed planning, reporting and follow up
of environmental and social performance measurement and monitoring throughout the Project.
TANAP establishes measurable environmental and social performance indicators (KPIs) to track
Project progress in achieving the objectives and targets and to evaluate and improve environmental
and social performance.
The Environmental Action Plan (TNP-PLN-ENV-GEN-002_P3-2) outlines how TANAP intends to ensure
that the environmental aspects of the Projects construction, operation and decommissioning are
managed in line with Project requirements. It is noted that this document currently only refers to the
requirements of the IFC Performance Standards (2012) when committing to international standards.
Evidence of implementation of the commitments made in the Project monitoring document suite was
observed during the site visit and through revision of documents in the ESDD process.
Compliance with Turkish legal requirements is overseen by the MoEU and mainly relies on quarterly
third-party monitoring reports by Çinar, distributed electronically to relevant parties, and with a hard
copy sent to the Ministry and local authorities. It is noted that Çinar is the same company who
gathered the in-country baseline data, developed the local ESIA and the BAP and there may be a
perceived conflict of interest issue with regard to using the same company for the ESIA development
and independent monitoring over the ESIA implementation. Evidence, in the form of detailed
organisation charts have been provided by TANAP to demonstrate that the levels of independence
between separate teams is sufficient and eliminates the potential for conflict of interest queries by
interested third parties.
The IESC were unable to verify the financial provision for implementation of BAP monitoring
requirements to determine if these are sufficient for monitoring of biorestoration effectiveness in
critical habitat and to ensure sufficient consideration of ongoing maintenance of biorestoration works.
The details of these cost estimates are yet to be developed by TANAP for its operational budget. The
IESC team recommends that a detailed cost breakdown is provided in order to justify that the
financial allocation is sufficient for the length of the pipeline corridor and ensure sufficient
contingency budget allocations for any newly identified biodiversity remedial and offset activities.
PR
Performance Requirement Score Comments/ Issues Actions Required
Ref.
1.1 Environmental and Social FC The environmental and social impacts have been assessed through a
Assessment systematic process applied for all Project components as identified
through the ESIA scoping and through engagement with key
Government stakeholders in Turkey. The ESIAs have been developed
to meet national standards, TANAP policy and guidance provided by
international institutions such as the IFC, EBRD and EU.
Some gaps were observed in the review of the ESIA related to the
assessment of offshore construction impacts. The review found that
the EISA did not adequately assess the impacts related to the
potential for vessel to vessel interactions and vessel interactions with
marine fauna. Vessel to vessel interactions are considered a high risk
given the stated level of high shipping traffic and vessel use in the
offshore project area. Additional evidence provided by TANAP is
sufficient to demonstrate compliance., including a HAZID which
assesses this risk, and which will be updated prior to the
commencement of construction activities. A set of Task Risk
Assessments will also be developed, and the Contractor is currently
developing comprehensive Emergency Management Plans.
1.2 Environmental and Social FC At the commencement of the Project, TANAP employed a three-tiered
Management Systems contractor structure to implement the Project, with an Engineering,
Procurement, Construction and Management (EPCM) contractor
managing the selected CCs in the field. TANAP has recently modified
this structure to an integrated two-tier organisation (with TANAP and
CCs), removing the EPCM contractor from the organisational
structure. At the time of the audit, the ESMS was out of date with
respect to roles and responsibilities and subsequent system
documentation. In many instances, the same individuals are working
in the same roles (i.e. former EPCM staff are now directly employed
by TANAP) so while day to day activities currently appear to remain
well-managed and understood by staff, ESMS documentation
2Where the project represents a substantial extension to the client activities, confirm that Policy and supporting management systems and plans are appropriate for the new
activities.
3 At appraisal stage there will be limited information. Compliance assessment should address specific plans for monitoring and reporting (against for example ESAP
requirements) and also consider whether there is evidence of weak monitoring/reporting by client on other relevant projects - which may reduce confidence in future
performance.
The ESMP for this area is included in the Employment and Training MPs for TANAP and each of the
CCs (See ESIA Appendix 5.4 – pg 3-4 is on contracting and training requirements); addresses hiring,
training, compensation, benefits, work hours and grievance mechanism.
Project contractors’ HR policies included in their Employment and Training Management Plans are
reviewed and approved by TANAP. Third party monitoring is undertaken of implementation of these
MPs by Çinar. Additional third-party monitoring is conducted by Practical Solutions Group Dan Hiz.
Ltd. Sti on procedures in relation to TANAP contractor and sub-contractor working hours, leave, and
pay (TANAP Project Site Control Procedure, 01/03/2016). This reporting is provided to TANAP (stated
by TANAP during audit). The authorities are conducting their own labour law related inspections at
all workplaces in compliance with the legislation.
HR policies are consistent with national laws and implementation thereof is being monitored by a
Turkish labour law firm to ensure compliance (Practical Solutions Group). This is ensured by site
visits, audits, and interviews on site monthly. Requirements apply to all people working on the Project
regardless whether national or expatriate. Documentation on roles and responsibilities between the
Project and CCs requires updating to reflect the change in structure away from having an EPC in
place (see also Section 5.1.2).
The Report of “Manpower Analysis Study in Settlements on TANAP Natural Gas Pipeline Route” (HZR-
REP-SOCGEN-001) provided workforce analysis, and evaluation of the manpower capacity of the
provinces in which TANAP is active, to inform management of employment and training for the
Project. KPIs are in place for local employment (including unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled staff at
the national, province, district, village levels) in line with GIP, documented in Employment and
Training MPs for each CC (e.g. FRN-PLN-SOC-PL1-001).
All workers are reported to be advised of their rights and working conditions at the time of
engagement by human resources (including induction, code of conduct, probation period, grievance
mechanism). Additionally, this is provided for in CCs sample employment contracts (ref: Fernas
Correspondence sighted (TANAP-TKF-WRP-0651) indicates that CCs are free to associate and union
agreements are in place where threshold limits are met (i.e. greater than 50% worker membership
with a single TU organisation); there are TUs in place at Lots 2 and 3 (refs: TANAP-SYA-LET-WRP-
0533 and TANAP-TKF-LET-WRP-0651).
It was noted during discussions on-site and in the head office related to employee grievances (see
5.2.7), that overtime work and fatigue management were raised on several separate occasions.
Interviews revealed there is confusion at a site level as to the TANAP policy on overtime. The IESC
understands that TANAP does not encourage overtime working for its employees, however, due to
nature of the project, overtime working may occur within the legal limits. During interviews on site
with Lot 1 Contractor Fernas, personnel reported that overtime was allowed under Fernas company
policy. According to the World Bank TANAP Disclosure Package, TANAP is working to address
overtime issues through a “Working Hours Action Plan” that substantively addresses overtime issues,
including stakeholder complaints of overtime, CC compliance with TANAP overtime policies, and
enforcing legal compliance with the Turkish Labour Code. The Action Plan aims to reach compliance
with the Labour Code by December 31, 2017. The IESC notes that the Action Plan emphasis is
directed to legal compliance around overtime. While there is a commitment to ensure that overtime
hours are worked safely and without duress, it is not clear how fatigue management measures are
linked with effective overtime management. It is also noted that contractors are financially
incentivised for being on time/advance of deadlines, which may contribute to the issue of overtime
and fatigue (see 1.3 Contractor Management and Non-Conformances regarding holding back
payments). The IESC acknowledges TANAP’s recent focus on the above issues of overtime and
fatigue management. To this end, additional information was provided to the IESC in the form of the
H&S Incentive Procedure (TNP-PCD-HSM-GEN-025), which aims to promote awareness of H&S and
incentivise workers regarding their H&S performance in order to ensure that there is a balance
between schedule / milestone incentives. During meetings on 12 May 2017, TANAP also noted that
the link between financial incentives and effective fatigue management is an area of current concern,
and provided the example of hydrotesting, whereby additional resources were engaged rather than
the use of longer hours (Lot 1 had 2 hydrotest crews, and it now has 3 crews and a 4th is being
mobilised).
The provision of employee assistance programs as GIP was discussed during the field audit (e.g.
support following presence of workers at serious accidents/fatalities while working on the Project).
TANAP stated that employees are covered under the Turkish (public) Social Insurance System, which
includes indemnity for work related incidents, valid for all workers (both CCs and TANAP employees).
TANAP has initiated a private insurance coverage (MARSH) for its employees in the event of work
related accidents, however this does not extend to CCs employees (TANAP has not set up separate
(private) insurance to cover CC workers in the event of work related accidents they may be involved
in).
The TANAP Employment and Training Management Plan makes an explicit commitment to non-
discrimination and equal opportunity (see ESIA Appendix 5.4 pg 1).
In the absence of trade union membership, there is a functional grievance mechanism in place for
employees (see 5.2.7).
The TANAP Health and Safety team is engaged in the design and inspection of CC accommodation.
This includes for example, that TANAP review the Lot 4 camp design to ensure requirements are met,
and for those now in place, regular inspections of accommodation. The Construction Camp
Management Plans describes weekly inspections by Camp Management personnel to ensure hygiene,
maintenance, and safety requirements are maintained. Stations contractors are supplying their own
camps however it was not possible to view one during the field audit. The Health and Safety team
audit food, accommodation, and medical facilities. A visual inspection of the camp at Lot 2 indicated
appropriate accommodation requirements are met.
Some working conditions and amenities observed at Lot 1 did not appear appropriate to the nature of
the work being conducted and the climatic conditions at the time (see also PR4 on OHS). A lack of
in-field amenities including toilets, shelters and heating were observed in a range of separate
locations in the field at Lot 1. Temperature in the field during the site visit was approximately -5 to -
10C. Remains of a campfire on bare ground were observed in the Erzurum Wetland (Critical Habitat
area). TANAP presented to the IESC information regarding non-conformance reporting (NCRs) and
management. NCR requirements address the process in place to develop and assess criticality of
4 Article 29 of the Turkish Labour Law Turkish requires 30 days notice to implement collective dismissal for
economic, technical or similar reasons, affecting a specific number of workers of an organization.
In relation to individual termination and retrenchment, international Law, specifically ILO Convention 158
Termination of Employment Convention, 1982 on the issue of notice periods for dismissal of staff states that “a
worker whose employment is to be terminated shall be entitled to a reasonable period of notice or compensation
in lieu thereof, unless he is guilty of serious misconduct, that is, misconduct of such a nature that it would be
unreasonable to require the employer to continue his employment during the notice period”. The Turkish Labour
Law allows termination without notice for reasons that are less stringent than the ILO provision for “serious
misconduct”. According to the Turkish Labour Law, the employer can immediately terminate an employment
contract for a just cause whether for a definite or indefinite period, before its expiry or without the prescribed
notice periods. The law provides a list of reasons for breaking the contract for just cause which are divided in
three groups for the employee and four groups for the employer (Art. 24 and 25), namely, reasons of health;
immoral or dishonourable conduct or other similar behaviour and force majeure. There is also a fourth group for
the employer which is the employee being under arrest or under custody. The employer is entitled to break the
employment contract, whether for a definite or indefinite period, before its expiry or without the prescribed
notice periods in the above cases.
Construction camp facilities provide adequate accommodation for workers, documented in Camp MPs
(e.g. TKN-PLN-HSM-GEN-003-P4-0).
5.2.6 Retrenchment
Local workers are being recruited by CCs for finite periods of time for work in each pipeline section
before retrenchment. It was reported and documented that workers are informed in advance of their
appointment about the duration, scope, and worker conditions (including demobilisation processes) at
their appointment. There is a large, skilled workforce in Turkey, therefore the Project is trying to
maximise local employment opportunities as the work in each area progresses. Opportunities for
local employment exist now during the current construction phase of work and retrenchment is
carried out rather than engage and move local unskilled labour outside their village/district; this is
also an approach to minimise any potential influx issues between villages/districts. It was reported
that retrenchment activities including notification and final payments, are carried out in accordance
with Turkish legal requirements.
Specific retrenchment programs are carried out by CCs, including provision of references to good
performers and providing employment again on other construction contracts (e.g. as reported by
Fernas) and TANAP reports that CCs prepare Retrenchment Plans (not sighted).
Interviews with short term labour suggests that not all CCs are making clear what the working
conditions (including retrenchment) are; in absence of a TU, the individuals interviewed stated that
any issues have been raised through the Muhtar to the relevant CC for resolution through the
Grievance mechanism (see 2.5 for further discussion).
CC Tekfen additionally has access for all its staff to the grievance mechanism ‘Sound off’ (ref: TANAP-
TKF-LET-WRP-0651). Coordination between CC and TANAP grievance mechanisms is documented in
the CC’s SMP with implementation monitoring by TANAP through internal and external auditing. CCs
are required to establish their own grievance mechanism, which are in effect for both community and
worker grievances. The Community Relations and Human Resources Departments coordinate
grievance handling in accordance with the grievance mechanism, Turkish law, and Project
requirements. All grievances are recorded in OSID (Online Stakeholder Interaction Database,
regarding grievances raised and corrective actions.
