Topica Past Papers IGCSE Edexcel IOLOGY PAPER 1B, 1BR 2015 - winter 2019 Chapter 1 LIFE PROCESSES Page 1 Chapter 2 THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS Page 8 Chapter 8 BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE Page 29 ‘Chapter 4 FOOD AND DIGESTION Page 49 Chapter 5 BLOOD AND CIRCULATION Page &2 ‘Chapter 6 COORDINATION Page 113 Chapter 7 CHEMICAL COORDINATION Page 131 Chapter 8 HOMEOSTASIS AND EXCRETION Page 143, Chapter 9 REPRODUCTION IN HUMANS Page 156 Chapter 10 PLANTS AND FOOD. aoe ty Chapter 11 TRANSPORT IN PLANTS Page 203, Chapter 12 CHEMICAL COORDINATION IN PLANTS Page 213 Chapter 19 REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS Page 214 Chapter 14 ECOSYSTEMS Page 223 Chapter 18 HUMAN INFLUENCES ON THE ENVIRONMENT Page 263 Chapter 16 CHROMOSOMES, GENES AND DNA’ Page 301 Chapter 17 CELL DIVISION Page 303 Chapter 18 GENES AND INHERITANCE Page 316 Chapter 19 NATURAL SELECTION AND EVOLUTION Page 332 Chapter 20 SELECTIVE BREEDING Page 344 Chapter 21 USING MICROORGANISMS Page 360 Chapter 22 GENETIC MODIFICATION Page 374 ANSWERS Page 381Edexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 1 LIFE PROCESSES 11 asi0.s 2015 Paper 18.21) = LIFE PROCESSES Living organisms share some basic characteristics. Draw a straight line from each characteristic to its correct description. The first has been done for you. (4) Characteristic Description sensitivity production of new organisms respiration respond to the surroundings excretion taking in of food reproduction increase in number of cells growth release of energy in cells nutrition removal of metabolic waste 1. ex ad 2015- Winter 2019 1 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 1 LIFE PROCESSES 2 (asi0-s 2015 Paper 18-G2) = LIFE PROCESSES The diagram shows a section through a rat. Some of the rat's organs have been. labelled, liver kidney large intestine a (3) (iv) Name a system that is not shown in the diagram. a We exam 2015- Winter 2019 2 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY 18, 18 CH 1- LIFE PROCESSES (b) The table lists several processes that take place in the organs of a rat. Complete the table by naming the correct organ for each process. 6) Process Organ ultrafiltration ventilation insulin secretion hydrochloric acid secretion bile production We exam 2015- Winter 2019 3 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 1 LIFE PROCESSES 3 - 1sI08 2015 Paper 18.012) = LIFE PROCESSES Eating garlic is thought to reduce the chance of being bitten by insects, such as mosquitoes. Design an investigation to find out if people who have eaten garlic are less likely to attract mosquitoes than people who have not eaten garlic. Your answer should include experimental details and be written in full sentences. (6) We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 4 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 1 LIFE PROCESSES 4 (610s 2016 Paper 1BR.GO) ~ LIFE PROCESSES BLOOD AND CIRCULATION ‘A student carries out an experiment to investigate the factors affecting the rate of diffusion. (2) Inher first experiment ‘she makes three agar jelly cubes, one with sides of 4.0 cm, one with sides of 2.0 cm and one with sides of 1.0 cm ‘she covers each cube in a solution of a coloured dye for three minutes ‘+ she then cuts the cubes to see how far the dye has diffused ‘The diagram shows a cross-section through the largest cube after three minutes. coloured dye (). Describe what is meant by the term diffusion. (ii) Measure the distance that the dye has diffused into the large cube. a distance = mm (ii) Complete the diagram below to show how far the dye will have diffused in the smallest cube after three minutes. ex 2015- Winter 2019 5 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 1 LIFE PROCESSES (b) The student then carries out a second experiment but this time she leaves the cubes in the dye for six minutes. Draw the results you would expect to see when the largest cube is cut open after sixminutes. « (©) Other factors may affect the rate of diffusion of the dye. Explain two factors that the student should keep constant in her investigation. @ (@) Explain how the results of the student's investigation support the idea that large organisms need a circulation system. @ 2015- Winter 2019 6 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 1 LIFE PROCESSES 5 1SI0.¥ 2018-Paper 18-012) = LIFE PROCESSES, FOOD AND DIGESTION Substances move in and out of cells using different processes. {@) Complete the table by giving the process used for each example of substance movement. @) Example of substance movement Process carbon dioxide moving through stomata to a leaf nitrate ions moving into a plant root hair cell against a concentration gradient water moving from a collecting duct of the kidney into blood plasma (b) Explain how the structure of the small intestine is adapted for efficient absorption of substances. @ xara 2015- Winter 2019 7 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS 11+ (10s 2015 Paper 1BR-G12)~ THE VARIETY OF LING ORGANISHS ‘The photograph shows some viruses. (a) Suggest two reasons why most biologists do not classify viruses as living organisms. @) 1 2 (b) Name one example of a virus. M (0) Give one structural difference between a bacterium and a virus. ) ae (DEKE exh 2015- Winter 2019 8 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS 22+ (481072018 Paper 18.014) = THE VARIETY OF LVING ORGAWISHS Bacteria, fungi and viruses have different structures. The table lists some structures. In each box, place a tick (v) ifthe structure is present or a cross (x) ifthe structure is absent. ‘One has been done for you. (3) Group Structure cell wall nucleus chloroplast v We exam 2015- Winter 2019 8 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS 3+ (BI0-S 2018 Paper 18-09) = THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORSANISUS {a) The table shows features found in three groups of living organisms. ‘Complete the table using a tick (¥’) to show that the group of living organisms shows the feature and a cross (x) if the feature is absent. @ Feature Group Cellwall Plasmid Cytoplasm Nucleus bacteria v fungi v protoctists « * {b) Some bacteria, fungi and protoctists are pathogens. (i) Name another type of pathogen. a a We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 10 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS 4+ (10'S 2016 Paper 189-02) + THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISIIS A student uses a microscope to look at some cells from an organ found in a plant. The diagram shows what the student observes through the microscope. One cell has been labelled X. {a) Name the organ that the student observes. (b) What is meant by the term organ? i) (© Drawa labelled diagram of cell X. @) We exam 2015- Winter 2019 v ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS 5 2016-Papr 18-08) ~ THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGAMEUS, BLOOD AND CIRCULATION Listeriosis is an illness caused by eating food containing the bacterium Listeria. (a) The diagram shows the cell wall of one of these bacteria. Other structures found in the bacterium are not shown. Draw and label three other structures that would be found in the bacterium. (b) Many different foods have been found to contain Listeria, [A study was carried out in the USA over a two-year period. The table shows the number of people who became ill with listeriosis after eating different types of food. It also shows ‘the number of people who died as a result of becoming ill with listeriosis. Doetiotwm | Nencieear | neaacs coleslaw 53 milk cheese processed meat 458 98 fresh meat YT 494 96 2015- Winter 2019 12 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS {Plot a bar graph to show the number of people who became ill and the number of people who died from listeriosis after eating the different types of food. 5) (ii) The likelihood of a person dying from listeriosis depends on which food the bacterium came from. Use the information in the table to determine which type of food is most likely to cause a bacterial infection that leads to death. Show your working. 