Cement and Concrete Research 143 (2021) 106397

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Cement and Concrete Research

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Corrosion integrity of oil cement modified by environment responsive

microspheres for CO2 geologic sequestration wells
Jian Zhang a, c, *, Changning Wang a, c, Zhigang Peng b
a
Drilling and Production Engineering Technology Research Institute of CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co., Ltd, 710018, Shanxi, China
b
Southwest Petroleum University, 610500, Sichuan, China
c
National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low Permeability Oil and Gas Fields, 70018, Shanxi, China

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T

Keywords: In order to ensure the safe and effectiveness of CO2 geological storage, an environmental responsive polymer
CO2 geological storage microspheres (ERPM) was prepared to improve the corrosion resistance of cement stone. The structure and
Polymer microspheres environmental response characteristics of ERPM were characterized, and then the anti-corrosion performance
Environmental response
and anti-corrosion mechanism for ERPM were discussed. The results shown that ERPM had good environmental
Corrosion integrity
response characteristics and temperature resistance. ERPM could effectively suppressed the corrosion rate and
the damage degree of mechanical properties of cement stone. The corrosion integrity of cement stone was
improved due to the acidic response characteristic and form polymer films of ERPM, which effectively shield the
direct contact between corrosion medium and hydration products.

1. Introduction fundamental reason of cement sheath corrosion [8]. Under geological

Carbon dioxide capture and geological storage, as the only feasible
technology to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions, is an
important way for countries around the world to cope with climate
change, achieve emission reduction targets and fulfill international
commitments [1,2]. The sealing integrity of cement sheath plays an
important role in the effective and safe storage of carbon dioxide [3]. In
the environment of carbon dioxide geological storage, cement sheath is
inevitably corroded by carbon dioxide, resulting in structural damage,
mechanical performance decline or even loss [4]. Once the sealing
integrity of cement sheath fails, the sealed CO2 will leak and migrate to
the ground, which will seriously threaten the safety of surrounding
environment [5]. Therefore, maintaining the integrity of cement sheath
in geological storage environment is the key factor to determine whether
carbon dioxide geological storage project can achieve safe storage.
At present, the cementing materials used for geological storage are
mainly G oil well cement, which is essentially a high alkaline (pH =
11–13) silicate material [6]. Carbon dioxide is a kind of corrosive acid
gas, which dissolves in formation water or pore fluid to produce a weak
acid carbonic acid (pH = 4–5.6) [7], as shown in Eq. (1). The acid-base
reaction of carbonic acid and alkaline hydration products is the
storage formation environment, which has the characteristics of high
temperature and high pressure, carbon dioxide usually exists in super­
critical state (critical temperature higher than 31.10 ◦ C, critical pressure
greater than 7.38 MPa) [9]. Due to the strong diffusion and dissolution
of supercritical carbon dioxide, cement sheath matrix suffers more se­
vere corrosion damage.
CO2 (gas) + H2 O→H2 CO3 →H+ + HCO3 − (aq)→2H+ + CO3 2− (aq) (1)
Scholars at home and abroad have conducted a lot of research on the
corrosion mechanism and preventive measures of cement stone. It is
generally believed that modified cement by adding active siliceous
materials is an effective technical way to improve the corrosion resis­
tance of cement. Researches by Zhang and Santra have proved that by
using fly ash and micro-silica as external admixture to replace part of the
oil well cement clinkers, the corrosion resistance of the cement stone is
significantly improved originate from the initial content reduction of Ca
(OH)2 in the hydration products [10,11]. Zhang and Yuan studied the
effect of micro silicon and slag on the corrosion resistance of cement
rings. The research results implied that the alkali-aggregate reaction of
micro silicon or slag with cement clinkers resulted in a large number of
micro cracks in the cement stone matrix, which will provide a potential