Demobilisation process and late payment of salaries are the main topics of grievances raised by
workers overall, while Fernas also reported issues of unfair dismissal, and of poor food quality at
camp, which was resolved and rectified through the internal monthly monitoring system.
Minimum working conditions for contractors are also third party monitored and are subject to
regulatory inspections.
• the TANAP Project Entity shall provide the security of manned Facilities, including material
storage yards and permanent installations, in accordance with National Laws; and
TANAP specifies its security requirements to contractors through the Security Management Appendix
of the CC contract (consistent across all CCs), and directs communications through each CC’s Security
Manager. Each CC has a security subcontractor. Governors of each area determined whether security
guards are armed or unarmed, and this was reported to be detailed in a Security Risk Assessment for
the use of arms (sample Security Risk Assessments and security due diligence materials were
provided for IESC review).
A suite of security related documents has been developed by TANAP. An evaluation plan, crisis
management, and training plan have been developed to guide security-related events and activities
and sample training records of Contractors have been provided for review. A protocol between the
Gendarmerie (law enforcement authority in rural areas) and TANAP for the construction phase is
under review. A project specific Security Management Plan has been developed for implementation
by Fernas. This Plan specifies that Government Private Security Commissions in each of the following
determined that security contractors will carry or use a weapon; in: Erzrum, Kars, Ardahan, Erzincan,
Sivas, Gümüshane, and Giresun. Some of these districts include Kurdish populations. The Plan
requires that the Security Subcontractor Company provide a statement that they are willing to comply
with the “Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights (VPSHR)”, and photographic evidence of
the training sessions have been provided. The plan also specifies plan roles and responsibilities;
reasonable use of (lethal) force/rules of engagement; provisions for weapons storage, handling and
use; licencing; staff qualifications and training; and reporting. Coordination between the Security
Coordinator, Law Enforcement, and Regional police/Gendarme Commanders is also articulated,
specifying mechanisms in crisis events / natural disasters.
TANAP Security Department has responsibility for security analysis, inspection, training functions, as
well as the Security Management System during the operations phase, to be run from the Main
Control Centre (for the whole of the project, near Ankara).
Camp security managers are responsible for communications with HS Manager and Camp manager on
Camp Emergency Response matters, including drills, and with other stakeholders such as TANAP,
Local Authorities and local Communities (e.g. Camp management system SYA-PLN-HSE-GEN-012 and
see also PR4 item 4.9 regarding community conflicts/demonstrations).
IESC considers that reasonable efforts have been made to align with this PR, including adequate due
diligence of security providers and presence of Standard Operating Procedures guiding activities.
Training on use of force and appropriate conduct towards communities by security personnel is
5 Private Security services in Europe: CoESS Facts and Figures 2013 (Confederation of European Security
Services)
PR
Performance Requirement Score Comments/ Issues Actions Required
Ref.
2.1 Human Resource Policies and PC It was noted during discussions on-site and in the head office related Develop strengthened documentation and key
Working Relationships to employee grievances, that overtime work and fatigue management actions for agreement with TANAP and EBRD on
were raised on several separate occasions. Interviews revealed there overtime, to be incorporated into the ESMS, as
is confusion at a site level as to the TANAP policy on overtime. The follows:
IESC understands that TANAP does not encourage overtime working Develop and conduct a program of engagement
for its employees, however, due to nature of the project, overtime with CC workers through appropriate
working may occur within the legal limits. During interviews on site mechanisms (e.g. HR Managers) to clarify
with Lot 1 Contractor Fernas, personnel reported that overtime was overtime policy at the site level and strengthen
allowed under Fernas company policy. According to the World Bank worker understanding of policy;
TANAP Disclosure Package, TANAP is working to address overtime Continue to implement procedures, plans and
issues through a “Working Hours Action Plan” that substantively employment contracts consistent with working
addresses overtime issues, including stakeholder complaints of hour policies. TANAP to share audit reports
overtime, CC compliance with TANAP overtime policies, and enforcing from Practical Solutions with EBRD.
legal compliance with the Turkish Labour Code. The Action Plan aims
to reach compliance with the Labour Code by December 31, 2017. Fatigue Management:
The IESC notes that the Action Plan emphasis is directed to legal Develop a Fatigue Management Plan for TANAP
compliance around overtime. While there is a commitment to ensure and its CCs;
that overtime hours are worked safely and without duress, it is not Agree the Plan and its timeframe for
clear how fatigue management measures are linked with effective implementation with the EBRD;
overtime management. It is also noted that contractors are Implement the Plan as agreed.
financially incentivised for being on time/advance of deadlines, which
may contribute to the issue of overtime and fatigue.
6Will not be applicable to many projects at appraisal stage. However evidence, within the last 3 years of client approach to retrenchment which is not compatible with the
Policy should be taken into consideration.
PR 3 requires that the ESIA process identifies opportunities and alternatives for resource efficiency in
accordance with GIP. Regarding the Compressor Stations (CSTs), it is not clear in the ESIA and
supporting documentation available for review how this has occurred. The CSTs are a major emitter
of GHG during operation of the pipeline, as identified in the ESIA. A BAT assessment has been
conducted and provides sufficient detail to verify that EBRD guidance requirements have been met in
relation to how the adoption of resource efficiency and waste reduction considerations helped to
define the technology chosen in the CSTs. The BAT included detail on the realisation of the energy
savings possible because of the adoption of BAT for the CSTs and demonstrated that energy
efficiency measures have been identified.
This MP sets out the ESIA compliance requirements and relevant responsibilities associated with
pollution prevention and spill prevention and response. It provides a list of the relevant ESIA
commitments and who has responsibility for the task(s) required for compliance with the
commitment, in line with the tasks and responsibilities assigned within the TANAP Environmental and
Social Compliance Registers. Contractor responsibilities are clearly defined and include the
requirement to develop a specific Pollution Prevention MP. Examples of CC Pollution Prevention MPs
were reviewed for suitability during the ESDD process. CC MPs are also publicly disclosed on the
TANAP website.
Construction
Generation of particulate matter was the primary impact identified during construction activities and
these are managed in the Pollution Prevention MP. Particulate emissions at sensitive receptors
(human and ecological) were assessed with appropriate methodology. Mitigation measures included
consideration of technically and financially feasible options to reduce construction emissions.
Operation
The primary emission source during operations are the CSTs located along the pipeline route (4
CSTs). These are designed to increase the gas pressure to adjust the gas flow to the desired
throughput. Each compressor station will be operated by gas turbines and the gas supply will be
provided from the gas flow in the pipeline. As such these facilities will have associated gaseous
emissions which required assessment. The ESIA states (in Chapter 2) that best practice technology
has been considered in reducing emissions from the CSTs. Modelled Ground Level Concentrations
(GLCs) of gaseous emissions surrounding the CSTs indicate that they are below applicable Project
Standards.
The maximum rated output of the CSTs is 157MW (for three out of four of the CSTs). EU Directive
2010/75 requires that facilities with power rating greater than 100MW shall have their emissions
monitored continuously. This should be confirmed once the infrastructure design has been defined
further.
Management and monitoring plans for air emissions during operation phases (both routine and non-
routine) of the Project have not yet been developed; although the design requirements for equipment
are specified and include minimum emission performance standards. The emissions to air from the
CST’s has been predicted using air dispersion models.
The ESIA states that waste water from domestic requirements will be captured and treated in water
treatment facilities prior to being discharged to the environment. Prior to discharge, testing would be
undertaken to ensure compliance with Project Standards.
Onshore hydrotest water will preferentially be taken from surface water bodies. After use, it is
intended that water be treated until it meets the required Project Standards and discharged back to
the closest receiving environment (surface water). Where possible, addition of chemical corrosion
inhibitors will be avoided, although in some cases they may be required. The hydrotesting process is
managed through an Environmental Hydrotest Monitoring Plan, developed under TANAP guidance for
each CC over the four Lots. Each water abstraction and discharge point along the entire route was
assessed for water quality and ecological restrictions and appropriate management measures
proposed (i.e. exclusion of fish spawning periods for extraction activities).
Hydrostatic testing of offshore equipment and marine section of the pipeline involves pressure testing
with water (typically filtered seawater, unless equipment specifications do not allow it) to verify
equipment and pipeline integrity. Chemical additives (corrosion inhibitors, oxygen scavengers, and
dyes) may be added to the water to prevent internal corrosion or to identify leaks. A range of
measures have been proposed to minimise pollution to the marine environment from hydrotesting,
although these have yet to be formalised within the ESMPs and require review against EBRD PRs
when completed.
Water supplied to the construction camps is extracted from groundwater bores at the site under
permit from the DSI. Sanitary wastewater from the camps is treated at on-site wastewater treatment
plant and discharged to an approved location after it meets applicable Project Standards. As for the
wastewater from construction sites, it is understood that such water is collected in septic tanks and
then transported to the camps for treatment.
During operation, the collection of process waste water in the Above Ground Facilities is possible. It
will be collected in impermeable storage containers and either pumped to waste water treatment
plants if nearby or transferred by truck to an appropriate facility.
5.3.2.3 Soil
Soils were studied with specific reference to their ability to produce acidic conditions (due to sulphide
oxidation) upon excavation. Specifications for this soil testing were documented in a Subsurface
Investigation Works procedure, primarily designed to determine soil conditions and their potential for
corrosion of steel and concrete. If hostile soil conditions were encountered, then changes to the
pipeline route were considered or specific management and mitigation measures introduced.
An assessment of GHG emissions has been conducted in Section 8.1.1 of the ESIA. Emissions were
calculated using the guidance outlined in INGAA, 2005. Greenhouse gas emission estimation
guidelines for natural gas transmission and storage – Volume 1 – GHG emission estimation
methodologies and procedures.
Section 10.5 of the ESIA estimates total annual GHG emissions as follows (CO2-equivalent):
The EBRD requires that operations that produce more than 25,000 tonnes CO2-equivalent annually
quantify and report these emissions to the EBRD annually, in accordance with the EBRD Methodology
for Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
5.3.4 Water
Combined with the discussion in 5.3.2, abstraction of water for hydrotest activities is assessed in the
ESIA; with more detail on each abstraction point given in the BAP and within the CCs respective
Hydrotest Management Plans. Examples reviewed demonstrated that both ecological and social
aspects were considered when assessing the abstraction and discharge points for each hydrotest
location, as required by PR 3.
5.3.5 Waste
The ESIA includes a detailed assessment of waste streams generated by the Project during
construction, operation and decommissioning. Management and mitigation measures are documented
in a Waste Management Plan and Pollution Prevention Plan developed by TANAP and each CC has
developed their own equivalent plans for implementation on the Project. The Plan’s includes key
responsibilities and accountability; waste forecasting requirements; segregation; application of the
waste management hierarchy; organisational structure; training; monitoring and reporting.
Waste disposal is regulated under Turkish legislation, with which TANAP complies. Waste contractors
are utilised to transfer waste to the nearest municipality landfill and disposed of. Recyclable material
will be segregated and disposed of at appropriate facilities licenced by the applicable Ministry.
Hazardous wastes are disposed of by a licenced waste disposal contractor with applicable permits
under Turkish legislation. Chain of custody records are held by TANAP confirming waste has been
disposed of at an appropriate facility.
As discussed in Section 5.1.6, EBRD PRs recommend that clients ascertain whether licenced disposal
sites are being operated to acceptable standards. Evidence has been supplied to validate that TANAP
has conducted site verification audits of licenced waste disposal facilities along the pipeline route to
ensure that Project generated waste is being disposed of appropriately by the contractor.
As per the requirements of both Turkish and EU legislation, TANAP utilises licenced contractors to
transport and dispose of hazardous waste. The EBRD PRs recommend that clients ascertain whether
licenced disposal sites are being operated to acceptable standards. TANAP has conducted site
verification audits of a sample of disposal facilities along the pipeline route to ensure that their waste
is being disposed of appropriately by the contractor.
PR
Performance Requirement Score Comments/ Issues Actions Required
Ref.
3.1 Resource Efficiency FC The principles of resource efficiency appear to have been suitability
identified during the ESIA process.
The ESIA states (in Chapter 2) that best practice technology has been
considered in reducing emissions from the Compressor Stations
(CSTs).
The maximum rated output of the CSTs is 157MW (for three of the
CSTs). EU Directive 2010/75 requires that facilities with power rating
greater than 100MW shall have their emissions monitored
continuously. It is not clear in the ESIA whether this will occur at the
CSTs as part of the commitment to best practice technology.
The Project generates two main streams of waste water from its
construction activities; these being effluent water generated from
Project camps/facilities and hydrotest waste water.
The ESIA states that waste water from domestic requirements will be
captured and treated in water treatment facilities prior to being
discharged to the environment. Prior to discharge, testing would be
undertaken to ensure compliance with Project Standards.
7Particular attention should be given to client demonstration of consideration of alternatives. Projects expected annually to produce more than 25,000 tonnes of Co2
equivalent should provide an emission inventory and plans for annual reporting.