2) type of food (Explain how the immune system protects most people from becoming ill with listeriosis. (5) We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 3 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS 6 - 510) 2016 Paper 18.011) + THE VARIETY CFLIVING CRGANISS Bacteria, fungi and protoctists can cause disease and have features common to all living organisms, Viruses can cause disease but are not classified as living. (a) (Explain why viruses are not classified as living, @) (i) Name a disease caused by a virus. a) (b) Anew group of pathogens called prions was discovered in the 1980s. Prions are simple proteins, All known prion diseases can be fatal because the immune system does not recognise prions as foreign. ‘Suggest two ways in which prions differ from viruses. (2) We exam 2015- Winter 2019 14 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS T= 108 2017 Paver 18-010) = THE VARIETY OF LIVING CRGANISUS The passage describes how different organisms are classified into groups. Complete the passage by writing a suitable word or words in each of the spaces. (10) Plants are multicellular organisms. They have chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis and cell walls made of ‘They store carbohydrate as fr as sucrose. Animals are also multicellular but do not carry out photosynthesis, They are able ‘to move from place to place and ate always described as in food chains. They store carbohydrate as Bacteria are single-celled organisms, They do not have a nucleus. Instead, they contain a circular and smaller dicles of DNA called ‘Most bacteria feed offother living or dead ‘organisms but some bacteria can make their own food by Examples of bacteria include Lactabacilus, used in the production of from milk, and Pheumococeus, that acts as a causing the disease ce " ea) 2015- Winter 2019 15 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS 8- 2018 Paper 18-01) = THE VARIETY OF IVINS ORGANISUS, FOOD AND CISESTION ‘The diagram shows the alimentary canal of a rabbit with some parts labelled. pancreas teeth. small intestine stomach’ —_largeintestine (a) The table lists descriptions of some parts of the alimentary canal Complete the table by giving the correct part from the diagram to match each description. One has been done for you Description Part used to chew food teeth has most villi for absorption. produces hydrochloric acie, stores faeces We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 16 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS (b) Explain how the liver helps digestion in the alimentary canal. (© Rabbits eat grass. The diagram shows the cell wall of a leaf cell from a grass plant, Complete the diagram by drawing and labelling other structures in this leaf cel We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 7 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS (4) Grass cell walls are made of cellulose. Rabbits cannot digest cellulose. Bacteria living in the large intestine of rabbits can digest cellulose into glucose. Rabbits eat their own faeces to obtain this glucose. (i) Give two differences between the structure of bacterial cells and the structure of plant cells. (ii) Describea test to show that rabbit faeces contain glucose. 3) ce " ea) 2015- Winter 2019 18 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS 9 = (S108 2018 Paver 18.08) = THE VARIETY OF LVING ORGANISUS, HUMAN INFLUENCES ON THE ENVIRONUENT ‘One of the largest land mammals ever known is an extinct species of rhino that lived. in Mongolia. ‘The diagram compares the size of the extinct rhino with an existing rhino. shoulder magnification x0.01 existing rhino. extinct rhino (a) Using the scale on the diagram, calculate the shoulder height of the extinct (large) rhino. Give your answer in metres. 2) height of shoulder = eves ex = exam ate om 2015- Winter 2019Edexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS (b) Some people think that the large thino became extinct because of global warming. Suggest how global warming could have made it difficult for the large rhino to maintain a constant body temperature. @) (6) Suggest two factors, other than global warming, that may have caused the large rhino to become extinct. @) We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 20 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS 10 (480-5 2018 Facer 18R-G8) ~ THE VARIETY OF LIVIUS ORGAMSUS, FOOD AND DIGESTION Many people in the UK eat fish and chips. The drawing shows a plate of fish and chips. (a) Describe what happens to fish protein in the stomach, (a) (b) The chips are made from potatoes. Potatoes are the underground carbohydrate storage organs of the potato plant. The diagram shows a cell from potato tissue, as seen through a microscope. Name the parts labelled A, B and C. 3) exam (RAKE 2015- Winter 2019 2 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS (©) Chips are cooked by frying them in lipid (oil). Some of this lipid is left on the surface of the chips after cooking. The diagram shows three different shaped chips from the same potato. Each chip has the same mass. Hf x& Lam in| Jom chip A chip B ‘chip (i) The table shows the surface area, the volume and the surface area to volume ratio for chips A and B, Use the diagram to complete the table for chip C, which is a cube. 6) chip ‘Surface area Surface area to ince ‘volume ratio A 280 8.00 3.50:1 8 340 8.00 425:1 c (i) Eating too much lipid és harmful to health. Explain which shape of chip, &, Bor G, is the most healthy to eat. @) 2015- Winter 2019 22 ‘woww.exam-mate.com18, 18 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING Edexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY ORGANISMS 111 ~ 91082016 Paner 18.04) = THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS, PLANTS AND FOOD A scientist does an experiment using a photosynthetic organism and bacteria, The photosynthetic organism lives in water and has a spiral chloroplast. The bacteria need oxygen to survive. ‘The scientist shines different colours of light on the photosynthetic organism and adds the bacteria to the water. ‘The diagram shows the location of the bacteria during the experiment, water SHES adits i RRR —aaa—r blue light green light red light (a) Use the information from the diagram to suggest two conclusions that can be made about photosynthesis, @) We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 23 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS (b) The scientist concludes that bacteria are living organisms. Explain how the diagram supports this conclusion. @) (c) Name two structures found in bacteria. @) We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 24 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS 112 «40-1 2010 Paper 18.05) = THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGASUS, BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE Pheumoconiosis is a lung disease caused by breathing in coal dust particles. The X-ray shows the lungs of a person with pneumoconiosis. © 8M Publishing Group 2017 Coal dust particles collect in the alveoli and cannot be removed. Cells grow around these coal dust particles, forming tissue that traps the particles. (@) State what is meant by the term tissue. (b) Suggest why pneumoconiosis reduces the ability of a person to exercise. exh’) 2015- Winter 2019 25 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS (©) In the UK, in 2013, breathing in dust particles resulted in diseases that caused 260000 deaths. The graph shows the number of these deaths caused by breathing in dust particles of asbestos, coal and silica. 60 50 40 Number of deaths inthousands 7° 20 10 asbestos coal silica (i) Calculate the number of deaths in the UK, in 2013, caused by breathing in dust particles other than asbestos, coal or silica, number of deaths = (ii) Give two conclusions that can be made from the data in the graph. 2015- Winter 2019 26 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS 19 - 4@104 216 Pape 18.20) ~ THE VAREETY OF LIVING ORGAMSUS, IMG MICROORGANISUS Yeast is a fungus used in the production of beer. (2) (i) Name the part of a yeast cell that is made of chitin, (ii) Name the carbohydrate stored in the cytoplasm of a yeast cell. 1 (b) In beer production, yeast releases carbon dioxide as a waste product. A student uses this apparatus to investigate the effect of temperature on carbon dioxide production in yeast. oil suspension of yeast cells in a solution of glucose warm water __ water ‘The student counts the number of carbon dioxide bubbles released per minute at different temperatures. ‘The table shows the student's results. Number of bubbles | Temperaturein"C seleased per minute 20 3 25 5 3 7 36 6 40 “4 44 20 52 1 ‘. ox ara! 2015- Winter 2019 7 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 2- THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS (Describe how the student could change the temperature of the water during the investigation. a) (i) Describe how the student makes sure that the yeast cells respire anaerobically. a (ii) Give the independent variable in this investigation. (iv) Give three ways in which the student could improve this investigation. 