* Corresponding author at: Drilling and Production Engineering Technology Research Institute of CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co., Ltd, 710018, Shanxi,
China.
E-mail address: 401817890@qq.com (J. Zhang).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106397
Received 5 July 2020; Received in revised form 5 January 2021; Accepted 8 February 2021
Available online 24 February 2021
0008-8846/© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
J. Zhang et al.
channel for the intrusion of corrosive media and was not conducive to
the long-term maintenance of anti-corrosion [12,13]. In order to avoid
the potential risk of micro cracks mentioned above, researchers have
proposed new ideas for polymer-modified cement stone and carried out
a lot of research work. Duguid and Kutchko studied the corrosion
resistance of oil well cement modified by latex, asphalt and water-
soluble resin. It is found that this polymers not only improve the
corrosion resistance of cement stone, but also strengthen the crack
resistance and tensile performance through polymer membranes for­
mation [14,15]. The studies by Syahrir and Lin also confirmed this
conclusion. It is believed that polymers such as SBR latex, epoxy resin
endow cement stone impermeability, but have a great negative effect on
the development of compressive strength, and this negative effect
gradually increases with the addition amount [16,17]. Wang, Eric and
others studied the corrosion resistance of cement stone modified by
latex, micro silica and fly ash, it is conclusion that micro silica and fly
ash are potential risks for maintaining the corrosion integrity of cement
sheath due to the adverse effect of micro cracks. Although the polymer
latex has the characteristics of enhancing impermeability and tough­
ness, it can inhibit the compressive strength development of cement,
which seriously hinders the further improvement of cement stone
corrosion resistance [18–20].
In response to the potential risk of microcracks from siliceous ma­
terials and the negative strength effect of polymer, in this paper, an
environmental responsive polymer microspheres (ERPM) was developed
and used as a key material to improve the corrosion resistance of oil well
cement. Taking ERPM modified cement stone as the research object, the
mechanism of ERPM to improve the corrosion resistance of cement stone
was also further discussed under geological storage environment.
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
The main materials used in this research were as follows: Class G
middle sulfate-resistant oil well cement(OWC), Fluid loss agent (SZ1-2),
Dispersant (SWJZ), Self-synthesized new materials environment
responsive microsphere(ERPM), Defoamer(D50) and Tap water. The
synthesis process of ERPM referred to the published literature of our
research groups [21]. The physical parameters and the microscopic
about ERPM were summarized in Table 1 and shown in Fig. 1
respectively.
2.2. Cement sample preparation and exposure
According to the preparation method of cement slurry in Appendix A
[22] of API “Oil Well Cement”, the ERPM modified cement slurry was
prepared with a water-cement ratio of 0.44. The specific proportion of
cement slurry was shown in Table 2. The prepared cement slurry was
injected into a cylindrical (d × h = 25 × 50 mm) mold, and then cured in
a water bath at 80 ◦ C for 3 days. After hardened, the cement stone was
demolded and encapsulated with resin to form a unidirectional corro­
sion samples(Fig. 2(a)), then transferred to high temperature and high
pressure rot kettle for continuous 60 days corrosion test. The corrosion
environment was set to N210.0 MPa, CO210.0 MPa, temperature 80 ◦ C.
When the specified corrosion age reached, the properties of cement
stone are tested. Before been tested, all samples should be immersed in
acetone solution to prevent the influence of CO2 in the air on the test
results. In addition, the internal part of the cement stone were taken as
no-corrosion samples, and the surface part within 5 mm thickness were
Table 1
The physical and chemical properties of ERPM.
Viscosity (mPa⋅s) Solids content (%) pH Water solubility Appearance
18.10 70.38 8.0 Easy Milk white
2
Cement and Concrete Research 143 (2021) 106397
taken as corrosion sample(As shown in Fig. 2(b)).
2.3. Environmental response test for ERPM
The aqueous solution of ERPM with mass fraction of 4% was pre­
pared and divided into group A, group B and group C respectively. In
group A, 10% Ca(OH)2 solution was used to adjust pH value to 12
(simulating cement slurry environment). Group B was injected with
10Mpa CO2 to adjust the pH value to 5 (simulating corrosion curing
environment). In group C, 10 MPa CO2 was injected into solution of
group A (investigating the effect of Ca(OH)2 on the response of ERPM).
The above three groups of aqueous solution were cured at 80 ◦ C for 24 h,
then taking appropriate amount of samples to observe their morpho­
logical and molecular structure changes by atomic force microscopy
(AFM) and infrared spectroscopy analyzer.
2.4. Experimental methods of cement stone
The compressive strength of cement stone which has reached the
specified corrosion age was tested by the WHY-10/300 microcomputer
controlled automatic pressure testing machine (Shanghai Hualong
Testing Instrument Co., Ltd.).
The pore structure analysis and imaging system of mesomr nuclear
magnetic resonance (Suzhou Newman Analytical Instrument Co., Ltd.)
was used to determine the pore size characteristics of cement stone
which reached the specified corrosion age. The measurable pore size
range was (3–3.14) × 105 nm. Before the test, the sample needed to be
vacuumized and saturated for 24 h.
The phase composition and micro morphology of hydration products
of cement stone were analyzed by X’PERT MPDPR type X-ray diffrac­
tometer and Quanta 450 type environmental scanning electron micro­
scope (FEI company of the United States) respectively. The
measurement mode: continuous scanning, scanning rate: 8。/min。.
3. Results
3.1. Environmental response characteristic
Figs. 3 and 4 are the microscopic morphology and infrared changes
of the ERPM aqueous solution in different environments.
It can be seen from the atomic force diagram of polymer solution
(Fig. 3) that the morphology of ERPM solution does not change signif­
icantly in alkaline environment after 24 h curing, and it is still present a
uniformly dispersed microsphere. On the contrary, in the acid envi­
ronment, the morphology changed significantly and shown a cross-
linked network structure. When calcium hydroxide was added further,
it still show a cross-linked network structure, but the degree of cross-
linking was less than that in completely acidic environment.
According to the analysis of the infrared spectrum of ERPM (pH = 8
red mark in Fig. 4), the stretching vibration peaks of N–H and O–H
appeared at 3446 cm− 1 and 3639 cm− 1, which belonged to amide group
and hydroxymethyl group respectively. At same time, it is also found
that the characteristic peaks of carbonyl group (C=O) and C–N in amide
group appeared at 1650 and 1249 cm− 1, while the peaks present at
1112 cm− 1 and 1026 cm− 1 assigned to the stretching vibration the in-
plane bending vibration and the asymmetric stretching vibration of
C–O in ether group. All of the above-mentioned infrared characteristic
analysis implies that ERPM contains active groups such as hydrox­
ymethyl (-CH2-OH), amide, and ether bonds. Further analysis of the
infrared spectra under different pH conditions, it is found that the
infrared spectra of ERPM have no obvious change at pH = 12, but at pH
= 5.0 the infrared spectra have appeared the same obvious changes as
atomic force diagram. The stretching vibration peak(3639 cm− 1)
belonged to the N–H in primary amide and stretching vibration peak
(3446 cm− 1) of O–H in hydroxymethyl group all decreased and
widened, the in-plane bending vibration peak(1112 cm− 1) of C–O in
J. Zhang et al. Cement and Concrete Research 143 (2021) 106397