The EBRD requires that operations that produce more than 25,000
tonnes CO2-equivalent annually (which TANAP does) quantify and
report these emissions to the EBRD annually, in accordance with the
EBRD Methodology for Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
3.5 Water FC Discussion is evident in the ESIA on the need to minimise and re-use
water where possible.
3.6 Wastes FC Detailed consideration of waste streams and their impact has been
provided in the ESIA.
3.7 Hazardous Substances and Materials FC As per the requirements of both Turkish and EU legislation, TANAP
utilises licenced contractors to transport and dispose of hazardous
waste.
Risk assessments form the basis of the management controls within the HSMS and apply the
mitigation hierarchy in their implementation. A dedicated organisational structure has been defined
to implement the TANAP HSMS.
H&S expectations for CCs were communicated during the tender process through the Health, Safety,
Social and Environmental Requirements for Suppliers and Vendors. CCs implement their own internal
HSMS which aligns with the TANAP HSMS.
High risk hazards are controlled through a Permit to Work (PTW) process, implemented by each Lot
CC and under supervision from TANAP personnel. Activities that require implementation of a PTW
include:
• Cold Work;
• Hot Work;
• Excavation;
• Confined Space;
• Gas Measurement.
Lifting of pipeline on each Lot is managed under procedural guidance in the form of Safe Work
Method Statements (SWMS), as it was determined that due to the large amount of pipeline lifts on
the Project that control through a PTW system would be time consuming without providing additional
benefits to the task.
Some working conditions and amenities observed at Lot 1 did not appear appropriate to the nature of
the work being conducted and the climatic conditions at the time (see also PR 2 on working
conditions). A lack of in-field amenities including toilets, shelters and heating were observed in a
range of separate locations in the field at Lot 1. Temperature in the field during the site visit was
approximately -5 to -10C. Remains of a campfire on bare ground were observed in the Erzurum
Wetland (Critical Habitat area). The IESC considers that the observed working conditions may pose
an occupational health and safety risk to construction workers on this Lot. TANAP has a NCR system
in place to manage CC performance. However, it is not clear when / if it has been used for OHS
breaches relating to environmental conditions experience in each Lot. The TANAP Assurance Review
process provides a detailed review of contractor management of HSE issues including site worker
facilities, fatigue management for drivers, high risk work procedures, work permit system
As of March 2017, the Project had recorded 1 fatality in the year to date and 6 fatalities for the period
of the Project. There have been 5 Lost Time Incidents in the year to date and 27 for the Project to
date. For road accidents attributable to the Project, there have been 2 recordable accidents in the
year to date and 14 over the life of Project. TANAP has recorded a Lost Time Injury frequency rate of
0.66 which is below its target of 0.82. The Project’s Total Recordable Injury Frequency Rate (TRIFR)
is 1.45 which is also below the Project target frequency rate of 2.
For each major safety incident, the IESC team reviewed the detailed incident reports to determine
whether the appropriate response measures had been investigated and implemented. Each incident
appeared to have been investigated in detail, with numerous corrective actions implemented.
Fatalities that occurred were on Lots managed by different CCs and involving a range of scenarios
(i.e. no pattern of occurrence) however a review of incident root cause analysis indicated that some
recurring trends were observed. These included insufficient training, infrequent audits and
evaluations and inadequate risk assessment of tasks. For personnel involved in or witnessing these
incidents, it is not clear if additional support in terms of counselling services has been offered to these
employees.
A review of the Project incident database identified that there were many incidents that involved near
misses and first aid / lost time injuries related to pipeline lifting activities. One of the recorded
fatalities was also a lifting incident. The detailed incident report related to the lifting fatality stated
that root causes of the incident were insufficient training and a lack of suitable procedures for the
tasks. Interviews with employees on the Lot indicated that it was normal practice for personnel to be
in the designated ‘danger zone’ during lifts, amongst other system failings. The fact that it was
considered normal working practice to be within the ‘danger zone’ during lifts also indicates that there
may have been a lack of appropriate supervision and conduct of workplace inspections of lifting
activities by TANAP in the field.
The IESC team has some concern that lifting activities in particular are leading to a relatively high
occurrence of reported incidents / near misses. Given that lifting of pipe is one of the most common
activities on the Project which has the potential for serious injury or fatalities, a certain level of
control and supervision of the tasks by TANAP would be expected, particularly given that lifts on the
Project are not controlled under the PTW system. TANAP reports that Lessons Learnt documents of
incidents are being shared with all lots and stations, and actions are being followed up by LOT and
Station Leads (Delivery Manager, Lot HS Lead, etc). Relevant procedures and official letters provided
and discussed with TANAP in meetings held on 12 May 2017 indicate that appropriate remedial
actions are being implemented by TANAP in relation to lifting activities.
Site-based practices vary across CCs, with evidence of differing standards of security of Project site
access and protection of communities from potential hazards (e.g. fencing, signage, accessibility of
open trenches, engagement with affected communities). TANAP reports that trench registers are
being kept for the entire route, including the barricading status of open trenches, and are being
closely followed up by the Construction and HS Teams. Additionally, the Community Relations Team
is undertaking Community Safety Awareness meetings including access to open trenches, ROW, risks
related with unauthorised site access, and construction and traffic safety with communities
throughout the pipeline route.
However, in alignment with a key construction phase project risk, there was evidence of strong
management of potential road safety impacts to both workers and communities. These included
travel management tools, vehicle controls and monitoring, and community and worker training, and
specific training with women and children to minimise public health risks due to vehicle traffic.
Emergency Response Plans have additionally been developed and approved by TANAP, including
provision for engagement and training with external emergency responders by the Project, led by
TANAP’s Security and Emergency Response departments. These plans are supplemented by mapping
of available health services along the pipeline, and address potential for community conflicts that may
occur as a result of the Project. Regular walk-overs and fly-overs of the pipeline are in place for the
construction phase of the Project to monitor potential pipeline intrusion, while building intrusion
systems are being implemented during construction for all AGIs.
Transportation of explosives for blasting of some pipeline trenches in rocky terrain areas is done
under the supervision of Gendarmerie. Blasting is done by a series of controlled explosions, and any
excess explosives are collected by the Gendarmerie. No explosives are stored on-site.
Process safety and equipment safety procedural guidance has yet to be developed and will be done
prior to operations commencing.
The ESMPs provide construction phase management controls to prevent impacts from Project related
activities resulting in harmful exposures or degradation of environmental values that are important in
maintaining community health. The construction phase plans include interface with stakeholder
engagement plans and recognise the need to communicate with local communities regarding
environmental performance and to respond to external stakeholder concerns. The Pollution
Prevention MP describes the control measures to be implemented by all Project delivery teams to
prevent contamination of soil and water, minimise spills risks and prevent impacts to livestock.
A specific Road Safety Management Unit was created to work within the overall HSMS. Detailed
ESMS documentation has been developed related to road safety, vehicle use and journey
management. Each driving route was risk assessed using a road risk analysis. Mitigation measures
on vehicles including GPS tracking and vehicle cameras were observed in all Project vehicles. Use of
mobile phones is prohibited when driving.
From a community perspective, evidence from community meetings concurs with Lender
requirements and GIP. This includes provision of training in project-affected communities on road and
traffic safety, commencing from the construction phase. Evidence has been sighted of training
programs with women and children, facilitated by CCs and TANAP social staff.
Potential effects of population influx including community exposure to disease has been minimised by
local employment practices. A local hiring plan with associated KPIs, and communications with local
communities on potential hiring opportunities, have minimised population influx. Further, documented
engagement results demonstrate variation in the demand for unskilled jobs across different Lots,
which can also influence potential for influx.
ERPs related to operation of the pipeline are currently in development and are stated to be ready six
months prior to operation. Offshore construction ERPs including an Oil Spill Emergency Response
Plan required to manage response to vessel interactions have been drafted and TANAP plan to
complete these prior to construction in the offshore package commencing in late June 2017. TANAP
are required to have these developed and disclose these plans prior to commencement of offshore
works.
Particular attention was given to lifting activities on the Project and whether
appropriate controls and supervision of lifting is occurring to ensure incidents are
minimised. The IESC team was provided with additional information following the
site audit that demonstrated that the actions resulting from major incident
investigations were being adequately applied and that the incident rates due to
construction activities had been reduced for the period from January to March 2017.
4.2 Community Health and Safety FC Potential impacts to Community health and safety was assessed in the ESIA chapter
8.3 (Social impact assessment – onshore) and the relevant SMPs subsequently
developed:
Community Safety Management Plan (Appendix 5.2)
Traffic Management Plan (Appendix 5.7).
TANAP conducts periodic monitoring of implementation by CCs’ of the MPs and third
party independent monitoring is additionally undertaken by CINAR.
Detailed ESMS documentation has been developed related to vehicle use and
journey management. Mitigation measures on vehicles including GPS tracking and
vehicle cameras were observed in all Project vehicles. Use of mobile phones is
prohibited when driving.
Section 8.1.3 of the ESIA also considers impacts associated with slope instability in
the design of the pipeline route.
TANAP stated during the audit that 3rd party contractors are on call for any
incidences of communicable diseases, together with the Project Occupational Health
doctors, whose program of work is also periodically audited. Communicable disease
management is provided for occupational response, in the Medical Emergency
Response Plan (see PLK-PLN-HSM-PL4-011, 13.12.2016), however this Plan does
not extend to community health response to Project-induced communicable disease.
Any potential effects of population influx, with the consequent potential impact of
exposure to communicable diseases, were stated as being mitigated predominantly
through local employment practices. A study on manpower resources requirements
and availability was undertaken, in consultation with relevant stakeholders (local
authorities, chambers of commerce and others) (ref: HZR-REP-SOCGEN-001,
11.12.2015). This study indicated province-specific manpower context and informed
CCs’ local hiring plans, with associated roles, responsibilities and KPIs, developed by
each CC (e.g. FRN-PLN-SOC-PL1-001). Potential employment opportunities for local
labour are promoted at the village level near the current construction sites, based
on local hiring plans. Resulting levels of influx are low, as local potential hiring
opportunities are well understood and communicated to communities according to
the site-specific manpower resources.
4.9 Emergency Preparedness and PC Environmental Emergency Response Plans have been developed by construction Develop offshore construction ERPs
Response contractors based on the requirements of the Guidelines for Contractors and disclose information in line with
The Environmental Emergency Response Plan, which includes oils spill response,
has been drafted for the offshore construction package and is expected to be
finalised prior to the commencement of the offshore construction – late June 2017.
The project will cause no physical displacement, but will require permanent and temporary land
acquisition, on both public and private land. Livelihoods impacts will predominantly be from short-
term construction impacts but will cause loss of agricultural land and crops, and common natural
resources.
A number of documents regarding resettlement have been prepared for the TANAP Project. This
commenced with the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), which was prepared at the time of the ESIA
(Golder, 2015, GLD-PLN-LAC-GEN-003-P3-1). Following this, an Implementation Audit (carried out by
ERM in 2016) and WB due diligence investigation have been undertaken on the TANAP land
acquisition, involuntary resettlement and economic displacement activities to identify gaps in
inventory studies and against World Bank E&S safeguards policies. These resulted in the development
of the RAP for Above Ground Installations (AGIs RAP) and a RAP for the Pipeline (Pipeline RAP).
These documents present a new suite of studies, commitments, processes and documents for
development and implementation by TANAP in fulfilling international standards in land acquisition and
livelihood restoration, including filling gaps in having not completed a full socio-economic survey and
census8, or livelihood restoration mechanism. The areas covered by the additional corrective actions
identified by TANAP address: Compensation and Entitlements; Livelihood Restoration; Vulnerable
Groups; Grievance Redress Mechanism; Community Engagement and Disclosure Policy; Monitoring
Process; and Local Employment9. TANAP has made an additional 16 commitments to be taken for the
remaining implementation period including preparation of a monitoring program to ensure delivery of
the commitments against international standards.
No material non-compliances were identified as the part of the review against land acquisition,
involuntary resettlement and economic displacement criteria. The RAPs present the overall impacts,
policy and legislative framework, land acquisition process, consultations and disclosure details and
implementation arrangements, indicative implementation schedules and budgets and significant
further work has been undertaken by TANAP and Lenders to develop additional commitments to meet
international requirements in LAR.
8 A full census was not carried out for the pipeline. Instead, a representative socioeconomic survey was
conducted with 876 Project affected households, in-depth interviews with 132 village headmen and focus group
discussions with 16 different women’s groups.