8) We exam 2015- Winter 2019 28 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE 1-4 2015 Paper 18-04) = BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE This warning appears on the side of a cigarette packet. Smoking seriously damages your health and those around you (a) Describe how smoking damages the lungs. (5) () Ifa pregnant woman smokes cigarettes it will increase the risk of her producing a smaller baby. This is because cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide. Suggest how carbon monoxide will increase the risk of producing a smaller baby. (3) 2015- Winter 2019 29 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE 2+ (4810'S 2015 Paper 189-06) = BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE: Doctors use X-rays to produce images of structures ir ide the body, ‘The image shows an X-ray of a normal human thorax. © Stillwaterising (@) Identity the structures labelled A, 8, Cand D. 4) (b) Describe how structures B and D help a person to breathe in. ex 2015- Winter 2019 30 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE (© Some cells lining the bronchioles in the lung produce mucus. Cystic fibrosis is an inherited condition in which these cells produce very sticky mucus which blocks the bronchioles. The allele for producing very sticky mucus, f, is recessive to the allele for producing normal mucus, F. (i) Inthe boxes below give the genotypes of the parents, and all the possible children, for a cross between a heterozygous mother and a heterozygous father. @) Mother Father Parents Children (i) Suggest why people with cystic fibrosis often have lung infections. 2) (ii) Suggest why gas exchange is reduced in someone with cystic fibrosis. (2) We exam 2015- Winter 2019 31 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH - BREATHING AND GAs 3 (61082018 Paper 18-08) = BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE (a) An experiment was carried out to look at the effect of exercise on heart rate. The experimental results were collected from a group of children, both boys and girls The children’s heart rate was measured three times. © atrest ‘* just before exercise (in anticipation of exercise) ‘© immediately after carrying out one minute of exercise Heart rate in beats per minute Just before exercise after exercise Henry n 76 87 Megan 116 120 15 Laura 79 84 96 David 97 99 } “100 Jobn 90 3 | 176 Michael a mA 132 Sarah us 116 | 1% Claire 2 8 vat Rosanna 95 98 13 Rechel 2 87 136 Hattie 7 82 96 Rosie 5 105 10 153 Alex 799 82 90 Katheryn 99 102 152 Rebecca a2 89 156 Siobhan 87 94 170 Mark 2 4 a) “Thomas | 98 16 | am Lougie 80 92 132 Richard 95 "5 141 Average (mean) 89 93 | xa l 2015- Winter 2019 32 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE (Calculate the average (mean) for the student data after exercise. Show your working 2) average (mean) = beats per minute (i) Name the child with an anomalous result in the data for heart rate just before (ii) Suggest why the mean value of heart rate just before exercise is different to the mean value at rest (iv) Name two variables that should be controlled in this experiment. (b) Long distance runners and cyclists usually have a lower than average resting heart rate. Suggest why a low heart rate has developed in these people. 4) We exam 2015- Winter 2019 33 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE (4.> (10.1 2016 Paper 18.012) + BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE: A group of students investigate the effect of exercise on breathing rate. They measure their breathing rate at rest by counting breaths per minute. They then exercise by running on the spot. After exercise they measure their breathing rate by counting breaths per minute. These are their results. At rest 14, 13, and 14 After exercise 27, 25, 26. (2) Display these results in a table. We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 34 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE (b) Explain why breathing rate is higher after exercise. (4) (©) Explain how the students could improve their investigation. (2) xara 2015- Winter 2019 35 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE 5 = (BI0S 2017 Paper 18.0") = BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE ‘The diagram shows part of the human breathing system. (2) (Name the structures labelled &, B, and C. (al) Suggest why the lung structure Is sometimes refetted to as.a tree a ex 2015- Winter 2019 36 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE (b) Describe how ventilation of the lungs occurs when a person breathes in. (c} Smoking cigarettes inside public buildings has been banned in many countries. {) Suggest why governments have banned smoking cigarettes inside public buildings. 3) Ail) Suggest why children ate particularly at risk from breathing in smoke from other people's cigarettes, nN ce " ea) 2015- Winter 2019 37 ‘woww.exam-mate.comBIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS Edexcel IGCSE EXCHANGE 6 = Si0S 2017 Paper 1BRG8) ~ BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE USING MICROORGANISUS Yeast is an organism used in the production of beer. The diagram shows a yeast cell (a) (i) Give the letter of the part made of chitin. 1) i) Give the letter of the part that contains glycogen. (b) Yeast releases carbon dioxide when beer Is made. A student uses this apparatus to measure the rate of carbon dioxide production by yeast. 20 30 40 50 60 ce " ea) 2015- Winter 2019 38 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE {The solution contains yeast calls Name two substances inthe solution @ 1 2 (i) Every three minutes, the student records the postion ofthe drop of ink using the scale. ‘The table shows the student results Time Position of drop in minutes of ink inmm ° ° 3 39 6 53 9 n Calculate the difference between the rate of carbon dioxide production in the As three minutes and the rate in the final three minutes. Show your working @ dliference in rate mm per minute we (D2\ce- oh) 2015 Winter 2079 3 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE (6) The student then investigates the effect of temperature onthe rate of carbon dioxide production by yeast. He measures the volume of carbon diowide produced rather than the distance moved by the drop of ink ‘The graph shows hisesults, 5 4 volume of 3 catbon dioxide incm’ per minute 2 1 ° ° 5 30 45 0 temperature in *C (Give the optimum temperature for the production of catbon dioxide. {il Explain why the rate of carbon dioxide production is slow at low temperatures. @ {il) Suggest how the student could modify the apparatus to vary the temperature. @ (eye XANES) 2015- Winter 2019 40 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE 7 = (BI0y/ 2017 Paper 18.00) = BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE SELECTIVE BREEDING A student carries out an experiment to investigate the effect of different concentrations ofa food dye on diffusion (a) Describe what is meant by the term diffusion. a (b) The student adds a different concentration of coloured food dye to each of five wells inan agar plate. The diagram shows the agar plate at the beginning of the experiment and after 24 hours. well containing food dye \, at beginning after 24 hours The student does the experiment using three plates. For each plate he measures the diameter of each circle to see how far the food dye has diffused ‘The table shows his results, Concentration of, Diameter of circle in cm food dye in well i) plate1 plate2 plate3 average (mean) ol 07 | 06 | 07 07 02 1s | 14 | 14 z 03 ww | 1 | 4 7 oa i9 | 18 | 19 19 os 19 | 20 | 20 20 We exam 2015- Winter 2019 al ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE {Calculate the average diameter for 0.2% concentration of food dye. @ average diameter = cm {i Describe the effect of food dye concentration on diffusion a {ti Explain the relationship between food dye concentration and diffusion. @) {6) State two variables that the student should control in this experiment to ensure that the results are valid. @ 1 2 a exam 2015- Winter 2019 a2 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE 8- 2018-aper 18-011) BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE Human lungs and plant leaves both contain gas exchange surfaces. ‘These gas exchange surfaces have a number of features in common (2) The diagram shows a cross-section through human lung tissue. Explain, with reference to features shown in the diagram, how lung tissue enables efficient gas exchange. (4) (b)_ Explain how the structure of a leaf is adapted for efficient gas exchange. (4) 2015- Winter 2019 8 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE 9 = S10 W/ 2018 Paper 18.08) « BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE: (a) The diagram shows part of the human thorax. (Give the names of structures P,Q and R. 3) Explain the role of structure S when a person breathes out. 3) We exam 2015- Winter 2019 44 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE (b) Asthma isa disease that narrows the airways inthe lungs. ‘A peak fw testis used to diagnose and monitor asthm “The test measures how fast you can blow air out of your lungs “The test involves