Fig. 1. The morphology and particle size distribution of the synthesized ERPM.

stimulus response. If the cement stone can utilize the acid response
Table 2
characteristic of ERPM in the CO2 acid environment, it can not only slow
The proportion of cement slurry in different experimental groups.
down the corrosion rate from CO2 corrosion, but also improve the
Samples Water/ OWC/ ERPM/ SZ1–2/ SWJZ/ Density/g/ microstructure of cement matrix by filling and shielding of membrane
g g g g g cm3
materials. Therefore, ERPM has great potential to improve the corrosion
A0 44.00 100.00 – 0.20 0.25 1.89 resistance of cement stone. In order to investigate whether ERPM can
A1 44.00 100.00 5.00 0.50 0.45 1.89
improve the corrosion resistance of cement stone, the influence of ERPM
A2 44.00 100.00 10.00 0.50 0.45 1.89
on corrosion depth, compressive strength, pore size distribution and
micro morphology of cement stone were further studied.
hydroxymethyl and the asymmetric stretching vibration peak(1026
cm− 1) of C–O in ether bond also decreased. It is indicated that the 3.2. Corrosion depth
functional groups of hydroxymethyl and amine groups in polymer
molecules decreased, and the imino and ether bonds increased. This It is obvious from Fig. 6 that the matrix of the non-corroded cement
phenomenon is attributed to the condensation reaction between stone is red, while the corrosion parts is cyan due to the consumption of
hydroxymethyl groups or between hydroxymethyl groups and amide alkaline products. It is also found that the growth rate of corrosion depth
groups in the ERPM molecules under acidic environment, where the of A0 is much faster than that of ERPM modified cement stone(A1 and
linear polycondensation is transformed into a three-dimensional A2). As shown in Fig. 7, when the corrosion curing time reached 30 days,
network polymer [23,24], which also is the fundamental reason why the corrosion depth of A0 had spread to 2.52 mm, while that of A1 and
ERPM present different morphological characteristics under different A2 were only 1.02 mm and 0.76 mm, which only is 40.48% and 30.16%
pH conditions, the reaction process as shown in Fig. 5. of A0 respectively. When the corrosion time reached 60 days, the
The above analysis signifies that the ERPM possess the characteris­ corrosion front of A0 had extended to 3.29 mm, while that of A1 and A2
tics of acid stimulus response, that is, a kind of acid environment cement stone were 1.49 mm and 1.01 mm, which is 45.29% and 30.70%
responsive material. When encountering acidic environment, ERPM of A0 respectively. In addition, the linear relationship between the
presents a continuous distribution of membrane shape due to the acid corrosion depth and the logarithm of corrosion time implied that the