9 The corrective actions are summarized in Table 24: Summary of Corrective Actions of the Pipeline RAP (pp. 48)
Four different land types are required: 49-year unrestricted and exclusive rights (16m pipeline
corridor); temporary (3year) easement rights (20m pipeline corridor); permanent ownership rights
(AGIs, access roads, poles); and 5-year contractual (rental agreement) rights for temporary facilities
such as camps. BOTAS as the land rights entity (LRE) is carrying out management and execution of
all land acquisition, in accordance to national requirements, project standards and international
policies, monitored by TANAP. The pipeline requires acquisition of 6,340ha (2,307ha of public land
and 4,032ha of private land), while 263ha of land was acquired permanently for AGIs, across 578
land parcels (79% privately owned) and impacting 936 Project Affected Persons (PAPs). AGIs for the
TANAP project include 7 compressor stations, 4 Metering stations, 11 Pig Launcher and receiver
facilities, 49 Block Valve Stations (BVS), and 2 Off-Take points.
Route realignment has been carried out during the construction phase in accordance with the re-
routing procedure to manage deviations that are required from the ESIA approved alignment. Site
surveys are undertaken by an assessment with TANAP, the CC and survey team for TANAP final
approval prior to route change implementation, including consultation with relevant stakeholders. The
process is described for community engagement in the Guide to Land Acquisition and Compensation
(currently being updated). A third-party consultant, consisting of three senior experts and one junior
expert has been engaged to conduct monitoring of PR 5 related issues (CINAR is the third-party
monitoring consultant for all other areas, excluding PR5 related issues).
TANAP has committed to follow international and national policies on LA, and in the event of a
conflict in interpretation, the international standards (World Bank OP4.12) will prevail.
5.5.2 Consultation
Consultation is required with the land owners, tenants, users, squatters, encroachers and those who
will/are experiencing loss of grazing, forest and community lands and severance/fragmentation of
lands. BOTAS is the government entity responsible for carrying out land acquisition and expropriation
on behalf of the TANAP project, including identifying, engaging with some 97,000 landowners, with
TANAP. Good working relationships were evident during the audit between BOTAS and TANAP.
Consultations commenced during Project planning phase activities, with 80 meetings with Project
affected settlements in September 2014 including distribution of the Guide to Land Access and
Resettlement (GLAC). Subsequent consultation has been undertaken by BOTAS, TANAP and CCs,
from 2014 to the present, including: Information meetings prior to negotiations/gathering sample
census data; 2 rounds of negotiation meetings; crop determination studies/meetings; preconstruction
information meetings; and land entry meetings. Advance notice/information is provided to PAPs prior
to discussions/negotiations and legal advisors present during negotiation meetings to advise on
procedural matters. Land entry meetings are held only after compensation has been paid to the
relevant landowner(s) or into an escrow account. CCs’ Community Liaison Officers (CLOs) maintain
continuous relations with PAPs and TANAP field staff maintain continuous relations with other
TANAP acknowledges in the RAP for the Pipeline that the cut-off date identified in the initial RAP was
not applied in practice, as the construction commenced in advance of the original schedule and the
identification of PAPs and their assets inventory had not been completed, as is required by
international standards. However, in line with the concept of multiple cut-off dates across the
different provinces, BOTAS is applying the following approach in line with the Pipeline RAP
specifications:
• For land and other assets; the cut-off date was determined as “the day before negotiations”
(noting that BOTAS branch office representatives announced information regarding the cut
off dates and distributed the GLAC during the village consultations prior to negotiations); and
• For standing crops; the cut-off date was determined as “the day of the determination of
users” after Article 27 was put into force.
While the original approach was not in compliance with GIP, BOTAS has committed to evaluating and
compensating every additional claim and justified complaint (i.e. in line with eligibility requirements)
including those that fall after the cut-off date, which is considered a practicable approach to this
requirement (ref: Pipeline RAP s.2.34).
TANAP also acknowledges that a full socioeconomic census was not conducted (Ref: Pipeline RAP s.
2.102), rather, a sample survey was undertaken that did not allow for a full census or identification of
vulnerable households. TANAP has committed to carrying out a retrospective study to inform all
eligible PAPs and compensate these PAPs who have not yet been compensated under the new
Entitlements Matrix, to be undertaken with the development and disclosure of the public brochure
describing the RAP Fund and its management. Further, in absence of one to date, TANAP commits to
developing a Livelihood Restoration Plan to address livelihoods impacts of the Project. This should
address PAPs, and as per s.5.5.3 below, also specifically respond to whether undue hardship has
been caused through the expropriation process. Note this will allow for an additional layer of analysis
to the commitment to investigate and provide support for vulnerable groups, as identified in the
Corrective Actions summary (Table 24, RAP for Pipeline).
• Limited access to agricultural land thus direct impact on agricultural production and livelihood
reduction
Consultation and information disclosure has been undertaken providing details of project activities,
timelines and responsibilities of various parties in land acquisition (LA), including distribution of the
Guide to Land Acquisition and Compensation (GLAC). The IESC notes that the corrective actions
identified in the RAP include additional engagement and disclosure actions to strengthen the Project’s
response and management of these identified issues. The RAP Fund Management Procedure has
been drafted and defines the process for implementing the RAP Fund to entitled PAPs (i.e. the
mechanism for ensuring those eligible under the revised Entitlements Matrix are identified and
compensated accordingly). Further, a new brochure is being prepared for those who are entitled to
RAP Fund compensation in line with the revised Entitlements Matrix for a widespread disclosure of
RAP Fund components and entitlements to facilitate information disclosure to PAPs in detail about
eligibility, entitlements and processes. This brochure is being delivered to eligible households and
affected communities, commencing April 2017. In parallel, internal training on international Lender
requirements has been scheduled or undertaken with all LOTS to ensure consultation and
engagement with PAPs is in line with the requirements. Lastly a stakeholder engagement plan specific
to the disclosure and engagement process on the revised entitlements matrix is yet to be complete.
This engagement plan should ensure that TANAP is proactively identifying potentially eligible
households. For disclosure of and engagement on RAP Implementation, TANAP advise that an Annex-
2 to the existing SEP is the preferred method, rather than developing a new plan of engagement
specific to RAP Implementation. This is intended to minimise confusion by making the documentation
as simple and user-friendly as possible.
5.5.3 Compensation
TANAP has described the LA process (including, broadly, identifying the corridor,
landowner/landowner shareholders, negotiation and agreement with landowners or expropriation
process). LA compensation is: (a) cash compensation for private land acquisition; (b) other assistance
through implementation of livelihood restoration plans (c) RAP Fund assistance for PAPs (informal
users or settlers not covered by Turkish legal requirements); (d) entry costs and leases for the
forestry lands. As at August 2016, approximately 5,450 formal land users have been identified (to be
compensated through BOTAS) and 324 informal users to be compensated through the RAP Fund,
administered by TANAP, as BOTAS cannot acquire land from or compensate these categories that fall
outside the Turkish legal framework. PAPs in categories eligible to receive compensation from the
RAP Fund are defined in the Entitlement Matrix in the AGIs and Pipeline RAPs. A RAP Fund
Management Procedure focusing on RAP Fund strategy and implementation principles has been
drafted and is currently being delivered to Project-affected settlements and PAPs, along with the new
GLAC (Guide to Land Acquisition). The RAP Fund Evaluation Committee has additionally been
established.
Permanent land acquisition is required for approximately 260ha for the AGIs, while approximately
6,600ha is required for a temporary period of 3 years (easement land for the construction corridor, or
Eligibility criteria for AGIs are defined and include provision for support to vulnerable groups. TANAP
has committed to provide additional support from this fund for economic losses of producers that
earn income from agricultural activities carried out on private or public lands affected by permanent
acquisition of land for AGIs, and to compensate such losses by allowing producers to benefit from
activities to be determined within the scope of Livelihood Restoration Program. Field studies for the
preparation of LRP for AGIs, focusing on AGI-based vulnerable groups, were completed in April 2017
and the following Livelihood Restoration Program is to be drafted by the end of June 2017. Types of
support will depend on the settlement impacted, but may include priority for employment during
Project construction, agricultural support, support to livestock production, intensive farming support,
irrigation support, alternative income generation, trainings and capacity building.
Payments to be made were initially developed to meet Turkish national expropriation requirements,
however additional entitlements have been included to meet WB OP 4.12 requirements (transaction
costs, transitional payments, support to vulnerable households, and compensation for unviable land
parcels). In some areas, this is to be applied retrospectively (for example, 100% of ROW activity has
been completed in Lot 1). A retrospective study is being undertaken (due for completion in July 2017)
to identify and compensate PAPs who have not been compensated yet under this change in
Entitlements Matrix (ref: Summary of Corrective Actions). Further, TANAP will explicitly allow for full
replacement cost for all assets and will ensure that lost income is fully restored through the
compensation process.
The Guide to Land Acquisition and Compensation (GLAC) was developed in 2014 to inform
landowners about the process for land acquisition, including the grievance mechanism, rights, and the
Land entry protocols in place to ensure land parcels are not able to be accessed by CCs without
compensation payments having been received by land owners. In addition, TANAP has developed a
brochure as a supplementary document to GLAC-2014 to explain new entitlements and eligibility
requirements as per the new Entitlements Matrix (as referenced in the above), as well as new
grievance mechanism information such as the Appeals Committee process (i.e. as per Pipeline RAP).
This new brochure developed for disclosure focuses on the frequently asked questions related to land
acquisition, and additional RAP Fund items, together with the revised / improved Entitlements Matrix.
The procedure for demonstrating avoidance of expropriation appears to be a gap. While TANAP’s LA
process allows for negotiation with landowners, 67% of agreements are not amicable and trigger the
expropriation process, which does not meet with GIP and suggests the process of determining and
compensating landowners is rushed, in addition to absentee owners or other factors, resulting in
significant expropriation by international standards. While acknowledging that the pipeline
component of the project is linear, temporary and land acquisition has been completed, it should be
clear to TANAP that the expropriation process has not caused undue hardship to those losing access
to their resources, and thus the interviews and community-level meetings planned with disclosure of
the new RAP Fund brochure are key to ensuring proactive identification of potentially eligible PAPs.
All PAPs are provided with general information about the Project and specific information regarding
the LA activities, through meetings and engagement activities, as well as receiving disclosure
information such as the GLAC. The GLAC also describes the grievance process, including ways in
which grievances can be raised and the process and timelines for resolution. A quarter of all
complaints across all Lots received to date relate to damage to land (see also PR10).
Appeals Committees have been established for each Lot in January 2017 with notification at the
community level from February 2017. These will provide for third party consideration of grievances
that cannot be agreed between TANAP and the complainant. Appeals Committees were established in
January 2017 for each Lot and are being announced via posters at settlement level in addition to
public disclosure on the TANAP website and supported by documentation including the SEP,
Grievance Procedure and an Appeals Committee Application Form. Currently, no complaints have
been escalated to Appeals Committees. The SEP was updated to reflect their formation, and
disclosed via new brochure being prepared to announce RAP Fund and Appeals Committee as a part
of TANAP’s Grievance Mechanism as of April 2017. Further, incorporating additional grievance
categories into OSID will now to allow for deeper analysis and better responsiveness to issues raised
by PAPs.
CCs have a maintenance period of one year, which will include the period for testing success of
reinstatement of land. This is to be completed to the satisfaction of TANAP, and losses of income due
to the failure of reinstatement are anticipated in the payments to landowners. Landowners are
additionally able to raise a grievance following the Land Exit process. For example, if grievances
relate to satisfaction of reinstatement and this falls during the maintenance period, this will fall under
the jurisdiction of the CC to rectify, otherwise this will be responded to as per the grievance
mechanism. According to TANAP, post-maintenance period land reinstatement rectification for the 2
years after reinstatement is the responsibility of the associated construction contractors as per their
contracts. ; the guidance on the Fund’s operation is yet to be developed and is anticipated for
completion by June 2017. Depreciation of land value is factored in to the valuation of land parcels
during the negotiation process (payments are between 70-90% of easement value, depending on the
type of land, and productivity losses are calculated as 30% for year 1, 20% loss for year 2 and 10%
loss for year three, added to the land value.)
It can be anticipated that there may be issues regarding reinstatement success due to soil storage
practices (see PR 6) hence the need to ensure the guidance provides clarity that this reinstatement
will be provided for and grievances redress actions taken, whether financed through the RAP Fund or
elsewhere, and an assessment that the productivity loss factors are accurate and sufficient to cover
real losses experienced in practice. See also Section 5.5.6 and 5.5.7. It is noted that Reinstatement
has been included as a new category in OSID to enable tracking of this issue.
Gaps in meeting international requirements have been identified and plans are in place to address
these, as publicly disclosed commitments in the Summary of Corrective Actions (Addendum to the
Pipeline RAP) for development and implementation of a Livelihood Restoration Plan (LRP) for the AGIs
,, focusing on AGI-affected vulnerable groups, and an LRP for Offshore Fishermen. Some of the
livelihood restoration activities are to be supported through the RAP Fund (e.g. squatters, informal
land users and vulnerable households). The LRP documentation reflects onshore and offshore
impacts; the Draft Fisheries LRP was disclosed to fishermen at two impacted settlements (Kemer &
Aksaz villages) from April 2017 and the LRP has been finalised with the inputs from disclosure and
other Lenders. The field studies for the preparation of the LRP for AGIs, focusing on AGI-based
vulnerable groups, were completed in April 2017, with the LRP to be drafted by the end of June 2017.