blowing 2s hard.as you cn into a small device called a peak flow meter Blowing into the peak flow meter moves a slider along the measurement sale. —_ ‘These instructions are provided to help measure peak flow. Step Sitorstand stil Step2_ Set the meter to zero, make sure your fingers are not touching the slider and that the meter is horizontal ‘tep3_ Breathe in as deeply as you can then breathe out as quickly and as hard, ‘35 you can into the peak flow meter Step 4 Record the measurement when you have finished breathing out Step5 Repeat the procedure tree times, (@ Suggest the unit that is used to measure peak flow. (Explain why the instructions in step 2are necessary. xara 2015- Winter 2019 45 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE (id Explain why the instructions in step 5 are necessary. @ (c) Bronchodilators are drugs that reduce the symptoms of asthma. Suggest how bronchodilators might improve the peak flow ofa person with asthma. we (D2\ce- ANWR? 2015- Winter 2019 6 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE 110 «4si0-W 2010 Paper 18.05) = THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANSUS, BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE Pheumoconiosis is a lung disease caused by breathing in coal dust particles. The X-ray shows the lungs of a person with pneumoconiosis. © 8M Publishing Group 2017 Coal dust particles collect in the alveoli and cannot be removed. Cells grow around these coal dust particles, forming tissue that traps the particles. (@) State what is meant by the term tissue. (b) Suggest why pneumoconiosis reduces the ability of a person to exercise. exh’) 2015- Winter 2019 a7 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH3- BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE (©) In the UK, in 2013, breathing in dust particles resulted in diseases that caused 260000 deaths. The graph shows the number of these deaths caused by breathing in dust particles of asbestos, coal and silica. 60 50 40 Number of deaths inthousands 7° 20 10 asbestos coal silica (i) Calculate the number of deaths in the UK, in 2013, caused by breathing in dust particles other than asbestos, coal or silica, number of deaths = (ii) Give two conclusions that can be made from the data in the graph. 2015- Winter 2019 8 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION 11 esos 2015 Paper 18-25) ~ FOOD AND DIGESTION (a) A student is given two samples of carbohydrates. He tests to see if one is glucose and the other one is starch. Describe the two chemical tests he should use to identify each carbohydrate. 4) (b) Different groups of organism store carbohydrate as different molecules. Complete the table to show an example from each group of organisms and the molecule they use to store carbohydrate. 4) = ‘Molecule used to store -— ‘carbohydrate animals cat plants maize fungi ex 2015- Winter 2019 a ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 cHa- FOOD AND DIGESTION 2 (asi0-S 2015 Paper 1BR.G13) = FOOD AND DIGESTION Describe an investigation to find out if adding vitamin D to the diet of young children will help to prevent rickets (a deformation of the legs). Your answer should include experimental details and be written in full sentences. (6) We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 50 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION 3 ~ asi. 2016-Paper 18.03) = FOOD AND DIGESTION A student investigates the effect of temperature on the rate of starch digestion by amylase. He carries out the first trial of his investigation at a room temperature of 20°C. He carries out the following steps in his investigation. 1. He puts one drop of iodine suspension into each of 12 wells on a spotting tile 2. He then takes up 10 cm? of 10% starch suspension into a syringe. 3 He adds one drop of the starch suspension from the syringe to the first well in the spotting tile and records the colour change. 4 He rinses the outside of the syringe with water from a tap. 5. He then takes up exactly 5 cm' of 5% amylase suspension into the same syringe containing the 10% starch suspension. 6 He starts a stopwatch 7 He then rocks the syringe containing the mixture gently backwards and forwards for one minute. 8 He adds one drop of the mixture from the syringe to the next well in the spotting tile and records the colour change. 9 He repeats this at intervals of one minute until he has added starch and. amylase mixture to all of the wells. 10 He then repeats steps 1-9 but this time he uses iodine, amylase and starch suspension that have been stored in a water bath at 40°C. 11 He also keeps the syringe containing the mixture in the water bath at 40°C. between drops. The photograph shows his results for 20°C at the end of the experiment when all the wells have mixture added. first well after one minute See 6a4 O46 @«@ We exam 2015- Winter 2019 31 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH4- FOOD AND DIGESTION (2) () Give one safety precaution the student should take when carrying out this investigation. a (W How many minutes do the samples of mixture added to the spotting tile in the photograph represent? co (b) Explain the purpose of the following steps in the student's experiment. step a (iy step7 @ (iy step 11 a (0) @) Identify two variables that the student controls in his experiment. @ 1 2 (i Name the independent variable that the student is investigating. a exaMryl 2015 Winter 2019 32 voww.examn-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY 18, 18 CH4- FOOD AND DIGESTION (d) Using the photograph, explain how many minutes it took for the reaction to be completed at 20°C. (2) The results for the spotting tile at 40°C would be different from the trial carried out at 20°C. (i) Describe how the appearance of the results will be different, ) @ @) ex 2015- Winter 2019 33 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION 44> (10. 2016 Paper 16.08) ~ FOOD AND DIGESTION In digestion large food molecules are broken down into small food molecules by enzymes, (a) Use this information to complete the table. (5) Enzyme involved in ‘Small food molecule ater oe ec ac digestion produced starch amylase protease lipid (b) The small food molecules can be absorbed into the blood by vil in the small intestine Give three ways in which vl are adapted to absorb small food molecules. @ 1 2 3 a ox ara! 2015- Winter 2019 34 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION 5 1810-8 2016 Paper 18-c2) ~ FOOD AND DIGESTION SELECTIVE BREEDING Fish and beef cattle are farmed to provide a source of protein for humans. The graph shows changes in the global production of farmed fish and beef cattle since 1950. 70 60 50 global production 4° in millon tonnes 49 20 10 1950 1960 1970-1980 1990, 2000S 2010 year (@) () Describe the changes in the global production of farmed fish and beef cattle since 1950. @) (i) By 2020, the production of farmed fish is expected to be six times greater than in 1990. Calculate the mass of farmed fish expected to be produced in 2020. Show your working. @) mass of farmed fish = million tonnes xara 2015- Winter 2019 35 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION (b) Describe what happens to fish protein in the human stomach. @) ‘Many molecules in the human body are made from protein. The table lists some protein molecules, the function of each molecule and the place where each molecule is made. © Complete the table by giving the missing information. © Puta eacaae| || omer orprigiamacasa) |e cere rose monctle haemoglobin ted blood cells dligest starch salivary gland insutin binds to antigens.on pathogens oxaus 36 ‘win exam-mate.com 2015- Winter 2019Edexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION 6 - 4310s 2016 Paper 1BR.GD)~ FOOD AND DIGESTION COORDMATION, ECOSYSTEMS a \ y / grass The diagram shows a simple food web in East Africa. (a) Name the producer in this food web. (b) Gazelles try to avoid being caught by lions by running away quickly. They can run at a top speed of 96 km per hour. (Calculate the distance in metres a gazelle runs in one minute at a speed of 96 km per hour. Show your working. @) diaries — (ii) Gazelles cannot maintain their top speed for a long time because a change in the type of respiration takes place in their muscle cells. Explain how this change in respiration stops gazelles from running at a top speed for a long time. @) 1. ex ad 2015- Winter 2019 37 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION (6) Zebras also try to avoid being caught by lions. It was thought that the striped coat of zebras helps to camouflage them. ‘Anew theory suggests the striped coat evolved because it reduces the number of biting flies that feed on zebra blood. Use your knowledge of natural selection to explain how a striped coat that reduces the number of flies feeding on zebra blood may have evolved. (@) Lions’ eyes are adapted to help them see in dim light. (i) Their eyes have a layer of cells behind the retina that reflects light which has passed through the retina, ‘Suggest how this would help a lion see in low light intensities. 