REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)

1. Phân biệt câu trực tiếp và câu gián tiếp

Câu trực tiếp: là câu nói của ai đó trích dẫn lại nguyên văn và thường được để
trong dấu ngoặc kép.
Ex: Linda said “I often come here”
Câu gián tiếp: là câu tường thuật lại lời nói của người khác theo ý của người
tường thuật và ý nghĩa không thay đổi.
Ex: Linda said that she often came there.
2. Thay đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
 Đại từ nhân xưng

 Thì của động từ

  Động từ khuyết thiếu
can  could
must  must/had to
may  might
might  might
could  could
should  should
ought to  ought to
will  would
would like  wanted
 Trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm, đại từ và tính từ chỉ định
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
today, tonight that day/ that night
tomorrow the next day/ the following day/ the day
after
the day after tomorrow two days after
yesterday the day before/ the previous day
the day before yesterday two days before
next the next
last week/month/year/night the week/month/year/night before
 now then
ago before
this that
these those
here there
3. Lời nói gián tiếp trong câu khẳng định
S + said + (that) + S + V (lùi thì)
She said “I will call you tomorrow.”
She said she would call me the next day
Ex: “Linda won’t visit you tomorrow”, he said.
 he said Linda wouldn’t visit him the next day.
4. Lời nói gián tiếp trong câu hỏi Yes-No
S1 + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + (O) + if/ whether + S2 + V (lùi thì)

Trực tiếp: We asked Andrew, “Have you bought a new game?”

Gián tiếp: We asked Andrew if he had bought a new game.

Ex: She said, “Do you need any help?”
 she said if I needed any help
5. Lời nói gián tiếp trong câu hỏi Wh-question
S1 + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + (O) + Wh-word + S2 + V (lùi thì)
He asked me, “When I can call you back?”

He asked me when he could call me back.

Ex: I asked her, ‘What are you doing here?”

 I asked her what she was doing there.

6. Cấu trúc câu tường thuật dạng câu mệnh lệnh

S + told + O + (not) to-Vo
Câu trực tiếp: “Clean this living room,” Lan said to me.
 Lan told me to clean that living room.
Câu trực tiếp: “Don’t eat junk food,” she said to me.
 She told me not to eat junk food.
* Reporting verbs:
- agree đồng ý , decide quyết định, offer đề nghị, promise hứa, refuse từ chối ... +
to- Vo
- advise khuyên, ask, encourage khuyến khích, invite mời, remind gợi nhớ, tell,
want, warn cảnh báo... + O + to infinitive.
- admit (thừa nhận), deny (phủ nhận), stop, suggest...+ V-ing.
* Câu điều kiện ở lời nói gián tiếp:
* Câu điều kiện ở lời nói gián tiếp
1. Điều kiện có thật, có thể xảy ra: Chúng ta áp dụng quy tắc chung của lời nói
gián tiếp.
Eg. He said “If I have much money, I’ll travel around the world.”
He said (that) If he had much money, he would travel around the world.
2. Điều kiện không có thật/ giả sử: Chúng ta giữ nguyên,không đổi.
Eg: “If I had two wings,I would fly everywhere”, he said.
He said If he had two wings, he would fly everywhere.
I. Yêu cầu: Chuyển các câu dưới đây thành câu tường thuật
1. “I won’t see you tomorrow”, she said.
 she said she wouldn’t see me the next day.
2. “He’s living in Paris for a few months”, she said.
 she said he was living in Paris for a few months.
3. “I visited my parents at the weekend”, she told me.
 she told me she had visited her parents at the weekend.
4. “He hasn’t eaten sushi before”, she said.
 she said he hadn’t eaten sushi before.
5. “I’ll do the washing-up later”, she told me.
 she told me she would do the washing up later.
6. “He could read when he was three”, she said.
 she said he could read when he was three.
7. “I was sleeping when Julie called”, she said
 she said she had been sleeping when Julie called.
II. Yêu cầu: Chuyển các câu dưới đây thành câu tường thuật (tường
thuật dạng câu hỏi)
1. “Where is he?” she asked me.
 She asked me where he was.
3. “Why did you go out last night?” she asked me.
 She asked me why I had gone out the night before.
4. “Who was that beautiful woman?” she asked me.
  She asked me who that beautiful woman had been.
5. “How is your mother?” she asked me.
 She asked me how my mother was.
6. “What are you going to do at the weekend?” she asked me.
 She asked me what I was going to do at the weekend.
7. “Where will you live after graduation?” she asked me.
 She asked me where I would live after graduation.
8. “What were you doing when I saw you?” she asked me.
9. She asked me what I was doing when she had seen me.

III.
- agree đồng ý , decide quyết định, offer đề nghị, promise hứa, refuse từ chối ... +
to- Vo
- advise khuyên, ask, encourage khuyến khích, invite mời, remind gợi nhớ, tell,
want, warn cảnh báo, order ... + O + to infinitive.
- admit (thừa nhận), deny (phủ nhận), stop, suggest...+ V-ing.

1. “If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this car”.