There have been some crop payments made from the RAP Fund already, in absence of the RAP Fund
guidance (e.g. small costs in transporting landowners to meetings during the land acquisition
process); these payments will need to be reconciled and audited by a third party (the RAP External
Monitoring Team).
TANAP commissioned a study to identify possible livelihood impacts on fishery communities near
Marmara Sea in order to develop a mitigation approach and Livelihood Restoration Plan appropriate
to the impact of the Project on fisher livelihoods. The IESC notes that completion and commencement
of implementation of this Plan is on track to commence in advance of early works and exclusion of
fisherfolk from the fishing areas. TANAP and the Offshore CC are, at May 2016, preparing for
stakeholder engagement and LRP implementation.
Land acquisition for AGI has commenced for 349 of the 458 parcels impacted by the Project, and A
Socio-economic field study conducted during July-August 2016 with 182 PAPs impacted by
Compressor Stations and Metering Stations. Engagement identified the key findings that PAPs do not
clearly distinguish land acquisition between the pipeline compared to the AGIs, that most do not use
the grievance mechanism and that PAPs do not distinguish between TANAP, BOTAS or CCs on site,
rather, the Project is viewed as a single entity. IESC notes that TANAP is addressing these
shortcomings; AGI-specific disclosure to respond to all concerns raised by PAPs (including Project
information, grievance mechanism, compensation strategy, employment opportunities, subcontractors
and Project details regarding implementation) are currently being implemented. The AGIs land
census survey was completed with 1008 PAPs in 265 households, and according to PAP declaration,
almost half of the households lost less than 20 percent of their total land holdings due to permanent
land take resulted from MS and CS specific AGIs. The IESC notes that the LRP for PAPs whom have
been subjected to a loss of livelihood are to be compensated through the AGI LRP now under
development.
5.5.7 Monitoring
The AGI and pipeline RAPs specify monitoring and evaluation mechanisms including indicators,
implementation schedule, and budget. These RAPs will be subject to IESC/independent monitoring
and review throughout implementation in accordance with GIP and EBRD PR 5 requirements.
TANAP reports that the Final RAP Monitoring Plan has been prepared and approved by TANAP (and
the World Bank) and an independent expert contracted for RAP External Monitoring. This Team
commenced External Monitoring in April 2017 and their 1st Semi-Annual Report will be submitted in
June 2017. The 1st RAP Quarterly Internal Monitoring Report has been prepared, and is now also
available for input to the RAP External Monitoring Team review/assessment.
TANAP has committed that the monitoring process for the Project is to be immediately implemented,
and it is to be closely linked to the grievance mechanism to provide a feedback loop. Internal
monitoring processes, key indicators (input, output, process, outcome and impact, see RAP s8.8) are
to be monitored through regular internal progress reports. The IESC notes that specific indicators will
apply to BOTAS and TANAP. This RAP Monitoring plan has been reviewed by the IESC.
Internal and external monitoring activities will be further defined in line with RAP commitments, and
includes TANAP internal performance monitoring, external experts/consultants undertaking impact
monitoring, and TANAP and external consultants conducting the RAP Completion audit. Further,
TANAP has committed to undertaking an end term impact evaluation by an independent firm, one
year following substantial RAP implementation, to evaluate the outcomes of compensation and
assistance impact on project affected people to improve their living standards. This report is to be
PR
Performance Requirement Score Comments/ Issues Actions Required
Ref.
5.1 Avoid or minimise displacement FC Full compliance was observed in relation to avoidance or minimisation
of displacement, with no physical resettlement required over the
length of the pipeline or at AGIs. Route realignment has been carried
out during the construction phase to manage deviations from the
ESIA approved alignment, in accordance with Project procedures and
the Guide to Land Acquisition and Compensation (GLAC), developed
for stakeholders. The pipeline requires temporary (3-year) acquisition
of 6,340ha, while 263ha of land was acquired permanently for AGIs,
across 578 land parcels and 936 Project Affected Persons (PAPs).
5.2 Consultation PC Consultation with stakeholders is undertaken by TANAP as the Project RAP Fund Management:
owner, CCs’ through site-based community liaison officers, and (a) Provide EBRD the stakeholder engagement
BOTAS, as the entity responsible for land acquisition, requiring plan, Annex 2 on RAP Implementation),
identification and engagement with approximately 97,000 landowners. including specific provisions for engagement
Consultation commenced during the Project planning phase, and has with vulnerable households.
since additionally included engagement specifically on: Information
meetings prior to negotiations/census data gathering; 2 rounds of
negotiation meetings; crop determination studies/meetings;
preconstruction information meetings; and land entry meetings. Land
exit meetings will also be undertaken following reinstatement
(approximately 3 years after land entry). Consultation processes
provide for engagement with vulnerable groups including women, and
overall, the IESC notes that the corrective actions identified in the
RAP include additional engagement and disclosure actions to
strengthen the Project’s responsiveness to stakeholders’ issues.
The Cut-off date from the original RAP could not be met, and BOTAS
has developed a practicable approach to evaluate and compensate
every additional claim and justified complaint even after the cut-off
date. TANAP should ensure that this commitment is met through its
monitoring and auditing processes.
5.3 Compensation for displaced persons PC Permanent land acquisition is required for approximately 260ha for
The IESC recognise that the application of impact assessment methodology and various standards for
characterising the significance of biodiversity values for large scale linear projects requires some
modification from that which would be applied for projects that have limited geographical extent.
The consideration of area of influence and the temporal extent of likely impacts is significant in
assessment of biodiversity issues for the TANAP project and the extent to which the Project can
achieve its stated objectives for protection of biodiversity.
The TANAP Project has developed extensive documentation for baseline studies, impact assessment
and biodiversity management and monitoring. The extent of documentation reflects the diversity of
ecological regions and habitat types and the need for biodiversity management measures to be fit for
purpose. The Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) has been developed and was being implemented at the
time of the IESC site visit and the effectiveness of these measures was observed at a sample of work
sites, including those where critical habitat had been identified.
The biodiversity assessments and studies have been completed in consideration of the IFC 2012
Performance Standards and with specific reference to Performance Standard 6: Biodiversity
Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resource Management of Living Natural Resources. In addition,
key international guidelines and standards referenced in the ESIA relevant to biodiversity
management include:
• International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red Book (RDB) for protected species;
• Action Plan for the conservation of marine vegetation in the Mediterranean Sea (1999);
• Strategic Action Programme for the conservation of Biological Diversity (SAPO BIO) on the
Mediterranean Region (2003);
• The Action Plan for the conservation of Mediterranean Marine Turtles (UNEP-MAP);
Baseline Studies:
Baseline studies for the initial ESIA report were completed between February 2013 and March 2014.
The individual component studies did not extend throughout this period but were scheduled, for
various lengths of time, within this period. The studies were completed by Çinar Engineering who sub
contracted a range of specialist experts from various national academic and research institutions. The
baseline studies included desktop studies, aimed at collection and analysis of existing relevant
bibliographic data for all the valued environmental components (VEC’s), as identified through ESIA
scoping, and included field studies aimed at collection of field data for selected VECs, filling
knowledge gaps and verification of the desktop study results. Field surveys for the ESIA were
completed by Çinar using a defined survey methodology developed by Golder Associates who were
engaged by TANAP to assist in guiding the ESIA compliance with international standards including IFC
and EBRD requirements. A review of the baseline methodology found that the component field
studies had been undertaken using representative sampling that appears to be representative of the
project AoI. These field studies were undertaken selectively within the 500m wide Local Study Area
(LSA) for the ESIA followed by a more focussed field surveys within the 36-70m wide Right of Way
(RoW) to support the Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP). The IESC notes that the initial ESIA flora studies
were limited in duration to only one flowering season and that the flowering season in eastern and
western Turkey varies considerably. These deficiencies were somewhat addressed through the
further BAP studies undertaken between August and October 2014 that was focussed on identification
or priority species within the Pipeline Right of Way ROW (which ranges from 36 to 70 m in width).
A Baseline LSA was defined based on the likely AoI in which direct or indirect impacts to VECs could
occur. The LSA considers a 500m wide route corridor for the onshore pipeline and 100m wide for the
offshore component. A Regional Study Area (RSA) was also defined through the ESIA to allow impact
significance assessments, including identification of priority biodiversity features and critical habitat.
The RSA included terrestrial flora and fauna and habitats through Eco-regional data, and protected
areas within 5km of the TANAP route. There were 20 RSA provinces covered through the baseline
study that capture a vast array of ecoregions across the extent of Turkey. The RSA and LSA were
mainly assessed through desktop study while the AoI was assessed through field study.
The scale and linear nature of the Project presented some significant issues in collection of sufficient
baseline data required to undertake a comprehensive habitat assessment. The ESIA mapped the
EUNIS habitat types along the full pipeline route and identified 30 different Level 3 habitat types
along the route. The IESC notes that the ESIA did not establish a discrete management unit (DMU),
which is essential for the quantitative evaluation of the proportion of the global population occurring
within it. The ESIA concedes that the baseline data gathering was insufficient to delineate habitats
distribution around the LSA and the absence of population data from the baseline studies resulted in
the LSA being used as the spatial unit of analysis and critical habitat being only identified and mapped
at the LSA scale (500m from the Project footprint). The ESIA does recognise this deficiency and
• Confirmed critical habitat – where species under Criteria 1 to 3 were observed and therefore
the entire patch of EUNIS Level 3 Habitat relevant to that species within the LSA was
determined to be critical habitat.
• Potential Critical habitat – where species under Criteria 1 to 3 were identified to be potentially
present and /or the habitats might contain unique evolutionary processes and/or high
biodiversity values (Criteria 4 and 5).
• Marine Fauna Baseline Report - containing data gathered from field observations, materials
collected, literature screening and personal interviews for a 2km wide buffer zone within the
local study area along the section of pipeline through the Sea of Marmara;
• Marine Flora Baseline Report – including data gathered form field observations, collected
materials and literature reviews for the local study area associated with the subsea pipeline
corridor;
• Marine Biodiversity Baseline Report – includes the findings and analysis obtained from the
marine flora and fauna reports along with literature review to characterise the biodiversity of
the local and regional study areas;
• Marine Habitats and Ecosystems Baseline Report – focussed on a 500m wide subsea pipeline
corridor route for the local study area and a 100m wide regional study area to identify habitat
types and assess the potential for critical and priority habitats;
• Terrestrial Fauna Baseline Report – includes both desktop and field studies (May and July
2013) with field studies prioritised to confirm presence and distribution of fauna within
natural and critical habitat areas of the LSA and to identify priority species and habitats.
• Terrestrial Flora Baseline Report - Terrestrial flora field data was collected in May to July of
2013, being only one flowering season, to confirm the presence and distribution of terrestrial
flora species particularly within Natural and Critical habitat areas of the LSA (500 m corridor),
and determine the presence of endemic, restricted-range, critically endangered and
endangered flora species in the LSA.
• Terrestrial Protected Areas Baseline Report - identified protected areas present in the LSA
(500m corridor) and Regional Survey Area (RSA) (within 5km of the LSA) and identify where
impacts may be predicted.
• Terrestrial Habitats and Ecosystems Baseline Report – included ground truthing of European
Nature Information System (EUNIS) level 3 habitat classification map and acquire data
regarding the status if habitats of conservation importance.
• Freshwater Fauna Baseline Report – included desktop and field studies, June-July 2013 and
September-November 2013) at 200 sampling stations to confirm the presence of fish species
within rivers subject to pipeline crossings and determine presence of endemic, restricted
range, critically endangered and endangered fish species for habitat assessments.
• Freshwater Flora Baseline Report – included desktop and field surveys conducted during key
flowering periods (May to June for the western sectors and July to August for the eastern
Turkey section), to determine distribution and presence of flora species in the LSA and to
determine priority species and allow the assessment of critical habitats.
• Freshwater Habitats and Ecosystems Baseline Report - was completed for freshwater habitats
within the LSA to confirm the distribution of habitats defined at a desktop level using the
EUNIS standardised habitat system, and also to acquire recent data regarding conservation
status and significance using National and international data and criteria.
• Ecosystem Assessment of TANAP corridor through Posof Wildlife Development Area – was
undertaken by a multi-disciplinary team of National scientific specialists in July 2013 to
undertake an ecological assessment of a range of protected areas within the WDA that are
likely to be affected by the TANAP LSA.
The baseline studies undertaken for the ESIA were sufficient to allow the scoping of critical habitat
(PR6 paragraph 6) but are not sufficiently detailed to allow for a critical habitat assessment in
accordance with PR6 paragraphs 7-9.
The European Nature Information System (EUNIS) habitat criteria appeared to provide a useful tool
for desktop studies and impact assessment of biodiversity values within the study areas (RSA, LOA
and AoI).