0 (ii) Suggest one other adaptation in the structure of a lion's eye that helps the lion to see in low light intensities. We exam 2015- Winter 2019 58 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION (e) When a lion catches its prey it tears the meat into smaller pieces in its mouth before swallowing. {)_ Suggest why the saliva released into the lion's mouth does not contain amylase. @) (i) Explain how tearing the meat into smaller pieces helps digestion in the stomach. @) We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 59 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 18R CH 4-FOOD AND DIGESTION 7+ o108¥ 2016 Pape 18.02) = FOOD AND GESTION A student adds oil (lipid) to water. He then puts drops of the mixture onto a microscope side. The diagram shows oil droplets floating on the water, as seen using a microscope. ‘The student then adds different solutions to four separate samples of oil droplets flo fon the water. Diagrams A, B and € show the possible appearance of the oil droplets after each solution is added. A B c & exam 2015 - Winter 2019 60 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION (2) (i). The table lists the solutions added to the oil and water mixture. Complete the table to show which diagram the mixture would look like after each solution is added. You may use each letter once, more than once or not at all, One has been done for you. (3 Solution added am bile bile and lipase c boiled lipase bile and protease (il) Explain why no droplets are seen after bile and lipase solution is added to the oil and water mixture. (b) Starch is digested in the small intestine. The small intestine contains many structures that absorb glucose. The diagram shows one of these structures. (i) Name this structure (i) Explain how this structure is adapted to absorb glucose. We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 él ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION 8 - 1510 2017-Paper 18-22) ~ FOOD AND DIGESTION A student investigates the movement of substances from the gut into the blood using a model. ‘The Visking tubing bag represents the gut and water represents the blood. Visking tubing is permeable to small molecules. plastic cover substances LA] \sking tubing bag measuring cylinder ZS water “ZS The student puts different solutions of various substances into the bag. After 20 minutes he cartles out food tests on the water, (a) (Complete the table to show the results obtained by the student, One has been done for you Solutions in bag Starch present in water Glucose present in water starch only } no no starch and glucose starch and maltase starch and boiled amylase we (BDY\ee ea) 3 ‘evn exam-mate com 2015- Winter 2019Edexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION Ai) Explain how the volume of the bag would change when it only contains starch solution 3) (ii Describe the test the student should use to find out if glucose is present in the water. 8) (b) Explain how you could use this apparatus to investigate the effect of bile on the digestion of lipid @) We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 63 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY CH4- FOOD AND DIGESTION 9 - asio.s 2017Paper 18R-G2) ~ FOOD AND DIGESTION ‘The diagram shows the digestive system of a human with parts labelled A, B, C and D. (a) The table lists these four parts of the digestive system and three types of food. For each part, complete the table by putting a tick (y’Pin the box ifthe food is, digested, or a cross (X) ifitis not digested. Some have been done for you. a) rt of digestive system Starch Protein A 8 We exam 2015- Winter 2019 64 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH4- FOOD AND DIGESTION kb) Coeliac disease results in part C conta (i) Draw a labelled diagram of a villus. ing fewer vill, Ai) Suggest why coeliac disease may affect the growth ofa child 3) 3) We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 65 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION 10 (40's 2017-Pacer 18.2) ~ FOOD AND DIGESTION Biological washing powder contains enzymes to remove stains from clothes. Describe an investigation to find the temperature at which biological washing powder is most effective at removing stains. Your answer should include experimental detalls and be witten in full sentences. ce " ea) 2015- Winter 2019 66 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 cHa- FOOD AND DIGESTION 111 = (asi. 201T-Paper 18.01) - FOOD AND DIGESTION, CHEMICAL COORDINATION, ECOSYSTEMS ‘The diagram shows a food web from a forest. =o ee | Uf exe xG A Rabbit JRA, f 74 Deer Plant (a) Use information from the food web to complete the table. The first one has been done for you. @) number of organisms n number of food chains ‘number of primary consumers number of organisms that belong to more than one trophic level exh’) ce 2015- Winter 2019 7 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION (b) Plant cell walls are made of cellulose. Cellulose is an insoluble molecule made from the same simple sugar as starch. The rabh 's intestine contains bacteria that can digest cellulose, Suggest why this is an advantage for the rabbit. 2) (6) The deer runs away when it sees the wolf. (i) Name the effector in this response. } (il) The deer releases a hormone when it sees the wolt. Explain how this hormone helps the deer to run away. @) ce " ea) 2015- Winter 2019 68 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION {d) The ow! uses its eyes to find prey. The diagram shows a section through the owl's eye. (Name the parts labelled A and B. (i) Describe the function of part A. {il Describe the function of part B. We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 0 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION 412 «aio 201T-Paper 18.011) - FOOD AND DIGESTION, USING MICROORGANISUS, GENETIC MODIFICATION The fungus Fusarium venenatum is grown in a fermenter to make a food product, called mycoprotein. (a) (Name the molecule that a fungus uses to store carbohydrate. (i) Name the thread-tike structures that make up the mycelium of a fungus. 0 (b) Mycoprotein contains low levels of fats and is high in protein. Suggest the benefits of each of these to a human diet. (2) (©) Food production can be increased by using genetically modified plants that are resistant to disease, Explain how enzymes can be used to genetically modify plants. (2) we (BDY\ee cK) 2015- Winter 2019 70 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION 13 (asi0's 2018 Pacer 18.01) ~ THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS, FOOD AND DIGESTION ‘The diagram shows the alimentary canal of a rabbit with some parts labelled. pancreas rectum teeth. small intestine stomach: large intestine (a) The table lists descriptions of some parts of the alimentary canal. Complete the table by giving the correct part from the diagram to match each description, ‘One has been done for you. B) Description Part used to chew food teeth has most vill for absorption produces hydrochloric acid stores faeces exaMryl 2015- Winter 2019 7 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION (b) Explain how the liver helps digestion in the alimentary canal. (3) (©) Rabbits eat grass. The diagram shows the cell wall of a leaf cell from a grass plant. Complete the diagram by drawing and labelling other structures in this leaf cell. @) We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 72 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION (4) Grass cell walls are made of cellulose. Rabbits cannot digest cellulose. Bacteria living in the large intestine of rabbits can digest cellulose into glucose, Rabbits eat their own faeces to obtain this glucose. (i) Give two differences between the structure of bacterial cells and the structure of plant cells 2) (i) Describe a test to show that rabbit faeces contain glucose. (3) ce " ea) 2015- Winter 2019 3 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION 14~ 1310-8 2018-Paer 18-47) ~ FOOD AKO DIGESTION Ail living cells contain enzymes, (a) Describe the role of enzymes in cells @) (b) The table lists some enzymes, where they are produced and their function. Complete the table by giving the missing information, ‘) Enzyme Where produced Function amytase salivary gland protease bacteria cutting DNA at certain points ligase cellnuceus | (Explain how changes in temperature affect the activity of an enzyme, ) ena al 2015- Winter 2019 74 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION 15 ~ «910s 2018-Paer 18.) = THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGAMISMS, FOOD