(a) unidirectional corrosion samples (b) micro-analysis samples

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of unidirectional corrosion samples(a) and take micro-analysis samples(b).

3
J. Zhang et al. Cement and Concrete Research 143 (2021) 106397

Fig. 3. The microscopic morphology of ERPM at different pH conditions.

invasion process of CO2 in cement matrix is controlled by diffusion rate

and follows Fick’s law, so the slope of the linear relationship between
corrosion depth and time represents the corrosion rate coefficient. The
order of corrosion rate coefficient of three kinds of cement stone is as
follows 0.744, 0.377 and 0.303, more severe corrosion is accompanied
by a higher corrosion rate coefficient, which indicate that the corrosion
rate of cement stone was slowed down due to the addition of ERPM.
Therefore, all the above analysis shown that ERPM could effectively
enhance the impermeability of cement matrix.

3.3. Compressive strength

The results of Fig. 8 shown that the initial compressive strength of

Fig. 4. Infrared spectra of ERPM at different pH conditions.
ERPM modified cement stone (A1, A2) were higher than that of blank
cement stone (A0), at the same time, the strength increase with the
addition of ERPM. Due to the influence of CO2 corrosion, the compres­
sive strength of this two cement stones all shown two-stage development
trend of “growth-decline” with corrosion time, but it is obviously found
that the decline range of ERPM modified cement stone were smaller than
that of A0 cement stone, and the decline beginning time were also later
than A0. The strength reduction of A0 occurred on the 7th day of

O O
O
NHR'
RHN N N N O C
H H n

OH H+
+

O O
O
NHR'
RHN N N N O C
H H n

OH

O O
O
NHR'
RHN N N N O C
H n
NHR'
O N
NHR O

NH N O NH

O N O N
H H

Fig. 5. The condensation reaction process of ERPM at acid conditions.

4
J. Zhang et al.
Fig. 6. Dye testing images of fracture surfaces after corrosion 60 days: (a), (b) and (c) are A0, A1 and A2 cement samples respectively.
Fig. 7. The relationship of corrosion depth and corrosion time for ERPM
modified cement stone.
Fig. 8. Compressive strength of cement stone exposure to CO2.
corrosion, when the corrosion time reached 60 days, the compressive
strength has declined to 12.76 MPa, where the damage degree equal to
46.88%, as shown in Fig. 9. It indicated that the mechanical properties
of A0 was seriously subjected to damage from CO2 corrosion. While for
A1 and A2, the earliest decline time of strength were 15 days, the
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Cement and Concrete Research 143 (2021) 106397
compressive strength decreased to 21.79 MPa and 23.46 MPa after 60
days of corrosion, where the final damage degree were only 11.72% and
10.12% respectively. The above results suggestion that the addition of
ERPM could effectively restrain the destruction of mechanical properties
for cement stone under corrosive environment.
3.4. Permeability
The development of permeability of blank cement stone(A0) and
ERPM cement stone (A1 and A2) after 60 days corrosion were shown in
Table 3. It can be seen from Table 3 that with the extension of corrosion
time, the permeability of A0 shows an obvious increasing trend, and the
growth rate of permeability is 36.43% after 60 days of corrosion. While
the permeability of A1 and A2 shows a gradually decreasing and stable
development trend, and the growth rates of permeability after 60 days of
corrosion are − 15.60% and − 15.01% respectively. The above results
show that the corrosion resistance of A1 and A2 is obviously better than
that of A0, and ERPM can effectively slow down the adverse phenom­
enon that the permeability of cement stone increases greatly in acidic
environment.
3.5. The pore size distribution
As can be seen in Fig. 10, the initial global porosity of A2 cement
stone was slightly higher than that of A0, the global porosity value were
35.48% and 33.79% respectively. After 60 days corrosion, the charac­
teristic peak of pore size distribution for A0 obviously shifts to the right,
while A2 cement stone moves to the left, which corresponds to the in­
crease of A0 global porosity and the decrease of A2 global porosity, then
the globe porosity growth rate of A0 and A2 were 21.35% and −
15.27%. According to the research results from Dullard, Dai and Hosh­
ino [25–27], it is normal that the global porosity of cement stone in­
creases after corrosion, while that of A2 cement stone decreases.
Therefore, the pore size distribution of cement stone with different sizes
was further studied, as shown in Fig. 11. The volume of micropores
(>50 nm) in A0 increased by 0.98 times, while the volume of micropores
(>50 nm) in A1 and A2 were reduced by 0.12 and 0.24 times, and the
volume of micropores (<50 nm) were increased by 0.54 and 0.68 times
respectively. So, the global porosity decrease of A2 cement stone was
attribute to the increase of micropores volume (<50 nm). In addition,
the above phenomenon implied that the pore size of A0 was coarsened
due to the CO2 corrosion, but the pore size of the ERPM modified cement
stone(A1 and A2) were not coarsened but more refined.
According to Wu Zhongwei’s criteria for micropore division, those
J. Zhang et al. Cement and Concrete Research 143 (2021) 106397