Community engagement undertaken for the ESIA included a range of surveys that include questions
regarding the presence of conservation significant species within the Project AoI and request for
information regarding community use of natural ecosystems including hunting, collection, bee
keeping and livestock grazing. This social data was used to supplement biodiversity baseline where
relevant.
BAP ecological field surveys focused on potential impacts within and along and immediately adjacent
to the ROW (36-70m) and used the ESIA as a macro perspective of the ROW surroundings.
The BAP objective is to protect and conserve the biodiversity within the 36m ROW during the
construction, operation and decommissioning phases of the project. The BAP identifies species and
habitats of significance with the aim of developing area specific actions. The BAP objectives include
the identification and management of critical habitat in line with IFC Performance Standard 6 and the
requirements of the Turkish National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan.
The BAP re-evaluated the baseline surveys carried out in the ESIA studies. This re-evaluation
included:
• The findings of the ESIA baseline studies within the 500m LSA were re-assessed for the 36 m
ROW;
• Field studies for considered species and habitats were planned; and
• Intersections between the ROW and protected areas or high biodiversity areas were
reviewed.
The BAP, including the re-evaluation of critical habitat, was undertaken by Çinar by relevant subject
matter national specialists. The Critical Habitat assessment methodology was developed in
consultation with other Project lenders and recognised the lack of identified Discrete Management
Unit and the species level data limitations for the 500m wide corridor.
Impact Assessment
The ESIA baseline data was used to define the sensitivity of the various VEC’s to identify likely
impacts associated with the project and to define the pre- project condition that will be used as a
benchmark to detect changes during monitoring. VECs were assigned sensitivity levels based on a
range of factors including current quality of the component and susceptibility to environmental
changes. Those impact factors most relevant to biodiversity impacts were identified as:
• Site restoration;
• Sediment suspension;
The impact assessment methodology for biodiversity assigned impact factor intensity based on
assumed standard mitigations being applied in accordance with good industry practice, so impact
factors are measured only after mitigation. The impact assessment methodology was based on that
Protection of terrestrial flora species in Turkey is a key issue as Turkey represents the richest flora in
the Palearctic (approximately 9700 species) and a very high rate of endemism (over 30%).
Flora studies included the sampling of 246 stations along the pipeline route. Species of conservation
significance were identified from assessments against the Red Book of Turkish Plants and IUCN 2001.
The studies identified 9 species considered critically endangered, 14 endangered, 35 vulnerable and
14 are near threatened. Moreover, 221 taxa were found to endemic and 62 of these are considered
restricted range. Of the 86 Species of Conservation Concern (SCC), 62 were found along the pipeline
ROW during field studies and one species was identified as new to science, bringing the total number
of SCC to 87.
The terrestrial fauna surveys identified five mammal SCC as a result of desktop and field studies
including 3 vulnerable and one near threatened. Bird studies identified 11 SCC including one critically
endangered, 4 endangered, 2 vulnerable and one near threatened species. There were 3 reptile SCC
identified including one critically engaged, on endangered and one near threatened. One vulnerable
amphibian species was identified. A total of 34 Arthropod species were identified as SCC including one
critically endangered, 7 endangered, 2 vulnerable and one near threatened.
The BAP includes a discussion of EUNIS habitat types encountered along the TANAP route including
30 different terrestrial habitat types classified as Level III and 6 level III freshwater habitats. Habitat
types classified as significant under the Turkish ‘National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan” were
also identified as priority habitats including steppe, coastal sand-dunes and mountainous forest
ecosystems.
Freshwater biological studies found no flora taxa that triggered SCC. The fish species were identified
from 189 river crossing sites sampled over two field campaigns in different seasons. These studies
identified 13 SCC fish species, 11 of which are highly endemic and two critically endangered. One
species of endangered aquatic invertebrate was identified as being potentially occurring at project
river crossings.
Protection status and endemism (for some species) have been determined by checking against BERN,
IUCN, CITES, Bird Directive, Habitat Directive, CHCD and RDBT. Protected and conservation areas in
the 10-km buffer around the Project have been determined.
Threatened flora and fauna species within the 500m corridor have been assessed. Freshwater critical
habitats (FCH) have been determined according to EUNIS Code with classification of confirmed versus
potential critical habitat.
• Information about the current status of the critical habitats (i.e. at the species, ecosystem
and landscape scales) was collected;
• The relationship between critical habitat with relevant conservation significant species was
identified;
• Intersects of the ROW with protected areas or high biodiversity areas were reviewed;
• Species and habitats were evaluated and prioritised as “low, medium and high” significance
scale in consideration of a range of factors including conservation status, distribution,
endemism, species/habitats and local conditions.
For critical habitat triggering flora species identified in the ESIA Studies, those that occurred within
the 36 m ROW were identified and included in the critical species list; those that were not observed in
the ROW were removed. For terrestrial fauna species identified as potentially critical habitat triggers
in the ESIA, the re-evaluation considered the potential for those species to use the 36m wide ROW
for reproduction, feeding, nesting or other habitat use was assessed on the basis of field investigation
and where no habitat use was identified then those species were removed from the critical species
list.
This process represents some limitations to the critical habitat determination as it is focussed on the
TANAP impact on species that trigger critical habitat rather than the critical habitat itself. PS6 GN 64
requires that critical habitat should be determined based on the biodiversity attributes particular to
the habitat in question and the ecological processes required to maintain them. It is recognised that
TANAP has applied the critical habitat assessment methodology using the available collected data
from the RoW, and more broadly in certain areas. However, TANAP’s critical habitat assessment was
limited due to the lack of regional species population and habitat data over the whole corridor.
TANAP has considered the broad scale EUNIS habitat scale data in determining critical habitat and
has also consulted with Project stakeholders in the critical habitat assessment methodology.
Where seasonal or other limitations to field investigations meant that the presence or of species or
habitat could not be assessed within the ROW then the BAP applied the precautionary principle and
included these in the critical habitat assessment and made recommendations for further field studies
to verify the assessment. TANAP does require construction contractors to undertake pre-construction
biological surveys of the RoW and uses this data to further verify the assessments.
The BAP provides a tabular summary of the critical habitat assessment outcomes including the criteria
triggers, the outcomes of the quantitative assessment to determine the appropriate tier for Criteria 1-
3 and area of critical habitat within the ROW. However, the BAP does provide limited information on
how the species data has been screened against the quantitative thresholds as described in the GN6
paragraph 69. As described above, there is no discussion or detail of the discrete management units
The TANAP BAP includes a revision of the Critical Habitat determination made in the ESIA. The ESIA
assessment of critical habitat was limited to habitats within the LSA due to the limited area of
investigation and the lack of population data, as discussed above. This initial critical habitat
assessment identified that 10.8 % of the TANAP terrestrial LSA was confirmed as triggering critical
habitat and 81% of the LSA being identified as potential critical habitat. For rivers crossed through
the LSA, 41 rivers were confirmed as critical habitat and all the remaining rivers (1170 crossings)
were assessed as being potentially critical habitat. The ESIA identified further studies requiring to be
completed to further define critical habitat and these additional studies were completed during the
BAP surveys completed from August to October of 2014.
The re-assessment of critical habitat in the BAP identified 67 terrestrial and 27 freshwater critical
habitats. The terrestrial critical habitats cover only 0.39% of the 500m LSA corridor assessed in the
ESIA and 5.6% of the ROW (36m). This represents a significant decrease in terrestrial critical habitat
affected by the Project from that identified in the initial ESIA studies following the BAP re-assessment.
However, this reassessment of critical habitat area is based on the presence or absence of critical
habitat triggering species or values within the project’s direct impact area and removes critical habitat
areas where the triggering species or values were found to be undisturbed by direct impacts of the
ROW.
The IESC finds that the TANAP critical habitat assessment is not in full compliance with the IFC PS6
GN and is therefore in partial compliance with the requirements of PR6 to ensure net biodiversity gain
of critical habitat and no net loss of priority biodiversity features.
The BAP states that the impact assessment undertaken in the ESIA confirms a low degree of impact
expected on natural and critical habitat; states that significant permanent and long-term impacts are
not expected, and the defined mitigation measures are sufficient for the recovery of habitats. The
BAP also refers to the ESIA in confirming no long term or permanent significant impact to Species of
Conservation Concern. However, the BAP does recognise the threat of permanent impacts on SCCs
from alien invasive species, including the pathways for introduction of weed species, within the
pipeline ROW and reiterates the importance of the Alien Invasive Species Guidance Document.
Furthermore, the TANAP’s “Erosion, Reinstatement, and Landscaping Plan” and the “Specification for
Reinstatement” includes the range of actions for reinstatement and bio restoration of the project sites
to achieve pre-development biodiversity criteria. The performance of the bio restoration efforts in
achieving the stated biodiversity objectives is proposed to be monitored and reported through the
“Bio-Restoration Monitoring Plan (October, 2016).
The IESC review of the ESIA and BAP has found the impact assessment does recognises the potential
direct impacts to species of conservation concern including those that trigger critical habitat. For
example, high impacts are identified for two areas within the Ardahan and Kutahaya provinces for a
total of 4.8 hectares where SCC species are potentially present within the Project AoI. The mitigation
recommended in the ESIA for identified high impact includes measures to translocate individuals,
which is stated to be a “high risk option”. The mitigation measures also include seed collection from
SCC species for use in conservation projects and additional conservation measured where critically
Section 3.2.1 of the most recent version of the BAP does include discussion on the application of the
mitigation hierarchy for critical habitats. The BAP describes how mitigation measures are applied for
each critical habitat that occurs along the Project and identifies where additional conservation actions
are required to ensure no net loss of priority species. Annex 9 of the BAP includes a range of
measures designed to ensure a net gain in critical habitat that is impacted by the Project. The net
gain measures include:
However, these net gain actions are not described in a way that demonstrate how a net gain would
be achieved. There is no quantification of the no net loss/ net gain objectives of the BAP to
demonstrate full compliance with PR6.
Neither the ESIA nor the BAP provide sufficient detail of the project related direct, indirect and
residual impacts on populations; species and ecosystems identified in the baseline studies. There is
insufficient assessment of the project impacts on critical habitat other than the direct impacts within
the ROW. The impact assessment on biodiversity values provides insufficient discussion on why
aspects such as habitat fragmentation, fauna avoidance and impacts from increased third party
access are not considered.
The BAP discussion of impacts to habitat includes reference to two other pipeline routes that passed
through some sections of the areas studied. One of these pipeline route corridors had restoration
work completed some years past and the BAP concluded that “there is no damage” evident after the
restoration has been completed. The other had no restoration work completed and damage to
biodiversity remains evident after long years being passed. This does demonstrate that good practice
remediation measures are an important mitigation necessary for biodiversity management. However,
there is no specific study cited or detailed evidence that supports the assertion that restoration work
on the TANAP ROW will result in net biodiversity gains in critical habitat and no net loss of priority
biodiversity features.
The project has not demonstrated full compliance with PS6 GN15 in its assessment of impacts to
critical habitat and has provided insufficient evidence that bio restoration works on the ROW will be
adequate to achieve the biodiversity outcomes required to demonstrate compliance with PR6.
The IESC has found that TANAP has relied heavily on the assumptions that mitigation of temporary
disturbance through bio-restoration and alien species control will be effective in ensuring no residual
impacts to priority biodiversity values and critical habitat. There is little discussion in the ESIA that
supports the assumption that bio-remediation will ensure no permanent or long-term impacts to
priority biodiversity values and critical habitat. The limitations of bio-reclamation are stated in various
The effectiveness of the mitigation measures, including bio-restoration and alien species controls,
should be discussed in further detail and, where possible, refer to examples where these mitigation
measure have been effective in ensuring no loss of priority biodiversity values or critical habitat.
However, if relevant and geographic specific examples of successful bio-restoration are not available,
then the assumption that there will be no residual impact to priority features and critical habitat
cannot be supported.
In consideration of the limitations found with the TANAP critical habitat assessment and management
approach, and recognising the current status of Project construction. The IESC recommends that
TANAP develop and implement an Offset Management Strategy document that supplements the BAP.
The Offset Management Strategy should include:
• Quantification of the residual impacts to Priority Biodiversity Features and Critical Habitats, as
defined in the BAP;
• Quantifies No Net Loss/ Net Gains based on the successful implementation of the above
actions over a reasonable timeframe
Ecosystem Services
The ESIA assessed ecosystem services were assessed for TANAP in consideration of information
derived from both social and biological studies. Impacts and risks relating to ecosystem services were
measured through a range of component studies including:
The ESIA identified potential TANAP effects on ecosystem services and has considered these within
both environmental and social impact assessment and mitigation measures.