AND DIGESTION Many people in the UK eat fish and chips. The drawing shows a plate of fish and chips. (a) Describe what happens to fish protein in the stomach. @ (b) The chips are made from potatoes. Potatoes are the underground carbohydrate storage organs of the potato plant. The diagram shows a cell from potato tissue, as seen though a microscope. Name the parts labelled A, B and C. exam (RAKE 2015- Winter 2019 75 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION (©) Chips are cooked by frying them in lipid (oil). Some of this lipid is left on the surface of the chips after cooking. The diagram shows three different shaped chips from the same potato. Each chip has the same mass. op Q Laon Zn Y Liem chip A chip B ‘chip (i) The table shows the surface area, the volume and the surface area to volume ratio for chips A and B, Use the diagram to complete the table for chip C, which is a cube, @) - ‘Surface area Volume Surface area to ue ine incm™ volume ratio A 280 800 3.50:1 B 340 8.00 42531 c (i) Eating too much lipid is harmful to health, Explain which shape of chip, A, Bor C, is the most healthy to eat. @) 2015- Winter 2019 76 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION 16 - 4sio's 2018-Pacer1BRG1N) ~ FOOD AND DIGESTION, ECOSYSTEMS A student uses this method to investigate the effect of temperature on the digestion of lipid. Step 1 Add five drops of an indicator to a test tube. Step2 Add Sem? of milk to the test tube. Step3_ Then add 7cm* of sodium carbonate solution to the test tube. Step4 Place a thermometer in the test tube, put the test tube in a water bath and leave it until the contents reach a temperature of 20°C. Step Add 1 cm’ of lipase solution to the test tube and start a timer. Step 6 Stir the contents of the test tube. Step 7 Record the time it takes for the indicator to change colour. The student then repeats these steps using water baths at five higher temperatures, increasing the temperature by 10°C each time. (a) (i) Name the independent variable in the student's investigation. a (il) Identify two variables that the student controls in his investigation. 2) (il) Give the reason for including step 6. (a) (b) Sodium carbonate solution is an alkali that tums the indicator pink in step 3. Explain why the indicator changes colour in step 7. @) ce " ea) 2015- Winter 2019 7 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION (©) (Sketch a graph on the axes to show the results you would expect the student to obtain, (2) time to change colour ins temperature in °C {il) Explain the effect of temperature on the time taken for the indicator to change colour. a) (d) Describe the role of bile in the digestion of lipid. 2) We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 78 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH4- FOOD AND DIGESTION 117 (aio. 2018 Pape 18.02) - FOOD AND DIGESTION A meal contains different food components. (2) The table lists some of the components in the meal. ‘Complete the table by giving the function of each component. ‘One has been done for you. 4) ‘Component Function of component vitamin & vitamin © vitamin © bone growth iron dietary fre (6) Describe a test to show that the meal contains glucose, 3) (0. The meal also contains lipids and proteins, (0) Give the three chemical elements found in lipids and also found in proteins. “ (Gd The table lists two substances involved in the digestion of lipids. Complete the table by naming an organ that produces each substance. @) Substance Organ bile lipase payee XANES) 2015 Winter 2019 73 ‘wan.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION (4610. 2018 Paper 1.012) = LIFE PROGESSES, FOOD AND DIGESTION Substances move in and out of cells using different processes. {@) Complete the table by giving the process used for each example of substance movement. @) Example of substance movement Process carbon dioxide moving through stomata to a leaf nitrate ions moving into a plant root hair cell against a concentration gradient water moving from a collecting duct of the kidney into blood plasma (b) Explain how the structure of the small intestine is adapted for efficient absorption of substances. @ xara 2015- Winter 2019 80 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 4 - FOOD AND DIGESTION 10 usiow 2019 Paper 18.012) - FOOD AND DIGESTION The passage describes carbohydrates used in different organisms. ‘Complete the passage by writing a suitable word in each blank space. 00 Carbohydrates contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and Plant cell walls are made of the carbohydrate, Plants store carbohydrate as starch. The starch in plant cells is , so it has no osmotic effect on the cell. The simple test for starch is to add a few drops. of. solution to a sample. If the test is positive, the solution changes eolour from to The storage carbohydrate in animals is which is found: mainly in the muscles and in the . Ifthe blood glucose concentration increases then the hormone, , isreleased by the . This causes the conversion of blood glucose into the storage carbohydrate. 1. ex ad 2015- Winter 2019 aT ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 18R CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION 11 sis 2015 Paper 18-28) = BLOOD AND CIRCULATION ‘The data shows the number of heart attacks in men and women of different ages from 1969 to 1998 in one area in England. 1969-73 125 13, 1974-78 135 15, 1979-83 16 W 1984-88 86 6 1989-53 6 9 1994-98 48 9 (a) Plot a bar graph to show the data in the table. ey He aE pe 2015- Winter 2019 82 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION (b) Describe how the data differs for men and women, (2) (Q) Give an explanation for the change in the number of heart attacks from 1969 to 1998. ay (d) Explain why reducing the blood supply to the heart muscle cells can cause a heart attack. (3) We exam 2015- Winter 2019 83 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION 2. (asi0.S 2015Paper 1BR.G11)~ BLOOD AND CIRCULATION The passage describes the role of the blood transport system, Complete the passage by writing a suitable word in each blank space. (8) The blood cells are transported in a straw-coloured liquid called a + In this liquid there are blood cells that cont the protein - cnn .. that is used to carry oxygen around the body. The oxygen is used by the body cells in respiration The gas Co produced by the cellsin respiration is transported to the lungs and is exhaled with water vapour when we breathe out. Other components transported in the plasma are... con that help the blood to clot following a cut or injury, and white blood cells that are involved in preventing infection. Some of these white blood cells release specific molecules called - to destroy bacteria. Other white blood cells Called nn nnnnnennnnnnennnsemnneen €4N SUTOUNG and engulf invading bacteria, We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 84 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION 3 (4. 2016-Pape 18-04) = BLOOD AND CIRCULATION Arteries and veins are important blood vessels in the circulatory system. (a) Describe two ways in which the structure of an artery differs from the structure of ave (2) (0) Tha eagatn sis ie amin eum aya The blood vessels are labeled with letters. Head N a M B iM Lungs Mt ce L- — Heart K D \ ver ty inmates ay] ' E = Kidney = F we wv eZ Ne 1. ex ad 2015- Winter 2019 85 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION (i) The table names some of the blood vessels in this circulatory system, Complete the table by giving the letter for each blood vessel. The first one has been done for you. ® Name of blood vessel Letter vena cava Lorn aorta pulmonary vein hepatic artery renal vein (ii) The plasma in the blood vessels can contain different concentrations of substances. ‘Complete the table by giving the letter for the blood vessel that matches the contents. (3) Sontentaef PisadseseeiN) | contains the most glucose after a meal contains the least urea cova thes nyen | We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 86 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION 4 (610s 2016 Paper 1BR.GT) = 6LOOD AND CIRCULATION The diagram shows the structure of the human heart. (it) On the diagram, label the pulmonary artery. a (iv) Explain the difference in the structure of the walls of chamber A and chamber B. (2) eA 2015- Winter 2019 7 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION (b) (i) Give the name of structure C, (il) Describe the function of structure C. (©) Sometimes a baby is born with a hole between chambers A and B. Suggest the effects that this condition may have on the baby. a a @) ex 2015- Winter 2019 88 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION (d) A student wants to investigate the effect of exercise on heart rate. (i) Describe