He advised me not to buy that car
2. “Shall I carry your suitcase, Lan?” said Nam.
Nam offered Lan to carry her suitcase.
3. “ Yes, all right. I’ll share the food with you, Dave”.
Ann agreed to share the food with Dave.
4. “ Sue, can you remember to buy some bread? ”.
Paul reminded Sue to buy some bread.
5. “ Don’t touch anything in this room”, the man said to the children.
The man ordered the children not to touch anything in that room.
6.” I must go home to make the dinner”, said Mary.
Mary said she had to go home to make the dinner.
7. “ Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?” Tom asked me.
Tom asked me if I was going to HCM city the following week.
8. “ Have you finished your homework?” Mom asked.
Mom asked if I had finished my homework.
9. She said to me “ I can’t do it by myself”.
She told me that she couldn’t do it herself.
10.”Does your brother live in London, Nam?” Lan asked.
Lan wanted to know if Nam’s brother lived in London.
IV.
1 "Don't repeat (lặp lại) this mistake (lỗi) again!" the instructor warned (cảnh báo)
the sports man.
The instructor warned the sports man not to repeat that mistake again.
2 "Leave your address with the secretary," the assistant said to me.
The assistant said to me to leave my address with the secretary.
3 "Phone to me for an answer tomorrow” the manager said to the client.
The manager said to the client to phone to him for an answer the next day
4 "Don't be so silly," the father said to the kid.
The father said to the kid not to be so silly.
5 "Give a smile," the photographer said to me.
The photographer told me to give a smile.
6 "Please, help me to make a decision," Ann asked her friend.
Ann asked her friend to help her to make a decision.
7 "Don't leave these books on the table, put them back on the shelf," the librarian
said to the student.
The librarian said to the student not to leave those books on the table and put them
back on the shelf.
8 "Be a good girl and sit quietly for five minutes," the nurse said to the child.
The nurse said to the child to be a good girl and sit quietly for five minutes.
9 "Leave your things here," my companion advised me.
My companion advised me to leave my things there.
10 "Don't discuss this question now," said the chairman to the participants.
The chairman told the participants not to discuss that question then.
V.
1 "Will it be safe to stay in the mountains for the night if the weather doesn't
change for the better?" we asked the guide.
We asked the guide if it would be safe to stay in the mountains for the night if the
weather didn’t change for the better.
2 The porter said to me, "I'll wake you up, when the train arrives in Leeds."
The porter told me he would wake me up when the train arrived in Leeds.
3 My wife said to me: "While you are away, I'll do the packing."
My wife told me that she would do the packing while I was away.
4 "Don't leave until I phone you," he asked me.
He asked me not to leave until he phoned me.
5 "After he leaves hospital, they'll take him to the South," the doctor said.
The doctor said that after he left hospital, they would take him to the
6 "They'll wait for the fisherman to return until it gets dark", the local man
explained to me.
The local man explain to me that they would wait for the fisherman to return until
it got dark.
7 “As soon as I hear from him, I'll let you know," my neighbor said to me.
The neighbor told me she would let me know as soon as she heard from him
8 I’ll live in town till my husband returns from the expedition and when he returns,
we'll go to the seaside together," she said.
She said that she would live in town till her husband returned from the expedition
and when he returned, they would go to the seaside together.
9 The mother said to her son, ."Sit still, please."
The mother told her son to sit still.
10 John said to his friend, "Come and spend a week with us."
John told his friend to come and spend a week with them.
VI.
1 "Have you travelled abroad much?" he asked me.
He asked me if I had travelled abroad much.
2 "Who has written this note?" the boss asked the secretary.
The boss asked the secretary who had written that note.
3 "I've just received a postcard from my sister," my friend said to me.
My friend told me she had just received a postcard from her sister.

5 "Have you been here long?" the stranger asked me.

The stranger asked me if I had been there long.
6 "Did you really see saw this happen with your own eyes?" the policeman asked
the boy.
The policeman asked the boy if he had really seen that happen with his own eyes.
7 "I hope they will have taken a decision by the end of the meeting," she remarked.
She remarked that she hoped they would have taken a decision by the end of the
meeting.
8 "Did you watch the detective film on TV yesterday?" he asked her.
He asked her if she had watched the detective film on tv the day before/ the
previous day.
9 "This story happened long ago," he said, "and few people remember anything
about it."
He said that story had happened long before and few people remembered anything
about it.
10 "I haven't read so interesting a book since I don't remember when," she said.
She said she hadn’t read so interesting a book since she didn’t remember when.

S1 + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + (O) + if/ whether + S2 + V (lùi thì)

 1. “ Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her.

 I asked her if it was going to be a fine day that day.

2. “ Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked

 the girl wanted to know if the bus station was far away.

3. “ Are you going to Ha Noi by train?” she asked me.

 she wanted to know if I was going to Ha Noi by train.

4. “ Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter.

 Peter asked Janet if he could borrow her typewriter.
5. “ Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the manager. ( do – did –
done)
 The manager wondered why he hadn’t gotten a computer before.

6. The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley when her little boy had bornt .
7. Martha asked Peter when the first day of his holiday was.
8. The landlady asked us if we had had enough for lunch.
9. The interviewed asked Mr. Simpson how many jobs he had had since 2000.
10. The teacher wanted to know who the answer knew.
1. Daisy said she had already booked for the weekend with her math class and
music class.
2. Ben asked me what kind of sports I liked best.
3. Bao told me who the headmaster was.
4. I asked her how big the classes were.
5. My parents told me that they would send me a nice gift.
6. Tom asked if I was fond of making pottery.
7. My teacher said that I could calm even when I had lots of pressure.
8. I asked him what sorts of food they served.
9. Susan said she couldn’t concentrate because it was too noisy in there.
10. Hoa said she really wished she could make informed decisions.
2. “She didn’t joined her friend’s birthday”, they said.
3. “Do you want to become a designer?”, he asked me
4. “ the craft workshop will be set up in November”, they said
5. My aunt said, “ I sent you the gift last week”
6. Dr. Lai said: “you should brush your teeth regularly”
7. My teacher said, “ I should practice speaking English more often”.
8. He asked me, “ Is it too late to apply for the job?”.
9. Jane told me, “ I won’t leave for London tonight”.
10. She asked, “ Is it dangerous to swim across the river?”.