The final TANAP route impacts are assessed in Annex 2 of the BAP (Rev P3-6) which shows 18
protected areas being intersected by the TANAP RoW. The ESIA baseline studies included detailed
assessment of the protected areas (Chapter 7.3.1.7 and Appendices) and a detailed assessment of
TANAP impacts to each protected area is provided in Chapter 8.2.2. The BAP assessment found all
intersections to be of a low impact level. The disturbance of protected areas from the TANAP RoW is
generally under 1% of the protected land area except for Bataklikduzi, Corakik Lake and Tuzlu lake
wetlands where the RoW disturbance area represents 1.26 %, 2% and 2.96 % of the protected area
respectively. Specific plans have been developed for each impacted protected area in consultation
with the relevant authorities that demonstrate compliance with Article 6 of the EU Habitats Directive.
The observation of the critical habitat area (Erzurum Wetland) of ROW from the site visit confirms the
IESC’s concerns regarding the reliance on successful bio-restoration to ensure no long term or
permanent impacts to critical habitat. If topsoil management measures prescribed in the site-specific
restoration plans are not being followed, then it would suggest that alternative mitigation measures
or offset measures may be required.
The site visit to the pipeline construction sites noted the lack of implementation of specific measures
to minimise impacts top biodiversity including:
• Disturbance outside of the ROW corridor from vehicle and equipment movements;
• Presence of open trenches for extended periods without measures to prevent animal being
trapped in the excavation or means for trapped animals to egress;
• Lack of covers on open pipelines to prevent animals being accidently trapped during the
construction phase.
PR
Performance Requirement Score Comments/ Issues Actions Required
Ref.
6.7 Assessment of Biodiversity and Living PC The BAP reassessment of critical habitat area is based on the The IESC recommends that TANAP quantify
Natural Resources, Baseline Studies presence or absence of critical habitat triggering species or the critical habitat/ priority biodiversity
values within the project’s direct impact area and removes Features to be impacted directly/indirectly by
Assessment process will characterise the critical habitat areas where the triggering species or values were the Project.
baseline conditions to a degree that is found to be undisturbed by direct impacts of the ROW. This
proportional and specific to the anticipated method is inconsistent with PS6 GN64. The results of the quantification of critical
risk and significance of impacts. habitat/ Priority Biodiversity Features should
The baseline assessment will consider: The IESC finds that the TANAP critical habitat assessment is not inform a Biodiversity Offset Strategy.
• loss of habitat, in full compliance with the IFC PS6 GN and is therefore unable
• degradation and fragmentation, to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of PR6 to
• invasive alien species, ensure net biodiversity gain of critical habitat and no net loss of
• overexploitation, priority biodiversity features.
• migratory corridors,
• hydrological changes,
• nutrient loading
• pollution,
• impacts relevant to climate
change and adaptation.
6.8 Identification of project related PC Impact assessment methodology is applied in accordance with As per 6.7 above
opportunities, risks and impacts on accepted standards and is effective in identification of mitigation
biodiversity. Characterise impacts based on requirements.
likelihood, significance and severity and The ESIA baseline data was used to define the sensitivity of the
reflect concerns of communities and other various VEC’s to identify likely impacts associated with the
stakeholders. project and to define the pre- project condition that will be used
Consideration of direct, indirect and as a benchmark to detect changes during monitoring. VECs
cumulative impacts were assigned sensitivity levels based on a range of factors
including current quality of the component and susceptibility to
environmental changes. Those impact factors most relevant to
biodiversity impacts were identified as:
• Reduction in topsoil quality/availability
• Site restoration
Avoidance of cultural heritage (CH) sites has been achieved to date as far as practicable using the
corridor assessment process that included cultural heritage selection criteria.
A CHMP has been developed (TNP-PLN-ENV-GEN-006), which specifies actions required to identify
and mitigate potential impacts to intangible CH, through engagement and liaison by Contractors with
local authorities.
The CHMP further identifies identification of tangible heritage resources and definition of mitigation
measures at pre-construction phase, informed by baseline and survey results. At those sites identified
as unavoidable, engagement with statutory authorities was reported, as required in the CHMP. Of 161
sites identified during surveys, 55 were already registered with authorities, while 106 newly
discovered sites were revisited with the Ministry, and as a result, 20% of these sites were registered
as Protection Sites by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
Day to day management is the responsibility of the site-based Cultural Heritage Officer, formerly an
EPCM role now under TANAP (see also comments in PR1 on organisational implementation of ESMS).
Monitoring is required by the contractors’ archaeologist during ground disturbance, under a SOW that
complies with requirements of a Protocol between TANAP and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. A
chance find process is in place (defined in Annex A of TNP-PCD-ENV-GEN-006, and replicated by each
of the CCs) to address avoidance of significant finds during construction and land preparation. Further
studies have been carried out on those sites that were unavoidable during routing studies, followed
by either permission to proceed by local authority, or, preferentially, to implement a route change.
Eleven sites were identified as unavoidable at pre-construction phase, of which five route changes
were implemented during construction. A contracted third party, operating under supervision of the
Ministry, carries out all test pits and salvage excavations.
Sites that were inspected by the audit team had completed cultural heritage site management.
Additional evidence (provided in meetings on 12 May 2017) requested by the IESC on chance finds
records, indicated that a total of 49 chance finds have occurred during construction, 46 of which have
been closed out, and actions for 3 remain open. Details of the corrective actions taken regarding
these chance finds have not been sighted by the IESC.
TANAP and CCs stated and provided written evidence strong engagement with regulatory bodies on
cultural heritage, including assessment with museum specialists being undertaken at critical sites to
make a determination on any excavation, salvage or other mitigation requirements. The CC’s
archaeologist SOW includes consultation with the relevant state authorities on behalf of TANAP and
site-based CHOs provide additional support.
Stakeholder engagement with individuals or groups with specialist interests by the Project has been
limited; at the ESIA consultation phase, specialist NGOs were invited but did not participate (ESIA
Appendix 3.2d). Consultation with affected communities is carried out for intangible cultural heritage
and registered tangible cultural heritage elements. However, chance finds are managed differently
due to security reasons (due to the risk of illegal excavations).
TANAP is encouraged to continue to engage with CH specialist stakeholders for the duration of
construction in particular, in line with GIP. Museum specialists are the parties responsible for
informing stakeholders and making determinations on behalf of the Ministry of Culture, while TANAP
follows the expert advice in ensuring implementation requirements are followed by the CC.
PR
Performance Requirement Score Comments/ Issues Actions Required
Ref.
8 Cultural Heritage
8.1 Assessment and Management of FC A total of 161 sites were identified in this process, and mitigation actions
Impacts on Cultural Heritage defined. Eleven sites were identified as unavoidable at preconstruction
phase. A Cultural Heritage Management Plan (CHMP) is in place, owned
by TANAP and requirements of which reflected in construction contractor
MPs. This includes a Chance Find Procedure. The CCs’ Archaeologist, who
liaises with the TANAP Cultural Heritage Officer and the Museum
Directorate, undertakes monitoring of ground clearance work. Third party
monitoring of implementation of the CHMP is also undertaken by CINAR. It
is noted that the former EPCM Chance Find requirements are still in place,
and are expected to be deleted from the TANAP ESMS by 31 January 2017
(see also Section 5.1 on PR1).
During the construction phase to date, five route changes have been
implemented at the eleven unavoidable sites, following engagement and
mitigation actions implemented under the direction of the with the
relevant authorities (Museum Directorate of the Ministry of Culture and
Tourism).
8.2 Consultation with affected FC Ongoing and close engagement has been undertaken with the Museum
communities and other stakeholders Directorate of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, as the responsible
agency for advice and direction on archaeological finds and appears to
have been effective in managing and mitigating potential impacts to
tangible heritage in line with the mitigation hierarchy approach. However,
consultation with affected communities and other stakeholders has been
largely limited. Invitations to specialist interest groups at the ESIA
consultation phase has been recorded. IESC notes that consultation with
affected communities is carried out for intangible cultural heritage and
registered tangible cultural heritage elements. However, the chance finds
are managed differently due to security reasons (the risk of illegal
excavations).
8.3 Project use of Cultural Heritage FC Not applicable
The SEP (Aug 2013) was prepared to meet international standards and was finalised reflecting public
participation and disclosure requirements. The SEP is aligned with an online Stakeholder Information
System for tracking ongoing engagement and issues of stakeholder interest.
Engagement activities during ESIA development and disclosure in line with GIP (including village-level
meetings, gender-segregated meetings/focus groups) and included stakeholder analysis of engaged
organisations (e.g. ERM-REP-ENV-GEN-003 Rev.P2-0, 17 January 2014). Engagement was
appropriate to the nature and the scale of the Project, at the pre-construction phase covering:
• 7 province and 56 District PPMs with the participation of local governors, local NGOs, media
and community representatives;
Ongoing stakeholder engagement is undertaken by CCs with support of TANAP social specialists. The
last Lots/areas for construction phase engagement are Lot 4 and AGIs. A new SEP was developed
(2016 TNP-PLN-SOC-GEN-001-Rev3-2, 30/01/2017)), which provides for updated roles and
responsibilities.
Social induction training is provided to all workers thereby supporting culturally appropriate
behaviours by all workers on the Project, in line with GIP.
A total of 790 complaints have been received from 1/1/14 to 17/11/16 with 85% closed over an
average of 15d response time (30d is the time limit in the procedure for closure of complaints). The
most common grievances since project commencement relate to Damage to property/land; Land
acquisition and compensation process; damage to irrigation infrastructure; damage to roads; and
outstanding subcontractor payments (as per: Complaints issues – Top 20, 17.Nov. 2016). One quarter
of complaints related to damage to land.
An Appeals Committee has been established to provide third party review of unresolved grievances
between TANAP and the Complainant. Documentation on this committee has been developed and is
to be provided to the IESC.
Legal redress is possible regardless of establishment of the Appeals Committee with complainants
able to take matters to court independently. This has not occurred in the Project to date; a third-
party valuation had been sought to resolve land valuation, and a policy of resolution by mutual
agreement is in place by the project.
The current SEP specifies periodic review of the document in line with PR 10 requirements for
ongoing provision of information to stakeholders appropriate to the nature of the Project and its
adverse impacts. Material changes to the project included the revised approach to land acquisition
and resettlement, as documented in the AGIs and Pipeline RAPs. PR 10 requires at least annual
reporting to stakeholders for Category A projects; commitment on this aspect is included in the SEP.
The modality of disclosure of Project documents was described by TANAP. For RAP documentation,
the disclosure process was addressed adequately through provision of written summary information
in the local language, available to public disclosure meetings, which subsequently informed the final
RAPs prior to their disclosure. Additional engagement planning and disclosure material is required of
TANAP on the next phase of RAP activity (i.e. in identifying and appropriately compensating new
PAPs) and in the development and disclosure of the BAP
PR
Performance Requirement Score Comments/ Issues Actions Required
Ref.
10.1 Stakeholder Engagement Plan FC A SEP was published (18 August 2013) on the TANAP website in
Turkish and English, specifying objectives, legal context and project
standards, previous engagement, stakeholder identification and the
SE program. Roles and responsibilities, Grievance management
processes and monitoring, evaluation and reporting were all included,
in line with GIP and appropriate to the nature, scale and risks posed
by the Project. The SEP specified engagement approaches with
different stakeholder groups (e.g. community leaders, vulnerable
groups).
“Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the
Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan Concerning the Development of a Standalone Pipeline for
the Transportation of The Natural Gas Originating and Transiting from the Republic of Azerbaijan
across the Territory of the Republic of Turkey”, was signed on 24 December 2011 in Ankara, which
was approved by Law no 6342 dated 29 June 2012 and was published in the Official Gazette on 12
July 2012. Following approval by Council of Ministers, the Agreement was published in the Official
Gazette on 11 October 2012 and entered into force. Within the framework of this Memorandum of
Understanding, Trans Anatolian Gas Pipeline Company B.V was established.”
“The Host Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of the
Republic of Azerbaijan Concerning the Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline System", and its
attachment, "The Host Government Agreement (HGA) between the Government of the Republic of
Turkey and The Trans Anatolian Gas Pipeline Company B.V. Concerning Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas
Pipeline System", were signed on 26 June 2012 in Istanbul. These Agreements were approved by Law
no 6375 dated 02 January 2013, which was published in the Official Gazette on 17 January 2013.
Following approval by Council of Ministers, the Agreements were published in the Official Gazette on
19 March 2013 and entered into force.”
The Host Government Agreement requires Project Environmental and Social Standards complying
with National Laws and also taking due account of international standards and practices generally
prevailing in the Natural Gas pipeline industry, including relevant Performance Standards of the
International Finance Corporation.
The basic principles of EIA process applied in Turkey are defined by the Regulation on Environmental
Impact Assessment. As per the Turkish Regulation on EIA, whether a project requires an EIA study or
not is determined in relation to the scope and capacity of the project. The TANAP Project was
determined to require an EIA under Turkish legislation and was implemented following this regulation
appropriately. Legal approval through the MoEU for the ESIA Report of the Project was received on
24 July 2014.
The IESC team observes that the Project appears to be operated in full compliance with Turkish
legislation based upon the site visit and a review of provided documentation.