how the student could measure heart rate. (2) (ii) Explain how the student could ensure that the results obtained would allow a valid comparison to be made. (2) We exam 2015- Winter 2019 89 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION 15 1810-8 2016 Paper 1BR.GB)~ LIFE PROCESSES, BLOOD AND GRROULATION ‘A student carries out an experiment to investigate the factors affecting the rate of diffusion. (2) Inher first experiment ‘she makes three agar jelly cubes, one with sides of 4.0 cm, one with sides of 2.0 cm and one with sides of 1.0 cm ‘she covers each cube in a solution of a coloured dye for three minutes ‘+ she then cuts the cubes to see how far the dye has diffused ‘The diagram shows a cross-section through the largest cube after three minutes. coloured dye (). Describe what is meant by the term diffusion. (ii) Measure the distance that the dye has diffused into the large cube. a distance = mm (ii) Complete the diagram below to show how far the dye will have diffused in the smallest cube after three minutes. ex 2015- Winter 2019 30 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION (b) The student then carries out a second experiment but this time she leaves the cubes in the dye for six minutes. Draw the results you would expect to see when the largest cube is cut open after sixminutes. « (©) Other factors may affect the rate of diffusion of the dye. Explain two factors that the student should keep constant in her investigation. @ (@) Explain how the results of the student's investigation support the idea that large organisms need a circulation system. @ 2015- Winter 2019 aT ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION 6 - 1es10.¥ 2016-Paper 18-03) = THE VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS, BLOOD AND CIRCULATION Listeriosis is an illness caused by eating food containing the bacterium Listeria, (a) The diagram shows the cell wall of one of these bacteria. Other structures found in the bacterium are not shown. Draw and label three other structures that would be found in the bacterium. (b) Many different foods have been found to contain Listeria. AA study was carried out in the USA over a two-year period. The table shows the number of people who became ill with listeriosis after eating different types of food. It also shows ‘the number of people who died as a result of becoming ill with listeriosis. Deticotann| Namie | mt mn coleslaw 52 W milk 105 5 processed meat ‘fresh meat 1 494 96 2015- Winter 2019 32 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION {Plot a bar graph to show the number of people who became ill and the number of people who died from listeriosis after eating the different types of food. 5) The likelihood of a person dying from listeriosis depends on which food the bacterium came from. Use the information in the table to determine which type of food is most likely to cause a bacterial infection that leads to death. Show your working. 2) type of food (@) Explain how the immune system protects most people from becoming ill with listeriosis. (5) 1. ex ad 2015- Winter 2019 33 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION 7 = (410.17 2016-Pape 16.08) ~ BLOOD AND GIRCULATION The diagram shows the heart and circulation system of a fish. capillaries in gills (blood becomes oxygenated) vessel A chamber X heart chamberY vessel B capillaries in body (blood becomes deoxygenated) (a) The circulation system and heart structure of a fish have similarities and differences to those of a human. Use your knowledge of human circulation and heart structure to answer these questions. (i) What type of blood vessel is vessel A? m (i) What type of heart chamber is chamberY? « (ii) Describe how the structure of a fish heart differs from that of a human heart. (3) We exam 2015- Winter 2019 34 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION (b) The concentrations of the gases in the blood leaving the fish heart are different from the concentrations of the gases in the blood leaving the human heart in the aorta. Explain the differences in the concentrations of gases. (4) (©) Explain why the pressure of the blood returing to the fish heart is lower than the pressure of the blood returning to the human heart. (2) We exam 2015- Winter 2019 35 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION 8 - asi.s 2017-Faper TBR.) ~ BLOOD AND CIRCULATION CHENICAL COORDINATION (a) Hormones are released during exercise. {i)_ Explain the role of adrenaline during exercise. a) Ail) During exercise, water is lost from the body by sweating, Explain the role of ADH following this loss of water. ) ce " ea) 2015- Winter 2019 3 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 18R (CH 5-BLOOD AND CIRCULATION {b) The graph shows how level of exercise can affect risk of infection in a person. above average risk of infection average below average low ‘medium high’ level of exercise: (i) Describe the relationship between level of exercise and risk of infection, @) thought that exercise affects the immune system by reducing the number ‘of white blood cells in the body. Explain how a reduction in the number of white blood cells can affect, the risk of infection. @) exalt 2015- Winter 2019 7 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION 9 ~ asi.s 2017-Faper 1BR-GB)~ ELOOD AND GIRCULATION, HOMEOSTASIS AND EXCRETION Students carried out an experiment about kidney function. Their teacher provided them with three samples of artificial urine, ‘one sample contained the same composition as urine from a person with normal kidneys ‘© one sample contained the same composition as urine from a person with diabetes, who is unable to produce insulin ‘+ one sample contained the same composition as urine from a person with high blood pressure ‘The students tested the samples for glucose and for protein. The table shows their results. Sample Glucose test Protein test A positive negative 8 negative negative c negative positive (a) High blood pressure occurs when the heart has to pump very hatd to force blood through narrow arteries. (i) Use information from the table and your own knowedge to explain which sample could be from a person with high blood pressure, i) Use information from the table and your own knowledge to explain which sample could be from a person with diabetes » We exam ‘wnww.exam-mate.com 2015- Winter 2019 38Edexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION Ail) Describe the test for glucose. (b) Suggest why the teacher uses artificial urine rather than real urine in this experiment. @) ce " ea) 2015- Winter 2019 Ey ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION 10 (4sio's2017-Paver 1BRGNN) = BLOOD AND CIRCULATION ‘The diagram shows two samples of blood that have been separated using a machine called a centrifuge. ‘The centrifuge separates the components of blood by their density. ‘One sample comes from a person with normal blood. The other sample comes from a person with anaemia, plasma ‘white blood cells and platelets red blood cells normal bleod anaemia {a} (Suggest why the components of the normal blood sample have separated into different layers as shown in the diagram. 2) i) Compare the appearance of the normal blood sample with the appearance of the sample from the person with anaemia. ce " ea) 2015- Winter 2019 100 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION {i Explain a symptom of anaemia, (iv) Suggest why adult females are more likely to have anaemia than adult males a) {b) Plasma transports many molecules around the body. (i) Name a food molecule transported in the plasma. a (i). Name a non-food molecule transported in the plasma, a ce " ea) 2015- Winter 2019 101 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION 111 = «gos 2017-Paper 18.03) ~ BLOCD AND GRCULATION Chemotherapy is often used to help people with cancer. Chemotherapy kills cancer cells, but may affect haemoglobin production in the body. ‘A drug called EPO increases haemoglobin production in the body. Scientists investigated the effect of EPO on patients who had received chemotherapy. They injected EPO into these patients and blood samples were taken for several ‘months to measure their haemoglobin levels. The table shows the results. Time after __ Average (mean) EPO injection haemoglobin level inmonths _ing per 100 cm* ° 5.0 1 76 2 82 3 93 | 4 98 5 02 {a) Plota line graph to show the relationship between time and average haemoglobin level. Use a ruler to join the points with straight lines. (5) We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 102 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION (b) (@_ Name the dependent variable in this investigation, i) Explain how the scientists made sure their results were reliable. Name two biotic factors that the scientists should have controlled. (c) Cancer patients