Fig. 9. Damage degree of compressive strength of cement stone exposure to CO2.

Table 3
Development trend of permeability of cement stone.
NO. Permeability/mD Growth rate/%

0d 7d 15d 30d 60d

A0 0.0280 0.03270 0.0335 0.0379 0.0382 36.43

A1 0.0250 0.0250 0.0235 0.0218 0.0211 − 15.60
A2 0.0247 0.0248 0.0232 0.0213 0.0210 − 15.01

Note: 0 d measured value is 72 h permeability.

Fig. 11. The pore size distribution of cement stone expose to CO2 in
different time.

Fig. 10. The global porosity and pore size distribution of A0 and A2 after
corrosion 60 days.

with pore size >100 nm are defined as harmful pores, those with pore
size <50 nm are harmless pores, and those between them are less
harmful pores [28]. After CO2 corrosion, the proportion of harmful and
less harmful pores in blank cement stone increased, so the pore structure
appeared “coarsening” phenomenon, while the proportion of harmless
pores in ERPM modified cement stone increased obviously.

3.6. XRD analysis

As shown in Fig. 12, it can see the obvious diffraction peaks of cal­ Fig. 12. The XRD spectrum of A0 and A2 after corrosion 60 days.
cium hydroxide, ettringite and calcium sulphoaluminate from the XRD
spectrum of Uncorrosive blank cement stone A00, which indicated that
the main crystal hydration products of oil well cement are calcium hy­
droxide(4.92, 2.628, 1.927 nm), ettringite(2.773, 2.616 nm) and