• EU EIA Directive - 85/337/EEC Council Directive on the assessment of the effects of certain
public and private projects on the environment (EIA Directive). The EIA Directive of 1985
has been amended three times, in 1997, in 2003 and in 2009 and is now codified by Directive
2011/92/EU of 13 December 2011.
• 92/43/EEC Council Directive on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and
flora (the Habitats Directive).
7.1 EU DIRECTIVES
Chapter 4 of the ESIA lists a raft of EU legislation as having been considered and applied during
Project scoping and ESIA development.
The Project Standards are captured within TANAPs and the CCs respective ESMS and ESMPs and
compliance against them regularly monitored and assessed. Evidence of this was reviewed and
agreed to be of a satisfactory nature by the IESC team.
• Findings are based on a sample of the publicly available ESIA documentation for the
associated facilities. Whilst the IC has made all efforts to establish compliance, it is
recommended that further detailed assessment, specifically on-site verification, be conducted.
• Due to the limited scope of the high-level review, the findings produced are necessarily
general. The IC has not provided a definitive opinion on compliance, rather findings are
written as observations with the intent that further detailed review be undertaken to establish
compliance.
• The TAP ESIAs (Greece, Albania, and Italy) were all conducted by ERM, utilising a common
methodology and approach. The findings of the high-level review for the TAP ESIAs are
therefore highly consistent with each other with respect to compliance and gaps.
• Sustainability is contracted to conduct bi-annual ESDD review and monitoring of the SD2
Project, and therefore is able to present a high-level review of this associated facility with a
far greater level of detail and confidence than the other facilities assessed. Findings for SD2
are taken directly from the most recent ESDD conducted in July 2016.
The scope of the review includes the assessment of each project’s ESIA report, namely:
Findings are derived from a review of the following chapters of each ESIA report:
• Table of Contents;
• Methodology.
The review found all the associated infrastructure ESIA reports to be completed in general alignment with the
requirements of the EBRD. The findings of the high-level desktop review of the associated facilities is provided
below.
TAP
Performance TAP
SCPx SD2 TAP Albania Greec
Requirement Italy
e
PR 1. Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Impacts and Issues
Environmental and An ESIA and ESMS have been prepared The environmental and social impacts High level review indicates that all See See
Social Assessment, for the SCPx by a third party. ESIA have been assessed through a systematic major components of an international TAP TAP
Environmental and appears comprehensive, having been process applied for all Project standard ESIA are present. ESIA was Albania Albania
Social Management produced in line with the requirements components as identified through the conducted by relevant local and
Systems, of the SCP Host Government Agreement ESIA scoping and through engagement international third parties, in
Environmental and (aligned with International Standards). with key Government stakeholders in consultation with local authorities and
Social Policy10, Several activities in the ESIA were Azerbaijan. appropriate engagement with
Environmental and deemed yet to be finalised, including: stakeholders.
Social Management Waste Disposal; sourcing of aggregates This is the latest assessment for the SD
Plan, Organisational and other construction materials; river Project that was initially subject to ESIA The ESMS framework is clearly
Capacity and crossing methodologies; temporary for Stage 1 in 2002. Baseline presented in the ESIA, as is the
Commitment, Supply access roads to the ROW. Documentary environmental and social data are framework for each ESMP (the
Chain Management, evidence as to progress / resolution of comprehensive, being developed from proposed contents for each ESMP is
Project Monitoring and these issues is required. There is a monitoring programmes refined over a summarised in Section 9).
Reporting11 comprehensive Guide to Land 10-year period. The impact assessment
Acquisition and Compensation that is methodology is sound and consistent with HSE policy framework is summarised,
stated to form the basis for the Land GIP. including basic objectives and content.
Acquisition and Compensation Physical policy is not provided in the
Framework. The IC notes that the Project has various ESIA.
management plans (MPs) in place for its
The emphasis of the ESIA is on the existing SD operations, and that these Process for identification of risks and
construction and less so on the plans include measurable targets and impacts appears robust, and
operational and decommissioning phase. indicators and assign clear roles and consistent with the principle of GIP.
responsibilities for time-bound Environmental and social baseline
An overarching Environmental and Social implementation. The social impact appears sufficient in all areas. The
10 Where the project represents a substantial extension to the client activities, confirm that Policy and supporting management systems and plans are appropriate for the new
activities.
11 At appraisal stage, there will be limited information. Compliance assessment should address specific plans for monitoring and reporting (against for example ESAP
requirements) and also consider whether there is evidence of weak monitoring/reporting by client on other relevant projects - which may reduce confidence in future
performance.
12Will not be applicable to many projects at appraisal stage. However, evidence, within the last 3 years of client approach to retrenchment which is not compatible with the
Policy should be taken into consideration.
13Particular attention should be given to client demonstration of consideration of alternatives. Projects expected annually to produce more than 25,000 tonnes of Co2
equivalent should provide an emission inventory and plans for annual reporting.
Compliance
General IFC EHS Guidelines Requirements
Category
Environmental Protection
1. Air Emissions and Ambient Air Quality
Ambient Air Quality
1.1. Emissions do not result in pollutant concentrations that reach or exceed relevant
Demonstrates
ambient quality guidelines and standards by applying national legislated standards, or in
Compliance
their absence, the current WHO Air Quality Guidelines.
1.2. Projects with significant sources of air emissions, and potential for significant impacts to
ambient air quality, should prevent or minimize impacts by ensuring that: emissions do not
Demonstrates
contribute a significant portion to the attainment of relevant ambient air quality guidelines or
Compliance
standards. As a general rule, this Guideline suggests 25 percent of the applicable air quality
standards to allow additional, future sustainable development in the same airshed.
1.3. At facility level, impacts should be estimated through qualitative or quantitative
assessments by the use of baseline air quality assessments and atmospheric dispersion
models to assess potential ground level concentrations. Local atmospheric, climatic, and air Demonstrates
quality data should be applied when modeling dispersion, protection against atmospheric Compliance
downwash, wakes, or eddy effects of the source, nearby structures, and terrain features.
The dispersion model applied should be internationally recognised, or comparable.
1.4. Facilities or projects located within poor quality airsheds, and within or next to areas
established as ecologically sensitive (e.g. national parks), should ensure that any increase in
pollution levels is as small as feasible, and amounts to a fraction of the applicable short-term
and annual average air quality guidelines or standards as established in the project-specific
environmental assessment. Demonstrates
Suitable mitigation measures should also include the relocation of significant sources of Compliance
emissions outside the airshed in question, use of cleaner fuels or technologies, application of
comprehensive pollution control measures, offset activities at installations controlled by the
project sponsor or other facilities within the same airshed, and buy-down of emissions within
the same airshed.
Point Sources
1.5. The stack height for all point sources of emissions should be designed according to Compliance
good international industry practice (GIP). Anticipated
1.6. Emissions from small combustion process installations (3 MWth - 50 MWth), operated
more than 500 hours per year, and those with an annual capacity utilisation of more than 30
Not Applicable
percent should be in compliance with standards, recommended by General EHS guidelines of
IFC.
Fugitive Sources
1.7. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) emissions associated with equipment leaks should
be prevented and controlled by techniques including:
Equipment modifications; Demonstrates
Implementation a leak detection and repair (LDAR) program that controls fugitive Compliance
emissions by regularly monitoring to detect leaks, and implementing repairs within a
predefined time period;
2.4. Special measures for heating load reduction should be used including the following: Compliance
Ensure adequate insulation to reduce heat losses through furnace/oven etc. structure; Anticipated
Recover heat from hot process or exhaust streams to reduce system loads;
In intermittently-heated systems, consider use of low thermal mass insulation to reduce
energy required to heat the system structure to operating temperature;
Control process temperature and other parameters accurately to avoid, for example,
overheating or overdrying;
Examine opportunities to use low weight and/or low thermal mass product carriers, such as
heated shapers, kiln cars etc.;
Review opportunities to schedule work flow to limit the need for process reheating between
stages;
Operate furnaces/ovens at slight positive pressure, and maintain air seals to reduce air in-
leakage into the heated system, thereby reducing the energy required to heat unnecessary
air to system operating temperature;
Robust Scheduled maintenance programs.
2.5. Losses in heat distribution systems should be reduced through the following actions: Compliance
Promptly repair distribution system leaks; Anticipated
Regularly verify correct operation of steam traps in steam systems, and ensure that traps
are not bypassed;
Insulate distribution system vessels, such as hot wells and de-aerators, in steam systems
and thermal fluid or hot water storage tanks;
In steam systems, return condensate to the boiler house for re-use, since condensate is
expensive boiler-quality water and valuable beyond its heat content alone.
2.6. The following efficiency opportunities should be examined for process furnaces or Compliance
ovens, and utility systems, such as boilers and fluid heaters: Anticipated
Regularly monitor CO, oxygen or CO2 content of flue gases to verify that combustion
systems are using the minimum practical excess air volumes;
Consider combustion automation using oxygen-trim controls;
Minimise the number of boilers or heaters used to meet loads;
2.1 Develop strengthened documentation and key actions for Overtime work and fatigue management were raised on several EBRD PR2 (2.1) Resources: In- (a) Engagement program Program rolled out to
agreement with TANAP and EBRD on overtime, to be incorporated separate occasions in the grievance mechanism. There is confusion at house / Contractors shared with EBRD by all workers.
into the ESMS, as follows: a site level as to the TANAP policy on overtime. ILO Core Labour Investment: Sept 2017. Fewer grievances are
(a) Develop and conduct a program of engagement with CC TANAP is working to address overtime issues through a “Working Standards Responsibility: Ongoing engagement as lodged about
workers through appropriate mechanisms (e.g. HR Hours Action Plan”, but it is noted that emphasis is directed to legal per program. overtime/fatigue.
Managers) to clarify overtime policy at the site level and compliance around overtime, and it is not clear what fatigue All documents are
strengthen worker understanding of policy; management measures are in place and how these measures are (b) Labour Audit Reports consistent.
(b) Continue to implement procedures, plans and employment linked with effective overtime management. completed by external Fewer non-
contrcats consistent with working hour policies. TANAP to Further, contractors are financially incentivised for being on provider (Practical conformances by
share labour audit reports from external provider (Practical time/advance of deadlines, which may contribute to the issue of Solutions) during contractors
Solutions) with EBRD. overtime and fatigue. IESC recognises that the reduction of LTIs is a construction activities to
focus area for TANAP. be shared with EBRD.
2.2 Fatigue Management: EBRD PR2 Resources: In- Fatigue Management Plan developed and
(a) Develop a Fatigue Management Plan for TANAP and house / Consultant Plan to be developed by agreed
implement this across the project; Investment: TANAP prior to EBRD
(b) Agree the Plan and its timeframe for implementation with Responsibility: Board meeting Plan implemented as
the EBRD; agreed
(c) Implement the Plan as agreed.
2.3 Termination and retrenchment provisions: Interviews with short term labour suggests that not all CCs are EBRD PR2 (2.5) Resources: In- September 2017 for Engagement conducted
(a) Share with EBRD the Retrenchment Plans of each of the making clear what the working conditions (including house Retrenchment Plans and documented.
CCs; retrenchment/termination) are. TANAP requires provision of a ILO Core Labour Investment: Quarterly Monitoring Form amended.
(b) Share the first two quarterly monitoring reports of the document of resignation or notice of termination, in practice notice Standards Responsibility: Reports as these are
Retrenchment Plans, undertaken by TANAP of the CCs. periods for dismissal may be occurring inconsistently, particularly in available, by latest
relation to casual / short-term work. It is noted that the CCs are December 2017
required to prepare Retrenchment Plans.
PR3 Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Control
3.1 Provide annual reporting of GHG emissions to the EBRD in line with The EBRD requires that operations that produce more than 25,000 EBRD PR3 (3.4) Resources: In- 1st Quarter 2018 & Annual reporting
their accepted methodology. tonnes CO2-equivalent annually, (which TANAP does), quantify and house / Consultant annually thereafter conducted
report these emissions to the EBRD annually, in accordance with the Investment:
1 These numbers refer to the action item, and are not a reference to the relevant section of the Performance Requirements. Reference to Performance Requirements are provided in the column titled Requirement (Legislative, EBRD, PR, Best Practice).
10.2 Provide evidence to EBRD of the modality of public disclosure of ESIA documents were disclosed on the TANAP website, with key EBRD PR10 Resources: In- Prior to EBRD Board Information provided
existing key project ESMPs, including the BAP and RAP documents. documents in English and Turkish. Supplementary reports prepared (10.3) house meeting and issue resolved.
included the RAP for Above-Ground Installations (AGIs) and the RAP Investment: Information provided
for the Pipeline, prepared and disclosed due to material changes in Responsibility: and issue not resolved,
the Project. However, while the IESC recognizes that disclosure has additional actions
been achieved online, the modality of disclosure to communities in a agreed
form and format readily understood by stakeholders is ongoing with
the development of additional resettlement-related documents (i.e.
including the RAP Fund procedure and associated brochure).
The latest version of the BAP has yet to be disclosued and should be
undertaken in line with GIIP.