often complain of titedness after chemotherapy. Explain how EPO helps to reduce tiredness in these patients, (d) The scientists obtained blood samples using a needle attached to a syringe. Explain which type of blood vessel they should use to obtain the blood samples. i) The scientists controlled biotic (living) factors so their results would be valid. a (2) @) We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 103 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION 12- (ai0's 2018 Pacer 18.02) - ELOOD AND CIRCULATION Human blood contains red blood cells and white blood cells. Different situations can cause changes in the numbers of these blood cells. The table shows some of these changes. Situation Number of red blood cells Number of white blood cells having poor diet decreases stays the same living at high altitude increases stays the same receiving therapy for cancer decreases decreases {a) Explain why poor diet can cause a change in the number of red blood cells. @) (b) Suggest why athletes often live at high altitude before competing in a long distance race. @ We exam 2015- Winter 2019 104 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION (0) Explain how the change in the number of white blood cells during therapy for cancer could be risk to the patient. @) We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 105 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION 13 «asio's 2018 Pacer 18-2) ~ BLOOD AND GIRGULATION Blood is circulated through the body in blood vessels (a) The table lists some blood vessels. Complete the table by naming an organ supplied with blood by each blood vessel. 4) Blood vessel Organ hepatic artery renal artery pulmonary artery hepatic portal vein (b) A student uses this apparatus to compare the strenath of arteries and veins. hook: metal stand ring of tissue. mass cartier 10g masses This is the student's method. + cuta cross-section from an artery and from a vein to make rings of tissue ‘+ hang ring of tissue from the hook ‘+ add 10g masses to the ring of tissue one at a time * record the total mass at which the ring of tissue breaks ‘+ repeat the method with the other ring of tissue: ce " ea) 2015- Winter 2019 106 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION () Explain the results that you would expect the student to obtain. @) (ii) Give one way that the student could modify his investigation to improve the reliability of his results, (ii) Give one way that the student could modify his investigation to improve the accuracy of his results We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 107 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION “14 ~ asc. ¥ 2018-aper 18.07) ~ BLOOD AND GRCULATION HOMEOSTASIS ANO EXCRETION (@) The table lists descriptions of what happens in different human organs. Complete the table by giving the correct organ for each description. The first one has been done for you. 4) Description Organ pumps blood heart forms oxyhaemoglobin stores urine secretes oestrogen forms sperm xara 2015- Winter 2019 108 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION (b) Describe the structure of the kidney. Refer to the structure of the nephron in your answer. ce " ea) 2015- Winter 2019 109 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION 15 (gos 2018 Pape 18.08) ~ BLOOD AND GRRCULATION The diagram shows the human circulatory system, with blood vessels labelled A to N. head N A m H | Bf Jungs c= = L heat = ¥ D = liver = intestines legs = xara 2015- Winter 2019 110 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION a) The table lists some of the blood vessels in the human circulatory system. Complete the table by giving the correct letter for each blood vessel. The first one has been done for you. @) Blood vessel Letter aorta c hepatic vein pulmonary artery renal artery vena cava (b) Use letters from the diagram to answer these questions. (0 Which blood vessel contains blood withthe highest concentration of oxygen? (i) Which blood vessel carries blood atthe highest pressure? a” Gi) Which blood vessels an artery that caries blood with a high concentration of carbon dioxide? a ena al 2015- Winter 2019 m ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 5- BLOOD AND CIRCULATION (c) Scientists have developed a synthetic material that can be used to replace damaged arteries. State two properties that this synthetic material should have so that it can act as a suitable replacement for damaged arteries. @) ce a KAMA) 2015- Winter 2019 112 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH6- COORDINATION 11 asi0.s 2016 Paper 18-21) = COORDINATION ‘The diagram shows an animal cell called a neurone. direction of impulse (@} Name the three structures found in a plant cell that are net found in a neurone. ®) 1 2 a = a a ____¢ (b} Neuronesare involved in the reflex arc that helps humans respond to stimuli The diagram shows a reflex arc with parts labelled A, 8, C,Dand E. The artows show the direction of the nerve impulse, c exaMryl 2015- Winter 2019 113 ‘wnww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 6- COORDINATION (Complete the table by naming each part of the reflex arc. One has been done for you. «@) Part Name B | sensory neurone (ii) There isa small gap between neurone B and neurone C. ‘What is the name of the small gaps between neurones? (0) Nerve impulses can travel along neurones at 120 m/s. The distance between the spinal cord and the foot of a human is 90 cm. Calculate the time, in seconds, that it would take.a nerve impulse to travel from the spinal cord to the foot of this human. Show your working. (2) time = seconds ex 2015- Winter 2019 14 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 6- COORDINATION 2-- (4s. 2016 Paper 18-24) ~ COORDINATION, ECOSYSTEMS NATURAL SELECTION AND EVOLUTION The diagram shows a food chain. Poi thistle garden snail song thrush sparrowhawk (2) (Name the producer in this food chair fu} (il) Name the secondary consumer in this food chain. a (b) The sparrowhawk uses its eyes to see its prey. The photograph shows a sparrowhawk's eye. (i) Name the parts labelled A and B. @) A . B 1. ex ad 2015- Winter 2019 115 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 6- COORDINATION i) The table describes other parts of the eye. Complete the table by naming each part that is described. (3) Description Name of part of eye the tough protective outer layer the nerve from the eye to the brain focuses light onto the retina (QA student put these drawings in her book to help her understand how natural selection affects shell colour in a snail population. er Dl QE Key snail with snail with snail with black shell grey shell white shell (i) What is meant by the term population? a (i. Use the information in the drawings to explain the process of natural selection. 6) 2015- Winter 2019 116 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 6- COORDINATION 3 - 4aB10.8 2016Paper1BR.GD)~ FOOD AND DIGESTION COORDMATION, ECOSYSTEMS a \ y / grass The diagram shows a simple food web in East Africa. (a) Name the producer in this food web. (b) Gazelles try to avoid being caught by lions by running away quickly. They can run at a top speed of 96 km per hour. (Calculate the distance in metres a gazelle runs in one minute at a speed of 96 km per hour. Show your working. @) diaries — (ii) Gazelles cannot maintain their top speed for a long time because a change in the type of respiration takes place in their muscle cells. Explain how this change in respiration stops gazelles from running at a top speed for a long time. @) 1. ex ad 2015- Winter 2019 nz ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 6- COORDINATION (6) Zebras also try to avoid being caught by lions. It was thought that the striped coat of zebras helps to camouflage them. ‘Anew theory suggests the striped coat evolved because it reduces the number of biting flies that feed on zebra blood. Use your knowledge of natural selection to explain how a striped coat that reduces the number of flies feeding on zebra blood may have evolved. (@) Lions’ eyes are adapted to help them see in dim light. (i) Their eyes have a layer of cells behind the retina that reflects light which has passed through the retina, ‘Suggest how this would help a lion see in low light intensities. 0 (ii) Suggest one other adaptation in the structure of a lion's eye that helps the lion to see in low light intensities. We exam 2015- Winter 2019 118 ‘woww.exam-mate.comEdexcel IGCSE BIOLOGY - 18, 188 (CH 6- COORDINATION (e) When a lion catches its prey it tears the meat into smaller pieces in its mouth before swallowing. {)_ Suggest why the saliva released into the lion's mouth does not contain amylase. @) (i) Explain how tearing the meat into smaller pieces helps digestion in the stomach. @) We exAng! 2015- Winter 2019 119 ‘woww.exam-mate.com