6
J. Zhang et al.
calcium sulphoaluminate(2.74 nm). After 60 days of corrosion, the in­
tensity of the Ca(OH)2 diffraction peak in A060 was significantly
reduced, at the same time, a large number diffraction peaks of carbon­
ized products CaCO3(29.554, 39.507, 43.308) appeared. For A260, it is
also found that diffraction peak intensity decrease of Ca(OH)2 and
diffraction peak of CaCO3 were appeared, but the degree of decline and
the newly added content of CaCO3 were significantly lower than A00.
The above phenomenon indicated that both cement stones inevitably
react with CO2 to produce corrosion products CaCO3, but the corrosion
degree of ERPM modified cement stone was significantly lower than that
of blank cement stone.
3.7. Micro analysis
A0 and A2 cement stones form different layering characteristics, as
shown in Figs. 13 and 14, A0 cement stone present corrosion zone and
no corrosion zone in turn from outside to inside. Through further
enlargement of the corrosion area, it can be seen that the A0 cement
matrix was porous loose and exist in obvious corrosion traces, at the
same time a large number of corrosion pores are produced. These indi­
cated that the A0 cement matrix has been seriously corroded. While A2
not only forms the above two zones, but also forms a transitional zone. it
is further found from the enlargement of transitional zone that the
surface of A2 cement stone was smooth, and no obvious corrosion pore,
at the same time, a clear film-like substance was covered on the cement
stone cross section or filled between the pores. By comparing the SEM
images of two kinds of cement after corrosion, it can be thought that the
formation of polymer films due to the response characteristic of ERPM
under acid condition is the fundamental reason for the increase of mi­
cropores volume (<50 nm). in A2 cement stone. The above phenomenon
also indicated that the ERPM maintained the corrosion integrity of the
cement stone.
Fig. 13. The Optical and SEM photograph of A0 cement stone after 60 days corrosion.
7
Cement and Concrete Research 143 (2021) 106397
4. Discussion
After cement clinkers reaction with water, it is mainly form 15–20 wt
% calcium hydroxide (CH), 68–70 wt% hydrated calcium silicate gel (C-
S-H), a small amount of calcium aluminate hydrate (C3AH6) and hy­
drated calcium sulphoaluminate (AFt) [29–32]. The cement matrix
possess the high alkali characteristic(pH = 11–13). While, CO2 is a kind
of acid gas and easily soluble in water. Under geological storage for­
mation environment, the dissolved CO2 gradually consumes the alkaline
hydration products (Ca(OH)2 and C-S-H gel) [33], and produces the
corrosion products amorphous calcium silicate gel(SiOxOHx) and CaCO3
[34,35], which is filled and deposited in the pores of the cement stone,
resulting in the increase of the compactness and the compressive
strength and the decrease of the porosity [36,37]. With the continuous
dissolution of CO2, CaCO3 gradually changes into the water-soluble Ca
(HCO3)2, which causes leaching damage to the cement stone, resulting
in decrease of compressive strength and increase of permeability
[38–40], the specific reaction process as shown in Eqs. (2)–(5):
Ca2+ (aq) + HCO3 − (aq) + OH− (aq)→CaCO3 (s) + H2 O (2)
C − S − H + H+ + HCO3 − (aq)→CaCO3 (s) + SiOx OHx (amorphous gel) + H2 O
(3)
CO2 + H2 O + CaCO3 (s)→Ca(HCO3 )2 (aq) (4)
Ca(OH)2 (s) + Ca(HCO3 )2 (aq)→CaCO3 (s) + H2 O (5)
The above-mentioned reaction process explained the reasons why
the compressive strength of cement stone showed “growth-decline” after
60 days of corrosion. So it is considered reasonable that avoiding the
contact between the hydration products and the corrosive medium are
effective methods to improve the corrosion resistance of cement stone.
According to Table 2 and the micro above analysis, the particle size
of ERPM is nano level(211.6 nm). Through particle gradation effect,
ERPM can effectively fill the pores between cement clinkers and then
J. Zhang et al. Cement and Concrete Research 143 (2021) 106397

Fig. 14. The optical and SEM photograph of A2 cement stone after 60 days corrosion.

enhance the compactness of cement matrix. At the same time, due to the
acidic response characteristic, ERPM filled in the pores or adsorbed on
the particle surface gradually gather to form a membrane like substance
(as shown in Fig. 14). The “filling and shielding” function of polymer
film can effectively block the migration channel of corrosive medium, so
as to slow down the diffusion rate of corrosive medium and improve the
corrosion resistance of cement stone, the schematic diagram of the ac­
tion process of ERPM as shown in Fig. 15. In addition, thanks to the
particle filling and film-forming shielding effect of ERPM, the
compactness of the cement stone matrix is improved, so the pore size
distribution is refined and mechanical strength is enhanced, which ex­
plains why the initial compressive strength of ERPM modified cement
stone is higher than blank cement stone.

Fig. 15. Schematic diagram of ERPM improving the corrosion resistance of cement stone.

8
J. Zhang et al.
5. Conclusion
(1) The ERPM had good environmental response characteristics and
temperature resistance, which could transform into membranous
morphology encountering acidic environment.
(2) The corrosion rate and the damage degree of mechanical prop­
erties of cement stone were effectively suppressed through adding of
ERPM. At the same time, the pore structure cement stone was refined by
ERPM.
(3) Based on acidic response characteristic, the corrosion resistance
of cement stone was improved due to the polymer film formed by ERPM,
which effectively shield the direct contact between corrosion medium
and hydration products, and maintain the structural integrity of hy­
dration products.
Declaration of competing interest
No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this manuscript
“Corrosion integrity of oil cement modified by environment responsive
microspheres for CO2 geologic sequestration wells”, and manuscript is
approved by all authors for publication. I would like to declare on behalf
of my co-authors that the work described was original research that has
not been published previously, and not under consideration for publi­
cation elsewhere, in whole or in part. All the authors listed have
approved the manuscript that is enclosed.
Acknowledgements
The financial support of National State Science and Technology
Support Plan (2012AA091501-003) is greatly acknowledged. Without
their support, this work would not have been possible.
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